National Institute for Space Research
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Confronto do uso e ocupação da terra em APPs no município de Muqui, ES
No full textTo ensure the quality of life and preservation of natural resources in the municipality of Muqui, located in the extreme south of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, between latitudes 20 \ub0 50 'and 21 \ub0 01' South and longitude 41 \ub0 12 'and 41 \ub0 28' west Greewinch, with an area of 327.75 km ², the study proposed the use of geotechnology. In order to delimit the Permanent Preservation Areas (marginal strip, hill top, springs and slopes) from the viewpoint of Environmental Law; classify the use and occupation of the land, identify and analyze to areas of conflict in relation to Brazilian law No. 12,651, for check the state of degradation emphasizing the importance of automatic identification of these areas in order to implement projects that promote environmental actions in pursuit of a sustainable relationship between man and environment more efficiently and facilitating access to a growing number of reports from that geotechnology linked to remote sensing are essential for understanding and analyzing geographic space. Using a territorial approach that allows the spatial distribution of data, the visualization of spatial relations, the detection process of concentration and dispersion of flows and counter flows, as well as the identification of the historical processes of data behavior.Pages: 6049-605
Estudo da degradação ambiental nas Áreas de Proteção Permanente no Município de Formosa do Rio Preto - BA
No full textThe Western Bahia, characterized by Cerrado biome has been transformed over the past 20 years, a major agricultural centers of Brazil. In this case the region is highlighted in the production of grain held by mechanization and use of water resources. For that to happen took years of research on the physical characteristics of the region, use and occupation of land as well as the change in the agrarian structure, which became potentially capitalist. Due to these processes, the objective was to see how this research new forms of agricultural production have affected the environment implying mainly in suppression of native vegetation, riparian forests and riverbanks, spaces surrounded by the New Forest Code in force, as Permanent Protection Areas. However in this work were identified through satellite imagery, land use, from agricultural production and urbanization, close to or within protected areas, thereby resulting in several lawsuits that can cause environmental degradation irreparably because of the rearrangement Cerrado does not like other natural systems. The identification of the occupation of the Cerrado was based on the theoretical framework and the identification of areas of degradation, from data prepared by modern techniques of GIS and Remote Sensing using that allowed the analysis of the situation more defined through the interaction between energy and matter.Pages: 5055-506
A tecnologia a favor do ensino de geografia: a utilização do software Google Earth
No full textThe present work shows us a possibility new tecnology application the geography teaching, from the use of remote sensing, more specifically the software Google Earth as a tool to support education, encompassing the most varied themes, aiming teacher contact with the techonology, which would enable him to play the role of mediating the processes of learning a new student profile, which requires a new approach of content. Improving the teaching process requires education, which in combination with other factors, assign a new range of skills, and these skills, basic needs for a development process. As methodology was applied to the use of Remote Sensing to teach various topics geography, and the advantages and difficulties of using them found by educational profissionals. It emphasizes the need for an appreciation of the teacher and the need to encourage practices that enable these professionals more contact with the geotechnology as one realizes the difficulty of implemeting these in environments that are not academic, government agencies or corporate, there is a continuing need for a knowledge to support the development of technologies and for this it is necessary to approach this discussion in a context not merely academic but integrated in an educational environment.Pages: 2606-261
Utilização de SIG Móvel para construção de filtros dinâmicos a partir de dados espaciais - Uma extensão para o Sistema de Informações Geográficas Aplicado ao Policiamento Ambiental (SIGAPA)
No full textThe dynamic database model proposed by Ka-Wai Kwan and Wen-zhong Shi in the article A Study of Dynamic Mobile GIS Database presents a new conceptual model from a dataset spatial temporal GIS adapted for mobile composing so a dynamic database. This approach once implemented, will allow object-relational models to adapt dynamically to user-supplied data such as velocity and location, this feature is potentially useful when dealing with people with mobile devices like tablets and pdas. Conceptually databases are known to have rigid structures pre-defined and strongly typed. On one hand these features help enable the systematization and reliability in data integrity, on the other hand limit the storage process, query and retrieval of data in the sense that the whole process must meet the model previously defined. This feature limits the creation of filters and dynamic views of the data necessary resources when it comes to data acquisition in real time especially if the consumer using these data are precision systems such as mobile gis. From the results obtained in tests conducted by the authors infer that the response time for queries in conventional databases tends to increase proportionally larger the size of the records persisted while the response time can be significantly reduced by a base dynamic data similar to that proposed. This scenario is ideal for the nature of the application presented in this paper.Pages: 6938-694
Mapeamento urbano por classificação hierárquica semi-automática baseada em objetos
No full textThis work aims at develop a semi-automatic algorithm to classify an urban area located at Rio Grande - RS. The proposed algorithm is based on a decision tree framework and was developed to work with objects. The final decision tree was manually edited to improve the results. Some aspects related to similar targets were carefully analyzed and the respective nodes were updated to better fit the real aspects found in the field. The results showed the semi-automatic approach can adequately classify the heterogenic region.Pages: 4346-435
Mapeamento do cultivo de café no sul de Minas Gerais utilizando imagens Landsat-5 TM
