National Institute for Space Research
Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPENot a member yet
6175 research outputs found
Sort by
Determinação do coeficiente de biomassa consumida com o uso da energia radiativa do fogo a partir da queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar
No full text. Sugarcane cultivation is one of the most important agricultural activities in Brazil, and is developed since sixteenth century. The production of sugarcane is showing nowadays a rapid expansion, mainly due to the growth of ethanol production, especially over areas of conventional crops. Sugarcane straw burning causes several impacts that affect soil and crop productivity. Thus remote sensing products have been used as an information source for estimation of burned vegetation and emissions released during the combustion process. The objective of this study is to use fire radiative power (FRP) and fire radiative energy (FRE) to estimate the amount of biomass consumed in sugarcane straw burning, through a small-scale combustion experiment occurred in Radiometry Laboratory of the National Institute for Space Research. The multiplicative coefficient determined with the thermal camera was 0.534 kg.MJ-1, with a correlation greater than 90% (significant at 0.05 level by student t-test) and approached the results obtained in other similar experiments, even the three small-scale experiments used as a reference be conducted with different plant species. The relationship found was combined with orbital remote sensing data to estimate consumed biomass by fires in the areas of sugarcane in São Paulo State, and it is expected to use results found to estimate biomass consumed in Brazil and South America in the future.Pages: 6612-661
O uso da cartografia escolar para estudos temáticos locativos
No full textThis article aims to (in) form data Thematic Cartography, important work of teaching urban area, with emphasis on geography. For this purpose we developed a sequence for teaching topographical maps that relate some important issues such as topography, elevation, hydrography, dimensions and slope of Pato Branco - Paraná. Reason for this is due to the lack of teaching materials (in) formative work to specific concepts of Geography at the local level, in Elementary Education II, focusing on the locality, to bring scientific information necessary for student learning. The fact that the public textbooks used in schools are national, bring general information, local, depending on the region, is not contemplated. Thinking about this elaborate letters that represent the physical characteristics of the urban area of Pato Branco / PR, with activities that the teacher may have as a basis for their lessons in the process of teaching and learning, with better results. Because students will relate the content with reality didactically.Pages: 2598-260
Temperatura de superfície obtida com técnicas de geoprocessamento
No full textThe research was applied at Córrego Beija Flor watershed, in the cities of Uberlândia and Uberaba, located in the western region of Minas Gerais. The goal is to determine the surface temperature of a watershed from the Landsat 5 satellite image. It has done the land use mapping, which was related to the emissivity values of each use class. These values were applied to the sensor TM band 6, which by the algorithm THERMAL IDRISI has obtained the Brightness Temperature. The Real Temperature was recorded with the Emissivity compensation and the atmosphere effects. The average temperature is 22.9°C and the lowest temperature was between 15°C and 17°C. The highest temperature was 31.4°C. The areas which recorded the lowest temperature were reforestation areas. The higher values were found on wet soils, located in areas of temporary ponds known as murundus fields, possibly because of the organic matter presence, which increases the temperature during the decomposition process in peak of the dry season. The results achieved could be applied in a temporal series of images to determine if there was, in this region, change in temperature during past years during the land use conversion.Pages: 4153-416
Utilização de espectrorradiometria na discriminação de solos oriundos da intecessão Basalto/Arenito no Noroeste do Paraná
No full textThe use of the spectral response of soils has been applied to characterize and discriminate them through its reflected energy. To conduct this study, we used an agricultural area in the Lobato city, situated in the northwest of the Paraná state, whose peculiarity is to localized in a region that presents the intersection of two distinct source materials (basalt and sandstone). Soil samples were collected at two depths at predetermined points in grid, with distance of 500 meters between points. For location of sampling sites was used GPS navigation system. Of the samples collected were analyzed for physical, chemical and spectral, in order to establish the characteristics of soils present and, through statistical analysis, separate classes of soils through its spectral response. The curves were derived from spectral analyzes divided into 22 bands and 13 times higher for discriminant analysis. All soils were hit area exceeding 50%, and the class of Gleissolos presented score of 100%. It was also possible to discriminate between these two classes of soils of higher occurrence through its reflected energy, which are the Latossolos and Argissolos with hits above 75%.Pages: 8988-899
Análise do desmatamento por classe de fitofisionomias nas Bacias dos Rios São Francisco, Jequitinhonha e Pardo, Minas Gerais
No full textBiodiversity loss and climate impacts are major concerns due to increased deforestation of Brazilian ecosystems. Nowadays, the use of satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques along with a Geographic Information System (GIS) are the best tools for mapping and monitoring deforested areas. The objective of this study was to map the deforestation polygons that occurred within the São Francisco, Jequitinhonha and Pardo river basins, located in the state of Minas Gerais - Brazil, during the agricultural year of 2009/2010. To perform the detection of the deforested areas, Landsat 5 TM images were acquired, processed and compared monthly. In order to detect deforested areas we used the NDVI (The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) due to its computational simplicity and well recognized sensitivity to the processes of change in vegetation cover. The vegetation type most degraded was the cerrado (Brazilian savanna), with 22,325 ha deforested, especially in the São Francisco river basin. The results also showed that the number of deforested areas is directly related to the size of the basin, so that the basin that has the largest area is the holder of the greatest number of deforestation polygons. Another important find was the destruction of 78.03 ha of palm swamps, since it is one of the most fragile vegetation types of the Cerrado biome. They exhibit extreme importance to this biome because they are responsible for regulating the flow of the springs between the dry and rainy seasons.Pages: 7368-737
Estudo das incertezas da definição de parâmetros no processo de correção atmosférica
