National Institute for Space Research
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Classificação de áreas alagáveis da planície do rio Amazonas utilizando mineração de dados e GEOBIA
No full textThe study of the Amazon River floodplain is of great importance for many subjects. The accurate definition of its area is the first challenge for this study. An important source of data for this is the SRTM Digital Elevation Model. The objective of this work is to evaluate the use of data mining procedures to map wetlands in the Amazon River floodplain, using SRTM data and HAND. The results obtained from data mining were compared with classifications created using manual selection of attributes. To apply the method two reaches of this floodplain were selected: Codajás, localized in Amazonas State, and Óbidos, localized in Pará State. The classifications were carried out using two segmentation levels and decision trees built using the J48 algorithm implemented in WEKA. The layers of SRTM-DEM, HAND-DEM and HAND-DEM derived slope and curvature images were used in the classification. A Monte Carlo method based analysis was used to evaluate the level of agreement between the classifications and a reference map. Those results were compared to maps created with manual selection of attributes. For the Óbidos reach, both manual selection and data mining yielded similar results but for the Codajás reach the data mining method performed noticeably better as indicated by the Monte Carlo analisys.Pages: 2306-231
Ortorretificação de imagem do satélite WorldView-2
No full textThe coastal areas present sensible ecosystems before its dynamics. With the availability of high resolution images and object based analysis methodology, remote sensing techniques may bring several benefits towards monitoring such sites. It is necessary, however, that the images and other data on the areas of interest are duly co-registered. The existing distortions on such images prevent its direct overlapping in regular cartographic documents. Therefore, geometrical image correction methods must be applied. The present paper is a part of an object-oriented classification study conducted in Raposa (MA), whose objective is developing a knowledge model for the mapping of land usage and coverage through the free software InterIMAGE, using Data Mining techniques. This paper presents the orthorectification process of a scene in the orbital sensor WorldView-2 of the area of study. The precision found on the control points implantation, required requisite for this paper, allowed for image correction and obtaining a reliable statistical analysis, permitting its usage on the subsequent steps of the study.Pages: 2030-203
Mapas de Fragilidade Ambiental utilizando o Processo de Análise Hierárquica (AHP) e Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG)
No full textCurrently there are different definitions to the concept of environmental fragility; it complicates its application and makes difficult to compare between different methods. This work addresses the main definitions to this concept and suggests which one is the most proper. Besides, a method related to this definition is proposed to evaluate the levels of environmental fragility. The proposed method is also applied to show the results that may be obtained. The method was applied in a pilot study to illustrate its main steps. The analysis were developed in a sector of the São Paulo - Brasilia oil pipeline (OSBRA), using digital topographic map at the scale of 1:10,000. A Geographical Information System (GIS) software was used to perform the analysis and it was used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to assign the weights. It was important to use the AHP method, because it reduces the subjectivity of the weight assignment. The obtained results elucidate the environmental fragility concept and show the importance of the weight assignment and selection of the attributes used in the method. Moreover, the final map provided to evaluate the method sensitivity.Pages: 6564-657
Cultura da Cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo e a proibição da queima da palhada
No full textThe state of Sao Paulo has currently 1/4 of its territory with a planted area of the culture of sugarcane . Historically present in its limits, the canefields have always had great economic and political weight in the state economy, thus requiring a follow-up of the government sector, given its weight also environmental. The present work aims to make a study of the current situation of the culture of sugarcane in State of São Paulo/Brazil, lifting restrictions on the areas with mechanized planting, from the perspective of Law 11.241/02, published by the State Government, and the Environmental Protocol, which provides for the elimination of straw burning. The methodology used was the geospatialization of the database's current census survey of agricultural production units of the State of São Paulo (LUPA) conducted by the Department of Agriculture and Supply of São Paulo, crossing them with areas with slopes greater than 12% (obtained with use of ASTER/GDEM images). Among the results, it is noteworthy that 80.4% of the area planted to industry should no longer make use of the burning of straw by the year 2014, and the 3.85% increase in planted area of culture, compared to LUPA 2007/08, currently representing 5.57 million ha of cultivated area. Among the conclusions the authors emphasize the high level of mechanization (53.24% of cropland), and the trend migration of sugarcane areas to areas further west of the state, due to less restriction on the slope.Pages: 522-52
Definição de critérios a partir da mineração de dados para a extração automática de redes de drenagem
No full textConventional methods for automatic extraction of drainage networks usually use a threshold based on the minimum area of contribution criteria. However, these methods rarely present realistic results and cumbersome manual editing is required. This paper proposes selection of a new set of attributes using supervised learning methods (decision trees) to develop a classification methodology for the automatic extraction of drainage networks. Among the methods evaluated, the J48 algorithm showed the best results with accuracy greater than 90%.Pages: 5753-576
Mapeamento da desertificação do semiárido paraibano com base na sua cobertura vegetal e classes de solos
