National Institute for Space Research
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Mapeamento da vulnerabilidade natural à erosão como subsidio ao planejamento ambiental no semiárido Pernambucano
No full textThe lack of knowledge about the natural limitations of the soil in a given area results in their use of indiscriminate and, in the semiarid, the increased erosion due to improper use can contribute to increased risk of desertification. The district of Itacuruba is localized in Sertão of Pernambucos Macro-region and São Francisco Pernambucans Meso-region. The objective of this work was achieve a mapping of the natural vulnerability to erosion as subsidy to planning ecologic-economic-environmental. For the achievement of erosive vulnerability analisiss, the Crepani et als metodology (2001) was used, and, through Geoprocessments technique, were performed mappings geologic, pedologic, climatic, of vegetation, by enhancement vegetation index EVI, and of slope. Values of vulnerability, thats ranged from 1,0 to 3,0, was ascribed to each landscape unit, being 1, where predominates the pedogenesis, 2 for the intermediates and 3, where predominates the morfogenesis. This values of vulnerability was subject to arithmetic average by mapss algebra for production of the natural vulnerability to erosions map. Was possible verify thats the degree of natural vulnerability to erosion of tract wasnt expressive, occurring predominancy of moderatly stable class on 95,27% of tract. The regions more vulnerable are localized in Neosoils realm, more higher slopes and places with exposed soils.Pages: 4761-476
Adaptação metodológica para avaliação da fragilidade ambiental da área de proteção ambiental (APA) municipal das nascentes do rio APA
No full textThis study had for purpose to analyze the environmental fragility of the Area of Environmental Protection (APA) of the Apa river created in agreement with the municipal ordinance 4743/2004, in the municipal district of Ponta Porã in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. The methodological procedures followed two proposed: Empiric analysis of the Fragility of the Natural environment elaborated by Ross (1994) and methodology proposed by Crepani et al., (2001) denominated Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing applied to the Economical Ecological Zoning and Territorial Ordering, in the which was made an adaptation and inserted more one environmental indicator: Areas of Biological Importance (Probio, MMA, 2007) added to the maps of slope, soils and pluviometric intensity. The potential fragility map was added to map land use/land cover through the technique of map algebra through considered overlap originated 4 fragility degrees: lower, average, high, very high. Detaching the use of the indicator of Areas of Biological importance, tends a good acting in the analysis of the environmental fragility as more instrument in the studies of it analyzes environment. That will serve as tools for physical and spatial organization of territorial and especially in decision making by public authorities or private and to assist in developing a sustainable manner without compromising the environment.Pages: 4639-464
Delimitação de áreas inundadas em período de seca e cheia através da transformação Tasseled Cap e classificador Support Vector Machine em imagens Landsat-5 TM
No full textWetlands are ecosystems sensitive to anthropization and responsible for important functions such as stocking and controlling water flow, besides sheltering high numbers of biodiversity. One of the major challenges to the conservation of these environments is the correct delineation of their limits, due to its seasonal inundation. The applications of remote sensing methods is a reliable alternative for delineating these areas, as they allow the mapping of different spectral signatures in the landscape possible, besides allowing the study of inundation dynamics at a relatively low cost. This paper defines wetland limits for a region in the Araguaia basin, at low and high flooding level. A Tasseled Cap transformation of Landsat-5 TM images was used to select, training samples for a supervised classification using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, resulting in a thematic map of the selected classes. The method was efficient for delineating wetlands, making the quantification of wetlands spatial distribution possible at both high and low water periods. During the high water season, wetlands covered about 30% for the studied area. During low water, these areas cover only 3% of the area.Pages: 7086-709
Melhoria da geometria e posicionamento de imagens orbitais de média resolução - Um experimento com dados CBERS-CCD
