National Institute for Space Research
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Assinatura espectral de alvos agrícolas detectados em imagens do satélite WorldView-2\uae
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the spectral signatures of targets in images of the satellite WorldView-2 \uae. For this research, were used images from WorldView-2 satellite with a spatial resolution of 50 cm of june 2011. Were chosen three crops for the analysis: Cane sugar, Maize and Sunn. The images were subjected to atmospheric correction and conversion of the pixel digital numbers in reflectance. For extraction of spectral profiles were chosen 24 points for each culture studied, including 12 points in healthy places and 12 points in locations with injuries caused by nematodes. Based on analyzes of the data, the results of spectral profiles showed that the contaminated areas on the maize and sunn showed lower reflectance when compared to the healthy areas. This was due to the degradation of the structure of the roots, causing indirect damage on leaves caused by Pratylenchus nematodes in both crops. In the case of cane sugar, the areas infected with nematodes had reflectance values greater when compared to the healthy areas, probably due to lower of disease infestation, not changing the structure of the leaf to the point of completely degrade the plant. On this research it was possible to identify the infestation by nematodes in different crops studied by indirect inference of injury observed in plants on the images of the WorldView-2 satellite.Pages: 387-39
Mapa Preliminar de Risco Geotécnico com uso de SIG na região urbana do município de Alegre ES
No full textThe city of Alegre, located on the southern part of the state Espírito Santo, is situated on a geotectonic complex where the extremely uniform topography provides landslides, therefore, life risk. This work searches, through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) with the programs Spring 5.1.8 and TerraView 4.2.1, generate digital products of the susceptibility of landslides that help a preliminary map s geotectonic risk for the city of Alegre. The project works with the Universal Transverse Mercator Projection and SIRGAS2000. The GIS technics started with three initial products: the Vertical Curvature of TOPODATA, which consists in a numerical model that tries to accentuate the shape of the slope in a profile, being concave, convex or straight; an SRTM image, that consists in a digital model of elevation; and a map use and occupation of the land, vectorized from an orthophoto. From the algebraic operations of maps with LEGAL and the support to the decision AHP, a map of landslide susceptibility was generated. This product was generated from the weighing of maps of: slope, made from de Numeric Land Model of SRTM; Vertical Curvature, made from the Numeric Model slicing; and use and occupation of land. The AHP technic is applied on the weighing maps.Pages: 3517-352
Preliminary analysis of viable spaces for horticulture in the micro region of São José dos Campos, Brazil: a subsidy for the discussion of land use and food security linkages
No full textIn Brazil, Human Rights to Adequate Food was institutionalized in January 2010, incorporating adequate feed within the Citizens Social Rights as part of Brazilian Federal Constitution. Access to adequate food that guarantees and promotes such rights has been limited due to socioeconomic issues and environmental local and global changes. Expansion of cities in size and number, as well as population growth concentrated in urban areas might directly affect land availability for agriculture, reducing viable spaces near cities to produce fresh food in order to respond to the rise on demand for food by urban consumers. Vegetables are vital for a healthy human diet, and long market chains represent a damaging step between production and consumption, resulting in great losses due to high perishability, raising prices and difficulting access to food. Thus, the identification of near consumers areas suitable for vegetables´ production, can subsidize public policies and be part of adaptation mechanisms to achieve urban population food security in future. This work aimed to apply GIS techniques to create a map of potential areas suitable for horticulture in the micro region of São José dos Campos, Brazil. We adopted biophysical, infrastructural and spatial zoning data combined by spatial analyses techniques and tools available in SPRING 4.3.3 software. The results provide a basis to support discussion among stakeholders by showing potential areas where horticulture could be developed, and that should be tackled as priority areas to improve the nutritional security for the citizens in this region in near future.Pages: 3970-397
Sensores remotos aplicados al inventario de glaciares descubiertos, cubiertos, de escombros y crioformas en la subcuenca del Río Pachon y subcuenca del Río Mercedario. Provincia de San Juan. Argentina
No full textRock glaciers can be classified by origin into glacigenic and cryogenic, and according to their activity in active and inactive. The survey of discovered glaciers was carried out by supervised classification method for regions or objects with Spring software. Covered glaciers, rock glaciers and crioforms were relieved through the visual analysis of Landsat, Terra and CBERS 2B satellite image. The processing of the digital elevation model was made using SAGA GIS software; furthermore was generated the drainage network and sub basins. All results were put into a GIS project, in this case Kosmo software was used, and the area was calculated for each of the polygons of different types of glaciers and crioforms. Pachon river sub-basin have a total of 136 bodies of active and inactive cryogenic rock glaciers corresponding to 15.51 km2 and 31 bodies of protalus rampart crioforms type corresponding to 0.6 km2. Mercedario River sub-basin contained 63 bodies of active and inactive cryogenic rock glaciers corresponding to 7.93 km2, 8 bodies of glacigenic covered glaciers corresponding to 7.15 km2, 17 bodies of protalus rampart crioformas type corresponding to 0.44 km2 and 47 bodies of discovered glaciers corresponding to 21.57 km2. Knowledge of all types of glaciers and crioforms from glacial and periglacial environment is of vital importance for strategic water reserves in the regions that are placed.Pages: 4040-404
Técnicas de geoprocessamento aplicadas a avaliação das condições de habitalidade urbanas em São Luís - Maranhão
No full textThe goal is to analyze DO work conditions habitalidade the city of St. Louis between the years 2000 and 2010 for the entire urban area from census data prepared by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica - IBGE, as basemap which subsidizes the data collection for the census. The area grew cluttered represented mainly by high industrial increments, which favored the emergence of areas unsuitable for housing need and implementation of housing policies.Pages: 4989-499
Mapeamento do uso e adequação do solo no município de São Domingos do Cariri-PB