No full textThis work aims to map the coffee crops in Southern Minas Gerais, more specifically in a region covered by the municipalities of Muzambinho, Cabo Verde and Monte Belo. We used Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images of band TM3, TM4 and TM5 from path/row 219/75 taken in the dry season. The classification was made by the following four steps: 1) first, the images were geometrically corrected using as reference a topographic chart of scale 1: 50.000 (IBGE); 2) to reduce the differential terrain illumination on satellite images, a simple method of cosine correction was applied on the images using a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from the topographic chart; 3) then, the images were segmented using a region-growing algorithm; 4) lastly, the segments were grouped by adopting a supervised classifier by region named Bhattacharya. The results show that the adopted procedures were very useful for mapping the coffee crops. The topographic normalization showed to be effective, since it contributed to reduce the differential terrains illumination and increase the segmentation performance as well. Using reference information acquired by means of topographic charts, field campaign and Google Earth, a training sample set was collected to perform the classification. Two coffee classes were discriminated: coffee-1 (coffee in formation) and coffee-2 (production coffee). Although, there have been some misclassification (inclusion and exclusion errors) involving mainly coffee-1 with coffee 2 and coffee-2 with forest, the classification results were considered satisfactory and showed the potential of the medium spatial resolution satellite images for mapping the coffee crops.Pages: 186-19
Estimativa da temperatura média do Estado de Goiás utilizando um interpolador SIG e coordenadas geográficas
No full textThe air temperature is a meteorological variable extremely important to different knowledge areas: agriculture, livestock, meteorology, oceanology, among others. Thus, because the network of meteorological observations of surface to be distributed unevenly and deficit, becomes relevant the estimates of this variable, to maximize the accuracy of results in areas where has not real information. This study aimed to estimate the average daily temperatures for different methodologies in regions that do not have surface weather stations. Were used 34 conventional weather stations in the state of Goiás, which were used data of daily average temperature (\ub0C) and geographic coordinates: latitude, longitude and height. From the data of temperature and geographic coordinates was generated a multiple linear regression equation and also was made a map of average temperature using the ArcGis tools, estimating the data by the ordinary Kriging method. The estimates obtained as the regression models as the method of Kriging were compared to the actual values in order to generate the coefficient "d" Wilmott. These maps allowed the effective comparison of models and differences highlighted the need for greater amounts of samples due to greater detail area, especially in the northern region, as the map with 65 samples estimated showed greater thoroughness.Pages: 4375-438
Determinação dos componentes do balanço de energia com imagens MODIS no município de Petrolina-PE, Brasil
No full textIn the Petrolina Municipality, Brazil, the natural vegetation has been replaced by irrigated agriculture, bringing importance for the quantification of the effects on the energy exchanges between the mixed vegetated surfaces and the low atmosphere. MODIS satellite images and agro-meteorological data for the years of 2010 and 2011 were used together, for modelling these exchanges. Surface albedo (α0), NDVI and surface temperature (T0) were the basic remote sensing parameters necessary to calculate the latent heat flux (λE) and the surface resistance to evapotranspiration (rs) on a large scale. The daily net radiation (Rn) was retrieved from α0, air temperature (Ta) and short-wave transmissivity (τs) throughout the slob equation, allowing the quantification of the daily sensible heat flux (H) by residual in the energy balance equation. With threshold values for rs, it was possible to separate the energy fluxes from crops and natural vegetation. The averaged fractions of Rn partitioned as H and λE, were in average 71 and 22%, and 29 and 78% when considering irrigated crops and natural vegetation, respectively. The tools and models applied in the current research, can subsidize the monitoring of the coupled climate and land use changes effects on a municipality scale, being valuable when aiming the sustainability of the water resources in the future.Pages: 5475-548
Contribuição das imagens orbitais do sensor TM-LANDSAT-5 para identificação e interpretação de paleocanais e sítios arqueológicos
No full textRemote sensing, with the registration of a limited portion of the earth's surface, is a set of techniques that allows the study of objects at a distance. These data stores are used recurrently in the interpretation and analysis of sociospatial dynamic, so, with the application of digital techniques for analyzing and interpreting visual images in the satellite TM-LANDSAT-5, it was possible to discuss environmental changes by the presence of paleochannels in a region that has several archaeological sites around them. Moreover, since pre-colonial waterways were important in the process of occupation of the Brazilian Central Plateau, therefore, was selected as the study site a portion of the Bonito River, located in geographic coordinates latitude -16 3215,39403 and longitude - 51 2950,26237, which is a reference water sources in the occupation of Goiás. In this sense, the identification of paleochannels, hydrological past tenses found in research, translates into important for studies of paleogeography and can better support the archaeological interpretation, since erosion of sediments transported and accumulated, may contain human remains. The images chosen sensor TM-Landsat-5 temporal aspects of the past 25 years, including the period from 1985 to 2010 in 5-year intervals, identifying the orbit track with 223 and 71 point some of these paleochannels. Therefore, this study confirmed the importance of sensing to identify these morphological features over large areas, and in parallel with the field work also revealed the presence of archaeological sites.Pages: 3771-377
Caracterização temporal do antropismo da Floresta Nacional de Jacundá - Rondônia, com imagens LANDSAT
No full textJacundá National Forest, in Rondônia State, has initiated forest concession process recently. In this process, a historical record of human activities in the area is demanded, which works as a baseline for forest monitoring after the beginning of logging activities. With this purpose, it was executed a multitemporal analysis, using LANDSAT imagery, acquired between 1985 and 2011 with a 2-4 years interval. A supervised classification was used to map six land cover classes. Deforestation and secondary growth were then separated to compose the anthropogenic classes. Spectral mixture analysis was applied to map selective logging. The results indicate that anthropism in the area increased dramatically after the 2000s, reaching 1,5% of the total area in 2007, but data also show that deforested extension is decreasing and secondary growth is taking place. No evidence of selective logging was found within Jacundá National Forest, but they can be clearly noticed on its surroundings, representing a threat to forest management in the area.Pages: 7208-721