No full textAs imagens da série de satélites CBERS são distribuídas gratuitamente, mas para utilizá-las é necessário que elas sejam corrigidas geometricamente. Esta correção pode ser realizada de forma manual ou automática. Neste trabalho propomos um método de correção automática que utiliza amostras de referência, a partir das quais é possível localizar pontos de controle, usados para definir os parâmetros do modelo geométrico usado na correção. Para avaliar o método, um conjunto de imagens CBERS foi corrigido usando como referência dados do sensor TM do satélite LANDSAT.Pages: 8048-805
Aptidão edafoclimática da cultura do Mogno Africano para o Estado de Goiás utilizando uma ferramenta SIG
No full textAfrican Mahogany (Kaya ivorensis) have great cultivated areas in North of Brazil, which are localized in the Para State. That species is economically important due to noble wood used to manufacture of furniture. Thus, the information improve about plant response to climate and soil is necessary to obtain the best handling. This arboreal culture did not have theoretical and experimental bases that show the plant development in relation to edaphoclimatic variations. So, this work aimed identify areas in Brazilian savanna, in Goias State, which have the best climate and soil characteristic to African Mahogany growth. Suitable zones to the best development of African Mahogany in Goiás State were determine in function of temperature, water demand and type of soil based from the origin region that species. Geographic Information System (GIS) identified the suitable zones and suitable zones with slight restriction, heavy restriction and completely restrict. The results showed completely restrict zones only in the great part of East region, being the most of state area suitable to growth of African Mahogany. Thus, the development of this culture in the Goiás State can be better planned with the purpose of obtaining higher profitability of this plant species that has a good visibility in the international market.Pages: 60-6
Classificação da Ocupação Urbana por meio de imagens orbitais no suporte ao monitoramento em mesoescala (1: 100.000) com o auxílio da mineração de dados
No full textCurrently there is a great demand for mappings to support environmental and phenomena monitoring of the most varied origins. Geotechnology has given the necessary support in generating coverage maps from satellite images. The GEOBIA has contributed to the development of new mappings since 2000 and requires extensive knowledge of the area of study and statistical descriptors to better differentiate the mapping classes. Thus the aim of this work is to contribute to the classification of urban areas in mesoscale mapping with support of data mining, using based objects classifiers through a case study of the West Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. To this end, we used two satellite scenes LANDSAT5/TM (2000 and 2010) in order to verify the capability of replicating the classification model generated from data mining for years which were compatible with Demographic Census. During the stage of data mining, the used software was Weka 3.6. The descriptors suggested by data mining were NDVI, NIRs average (near infra-red), blues and greens average which were entered into the software Definiens 7.0 to allow based on objects classification, of both dates. Based on the areas calculation, were found some superestimated classes as Urban low intensity. Global accuracy revealed 66,11% accuracy in 2010 mapping. Of the three levels of urban occupation, the High Intensity was the one that obtained the highest accuracy (63,33%) and Vegetation and Water were among all classes (100% e 86,66), those who had higher accuracy due to generalization and homogeneity respectively.Pages: 2337-234
Uso de produtos derivados de sensores orbitais para a modelagem numérica dos processos terrestres
No full textLand use and land cover changes modify the energy balance, air temperature, precipitation, air humidity and regional and global air circulation. Consequently, land use and land cover maps and its physical-chemical and biological properties are an important variable in numerical modeling of earth systems. In this context, this information constitutes an important variable for numerical modeling of earth systems. Therefore, this work has as main objective to investigate the impact of physical-chemical and biological properties of vegetation in numerical simulations of RegCM4 model, such as the leaf area index (LAI), the visible ( 0.7 mm) reflectance used by the Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) by remote sensing products derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard TERRA and AQUA platforms. Thus, the main differences in evapotranspiration simulations concentrated in the northwest of Mato Grosso, in Mato Grosso do Sul and Bolivia (the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands) border, northwestern of Paraguay, River Plate basin in Argentina and northeastern Brazil, mainly due to the substitution of tropical rainforest by croplands, grassland, scrubland vegetation and deciduous forest. Furthermore, the simulated rainfall values of RegCM4 are overestimated for most of South America, causing an excess of water that must be compensated by evaporation.Pages: 6580-658