No full textThe use of land for the development of agricultural activities, particularly intensively, has caused major changes in the environment. In this context, it is essential to do the planning of agricultural activities and livestock, considering the various environmental criteria involved in the decision-making process. From this perspective, the present study aimed to examine the adequacy of agricultural land use in the municipality of São Domingos Cariri, through the method of analysis of Advanced environment in geographic information system (GIS). For analysis processes were identified two groups of criteria: the restrictions: permanent preservation areas (APPs), roads, water bodies, which give a limitation to the overall farm soil, and the factors that assign degrees of suitability for agricultural use: agricultural suitability of land, land slope and land use. The crossing of the factors and constraints maps was done by analysis methodology in Advanced GIS environment. To conduct the study, images from Landsat 5 TM data and processing was done on Spring 5.1.7 software. The results indicate that 79.9% of the county have a high suitability for agricultural use, 15.5% average, 1.1% lower and 3.5% restricted. However, observations show that in locus, agricultural activities inadequately developed along with the burning and deforestation carried out in the area harm the environment, negatively affecting the sustainability of natural resources. Moreover, the low rainfall compromise the sustainability of dryland farming and raising livestock, suffering heavy losses during the most critical, since, over the years was not built an infrastructure for coexistence with the semiarid.Pages: 5093-510
The within and between segment separability analysis of sealed urban land use classes
No full textObject-based classification has proved to increase the classification capabilities of the very high resolution imagery in the last years. The classification is performed with the use of segments that represent a homogenous group of pixels. While most of the segments attributes which classification is based on is computed as a parametric summary numeric value, the emphasis of this preliminary study was to analyze whether the empirical distribution functions (ECDF) as the segments additional attribute are sufficiently representative and effective separability measure. By empirical cumulative distribution functions are meant step functions where all the pixels inside of a segment are being considered. When distribution functions are interpreted as a segments spectral signature they can be used as a graphic separability tool or as an input parameter in a classification method where segments are compared using Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance and the two-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To test the between class spectral confusion and within class variability three band color infrared orthophoto imagery with 1 m resolution for the urban areas in Ljubljana, Slovenia, was used. Typical sealed and non-vegetation land use classes such as different rooftops, roads, bare-soil, shadows and water were examined. The experimental analysis showed that Kolmogorov-Smirnov classifier has the potential to differentiate spectrally similar classes and has proven to slightly improve the number of correctly classified segments. All algorithms are implemented in the IDL programming language which will enable the design and use of graphic user interface along with the ENVIs and ENVI EXs interface and their capabilities.Pages: 2392-239
"Sistema Deter-Awifs; Avaliação do uso de Imagens Awifs para detecção do desflorestamento em tempo real"
No full textConsidering the possibility of replacing the MODIS images due to its major limitation for detecting deforestation polygons smaller than 25 ha), the Regional Center of the Amazon - CRA INPE began an experimental activity for mapping deforestation with AWIFS images using similar methodology to the DETER system. The experimental system is name DETER-AWFIS and it is here evaluated using the DETER project as reference.Pages: 1244-124
Caracterização da dinâmica dos índices de vegetação NDVI e EVI em plantações de Pinus do Brasil
No full textBecause of the lack of studies using vegetation indices to estimate leaf area index and stem biomass of pine forests in Brazil, this study aims to characterize the dynamics of vegetation indices NDVI and EVI in Pinus taeda and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis plantations along a geographic gradient in Brazil, using time series MODIS data. For this, from an experimental network named Potential Productivity of Pine in Brazil - PPPIB, we used 83 stands of pine ranging from 7 to 19 years old distributed since Minas Gerais to Santa Catarina where the productivity varies from 15 to 45 m³ ha-1 ano-1. We collected, between February, 2000 to October, 2012, 293 images from MODIS Vegetation Index. The NDVI and EVI allowed to characterize the inter and intra-annual sites variation of Pine forests from planting to adult age, where the highest rates of NDVI and EVI were observed at the most productivity site. The combination use of both indexes can be applied to capture the leaf area peaks of Pine in all periods (with and without water deficiency) where usually occur in tropical Pine plantations. While the EVI can be used in Brazil when there are sites with high rainfall along the year.Pages: 2866-287
Expansão do espaço urbano do município de Campina Grande-PB a partir de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto
No full textCampina Grande, the second largest city in the state of Paraiba, is an important educational, industrial and technological center, with -7°1350 of latitude and -35°5252 of longitude, and an average altitude of 551 m. Mainly from 1985, its urban structure has undergone great changes, expanding, growing and demanding a transport infrastructure that encourages the flow of production, population mobility and the commercial trade with other regions. Thus, this work aims to analyze the transport urban expansion interrelation. The methodology consisted of: a bibliographical survey to support the theoretical approach; the study and analysis of the TM/LANDSAT 5 (1989 e 2007) satellite images, available at the National Institute of Space Research (INPE) - http://www.dpi.inpe.br, to detect the evolution and tendency of the city area occupation; georeferenced information and representations of the city´s political boundaries, as well as its districts; the road network; the land use and the geoeconomic zoning provided by the Secretary of Planning Department of Campina Grande (SEPLAN), in order to obtain information about planning and urban management. In this context, remote sensing and geoprocessing become important tools to the study of transport dynamics focused on the development of the city, considering that it is possible to obtain multitemporary images and cadastral information. In its conclusions, this work shows the relevance of transportation planning for the production and social chains in a mix of administrative management and urban growth, demonstrating that investment in the transport sector is also related to the well being and quality of life.Pages: 1006-101