No full textIn the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba there are plenty biophysics where vegetation, climate, soils and the various faces and the relationships and processes that take place between them generate the formation of different ecosystems and habitats with great potential ecological and environmental . There are in the region of vegetation ranging from vegetation, shrubby areas with coverage up to very sparse and mostly absent, setting up in areas where high desertification process. Similarly a variety of soils that are in the region along with vegetation makes this a region of great variation from the viewpoint of environmental supply. This article deals with the realization of a diagnosis of environmental sensitivity to desertification of semiarid paraibano seeking spatialize the different situations in which the environment fulfills a greater or lesser extent, its role as provider of environmental services. For this, we used the mapping of existing vegetation and soil mapping of the state and the established criteria, as well edaphic vegetation cover, featuring the susceptibility to degradation and performed the intersection of these two bases of information to profile the sensitivity to desertification. The results show that the semi-arid region of Paraiba has the following values of areas undergoing desertification: 5.76% in class weak; 8.39% in the moderate class; 62.48% in class sharp and severe 23.36% in class.Pages: 3112-311
Lineamentos multi-escala da região de Serra Leste e Serra do Paredão, nordeste da Província Mineral de Carajás, Cráton Amazônico
No full textDigital elevation models from SRTM and ASTER images, and field data were used to characterize the distribution of lineaments on the Serra Leste region, northeastern of the Carajás Mineral Province. The region of study was geologically established in archean, where the geologic records shows a history of micro-plate collisions and amalgamation of proto-continents, with subsequent reactivation of tectonic structures in Proterozoic. The lineaments were processed like linear geomorphologic features, mapeable, aligned rectilinear or smoothly rectilinear, reflecting a sub-surface phenomenon. To make de lineaments, were utilized digital elevation models from SRTM and ASTER images. Four homologue zones were defined based on lineaments patterns whose rosacea diagram indicates evolution from the E-W in minor scale to NW-SE in large scale. Serra Leste and the basement showed similar patterns, with NE-SW and NW-SE orientation of lineaments that trespassing the homologue zones. Serra do Sereno and Serra do Paredão show more E-W lineaments represent specially the beddings of this hills. Lineaments (1:25.000) were able to predict faults and fractures. The lineaments (250.000 and 1:100.000) were very important to delimitation of geologic domains and geomorphologic segments. The utilization of remote sensing images of different sources leads to a more reliable characterization of local and regional lineaments and the delimitation of lineaments in different scales contributed to the ductile and brittle deformational analyze.Pages: 3651-365
Desempenho de EVI e NDVI para monitorar vegetação campestre através de ondaletas
No full textThe aim of this study is to compare the performance of NDVI and EVI to monitor the vegetation dynamics in different areas covered with grasslands in the Pampa biome. These are study areas from a PELD project. The Pampa biome, in the Southern region of Brazil, is covered mainly with grasslands and is considered of extreme importance, due to its great biological diversity. The conservation status and extension of vegetation cover is still not well known for the Pampa, although important when monitoring the behavior of vegetation when there are significant changes in climate. Vegetation monitoring has been supported with the development of spectral profiles based on data from different orbital sensors. With the MODIS sensor it is possible to obtain data of Vegetation indices, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), used to monitor changes in vegetation and phenology over time. Combined with analytical methods, the dynamics of vegetation can be studied. The wavelet analysis was used, as the wavelet function captures the local and global behavior of a temporal series and shows where and when changes occur. The power spectra for the EVI presented greater variability that the NDVI in different periods of the series.Pages: 2770-277
Estimativa de largura de rios, a partir de imagens do Google Earth e mapas de hierarquia fluvial, para o mapeamento de Áreas de Preservação Permanente na alta bacia do rio Jaguari, MG
No full textThe increasing of anthropogenic actions have caused serious changes and impacts on watersheds. Moreover, recent declines in the availability of good quality water needs the adoption of measures to guarantee supply. The vegetation tends to minimize the effects of erosion, leaching of soil nutrients and siltation, acting in the protection of water sources and preserving their ecological role. This picture shows that reliable information is needed on the quality and quantity within each river basin, extremely important factors for the management and proper planning from its use. Therefore, the watershed is as important object of analysis and planning, because it is a system that connects physical and man-made elements. Any changes in the basin components can be diagnosed and mapped through the use of RS and GIS. Among these new analytical tools, have yet to use Google Earth imagery. The aim of the study was to measure the average widths of the rivers, supporting the analysis of areas of permanent protection river of the high Jaguari basin. This method is efficient, requiring, however, field work to confirm the accuracy of the data analyzed.Pages: 1258-126
Mobile Geogames: Uma Arquitetura Orientada para Coleta de Dados em Estudos de Mobilidade Urbana na Escala de Bairros
No full textThis work is an attempt to deal with the problem faced by urban planners to collect urban mobility data at a neighbourhood scale. The proposed solution, begins with (a) the acquisition, based on new interfaces for mobile devices, conceptualized as "Mobile Geogames", motivational games developed for voluntary participation in the process of acquiring mobility data and, (b) the storage and processing, of the collected data, based on a server accessible to mobile devices through the game. The paper presents a general computer architecture that defines a set of interface characteristics to explore the concept of geogames applied to urban mobility studies. Together, they build the basis for a platform with much greater resources and multiple uses in urban studies.Pages: 5963-597