Aplicações da altimetria espacial para monitoramento hidrológico da bacia do rio Purus
No full textFor certain rivers of the Amazon basin, hydrological information can often be difficult to obtain due to the inaccessibility of the region, the sparse distribution of gauge stations, or the slow dissemination of data. Satellite radar altimeters have the potential to monitor height variations over inland waters. Here, it is shown that the ESA radar altimeter (RA2), currently operating on board the ENVISAT satellite, can successfully track rivers. Time series of relative water level variations and the annual water level hydrograph, for the 8 years of this mission, have been obtained for a selection of the Purus River. The hydrological regime is characterized by a multimodal flood wave, fast rise and slow recession. Drought has occurred during the months of August and October, and the flood has occurred during February to April. The coefficients of variation of the water stage denote lower values upstream while the values much higher downstream reaches. Overall, the altimetry results demonstrate that the ENVISAT mission is successfully monitoring the transient flood waves of this trans-boundary river.Pages: 5785-579
Mapeamento geomorfológico a partir de dados SRTM: bacia hidrográfica do rio dos Sinos, RS
No full textThe geomorphological mapping is an important tool for analysis and synthesis of the relief, and represents the different shapes and sizes of the relief features. Nowadays, the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data are widely distributed and can be used for geomorphological application, becoming an alternative for minimizing costs and time to produce geomorphological maps. The objective of this study is to carry the geomorphological mapping of the Sinos river basin, RS state, Brazil, based on the SRTM data and geoprocessing techniques. The geomorphological mapping was based on the principle of taxonomic hierarchy, identifying, in sequence, the morphostructural and morphosculptural domains, the geomorphological units, the modeled types and the relief forms, and the linear and specific features of the relief. The maps were developed with the supporting of the following materials: i) previous mappings ii) field activities, iii) morphometric variables (slope, altimetry, curvatures, topographical profiles) extracted from the SRTM data. We used, together, an automated method (filter and segmentations) and methods based on visual interpretation of the data to identify the relief forms. Were identified six geomorphological units, four modeled of accumulation, seven modeled of dissection and hundreds of linear or specific features of the relief. Overall, the geomorphological mapping presented coherent and consistent results, considering the previous geomorphological map (scale of 1:250,000), conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. In every taxonomic level, was observed a greater detailing of the features, indicating that the mapping is suitable for scales above to the existing cartography.Pages: 5210-521
Análise bitemporal do Rio Solimões no trecho entre Manacapuru e Manaus (Amazônia Central) por meio de imagens Landsat-5/TM
No full textIn this paper we present a study on the Solimões River between the cities of Manaus and Manacapuru, this area affected by erosion and deposition processes on the river. Some previous studies using remote sensing highlighted the presence of former presence of paleochannels with heterolytic inclined stratification, suggesting that this channel migrated in the past being a meandering river type, as opposed to the current standard stable channel featuring as anastomosed. In this study it was observed that the depositional processes formed small islands and new areas of accretion on the islands and marginal bars. The deposition is associated with decrease of flow velocity in the river water due to the enlargement of the channel, and hence induces the deposition of charge in suspension. In general, the erosion pattern the front areas of the islands and curvature of the channels, this erosion is popularly called "lands drooping". In this work, images Landsat-5/TM of 12/11/1991 and 29/11/2009 amounting to a period of 18 years, making it possible to observe large morphological changes in both river banks and islands. For this study we observed the predominance of depositional processes in relation to erosion, totaling approximately 60,965,847.83 and 51,645,646.19 ² m², respectively. This work may also provide sedimentological data associated with areas of erosion and deposition in the municipalities of Manacapuru and Iranduba, useful for urban planning and land use. Moreover, the generated map can help select appropriate areas for livestock and crops.Pages: 3627-363