No full textThe objective of this study is to evaluate the various usual parameters in atmospheric correction algorithms applied to remote sensing products in applications for digital image processing. Given the uncertainty of their choice and the difficulty of validation, we sought to examine the importance they have to the result images, as well as the acuity of the spectral response of features such as the vegetation cover to the real world. To this end, it was processed four scenes of the RapidEye sensor in ATCOR2 module of ERDAS IMAGINE 2011, where several tests were prepared with variation of the input data that characterize the sensor and the atmosphere at the time of its passage. As a result, significant differences were found between the original image and the atmospherically corrected ones - especially in the red-edge bands and near infrared - the latter having the spectral curves closer to that expected for the studied features. Regarding targets, those that showed major differences in the several test images were the ones of grass-plot and bare soil. As for the parameters, the greatest inequalities obtained were the fluctuations on the optical depth, especially when it deviates too much from that estimated by the SPECTRA submodule, which ultimately produces noise and is, therefore, the one that needs greater attention.Pages: 1915-192
Classificação sazonal de fragmentos florestais com monodominância de aroeira no município de Tumiritinga, MG
No full textM. urundeuva (Fr. All.) is a tree currently listed as endangered species of Brazilian Flora since 1992, nevertheless, it manifest monodominance in some regions of Minas Gerais state, especially in middle Rio Doce. The aim of this work is to evaluate the maximum likelihood (Maxlike) performances to classify forest fragments monodominated by M. urundeuva at Tumiritinga, Minas Gerais, using RapidEye images in different seasons. The accuracy assessment of thematic maps derived from image classification was made by Kappa and conditional Kappa coefficients and analysis of confusion matrix. Dry and rainy season images produced good performances getting Kappa index between 80 and 85 and conditional Kappa index between 82 and 94. The greatest errors of rainy season image classification for aroeira monominant class were related to the native forest and managed pasture. The greatest errors of dry season image classification for aroeira monominant class were related to the rock outcrop class. The accuracy for aroeira monodominant classification can be improved if you have images by different seasons. However, if its not possible, the dry season image provides the best data to classify forest fragments monodominated by M. urundeuva. The thematic map produced show that 20% of the town is under occupation of M. urundeuva in monodominance and this specie is not endangered in Tumiritinga, Minas Gerais.Pages: 2988-299
Análise histórica da pluma de sedimentos do rio Paraíba do Sul utilizando dados orbitais
No full textSuspended sediments are a major factor affecting water quality in aquatic ecosystems of the world; its monitoring is fundamental in the activities of the environmental management of the coastal areas. In that direction, the basic hypothesis of this work is that the spatial and temporal pattern of coastal plumes of sediments associated to the hydrological regime of the river may be characterized from orbital images of medium spatial resolution. The aim is to map qualitatively the sediments plume of Paraíba do Sul river from the images of Landsat 5 and CBERS-2, from the period between 1985 and 2007. A set of 50 historic images was evaluated. The processing consisted of radiometric correction, georeferencing, supervised classification and extraction of features. Environmental scenarios indicating the qualitative concentration of suspended sediment were generated based on the existence of a strong positive correlation between spectral reflectance in the red range and quantity of suspended particles in the water. The results were related to the historical data of river flow, indicating the strong differentiation between scenarios of high and low river flow. Spatial analysis of the plume river included the pattern of sediments, area, distance from the river mouth and preferred direction over the 23 years studied. Other results are available on the author´s dissertation.Pages: 5397-540
Avaliação de métodos de interpolação de variáveis climatológicas para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Doce
No full textThe knowledge of the physical characteristics of a watershed is essential for their management and conservation. In this aspect, rainfall plays an important role in understanding the process of recharge and water availability. This study aimed to evaluate the kriging interpolation method, and the method of cokriging using altitude data for spatial rainfall in Doce River Basin. The Doce River Basin has an area of 83,400 km2, where 86% of its territory belong to Minas Gerais 14% to the Espírito Santo. We used data of from 95 rainfall stations of the National Water Agency-ANA and the National Institute of Meteorology-INMET. The series was 16 years (1975 to 2005) data have consisted, and 9 those from winter gapes that were filled using the Regional Weighting method. Two densities were measured sampling points of altitude and is 9850 points with one another and with 6450 points. The data presented with normal distribution, and the rainfall showed anisotropy and second order, while the altitude of the first order. The interpolator cokriging in simple exponential model, with the use of 9850 points of altitude, performed better than kriging and cokriging with the lower density of points (6435). For evaluation of errors, cross-validation was more appropriate given the amount of rain gauge stations in the area.Pages: 4193-420
Monitoramento de solos contaminados com hidrocarbonetos em instalações petrolíferas através da espectroscopia de refletância e de imagemento hiperespectral
No full textThis work aims to characterize the spectral signature in the VNIR-SWIR (350 - 2500 nm) interval of hydrocarbon contaminated soils using reflectance spectroscopy and hyperspectral remote sensing. The research involved a controlled experiment where characteristic study area soils were contaminated with different types of HCs, playing on a small-scale contaminated soil in the areas of refineries and pipelines that can present leaks. The spectra investigated here were derived by reflectance spectroscopy in laboratory conditions with the FieldSpec\uae Hi-Res sensor (2150 channels) and extracted from imagery pixels generated by imaging spectroscopy, using the ProSpecTIR-VS hyperespectral sensor (357 channels). Spectral data were analyzed by Hydrocarbon Index (HI), that considerer the feature of hydrocarbons centered at 1.73µm. The results demonstrating that contaminated soils can be qualitative separated from soils without hydrocarbon impregnation. However, the HI also classified vegetation in senescence progress like hydrocarbon-bearing materials. This wrong classification is due that plants in senescence have a similar hydrocarbon feature located at 1.728µm.The results also indicated that HI could be used to estimate the type and volume of hydrocarbon that caused the contamination in the soil.Pages: 8996-900