National Institute for Space Research
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Epidemiologia Espacial para casos de dengue no Estado do Pará
No full textThis article analyzes the stratification of priority areas of dengue cases in the State of Pará, during 2005 and 2011, using the georeferring and spatial analysis. These data were obtained from the SUS IT Department (DATASUS). The exploratory spatial data analysis is a statistical tool used in this work to generate the visualization through maps and charts, the municipalities of greater occurrences of dengue cases confirmed in the state, and the software used was ArcGIS 10.0 and GeoDa. The spatial analysis techniques global and local Moran, viewed the Box Map served as support for the study. In the study area, the municipalities of Santarém and Belém in 2005 had the highest number of dengue cases, and in 2011 the city of Altamira also happened to be an area of major events for the type of disease. By applying the global Moran index, the study confirmed that there is autocorrelation, in other words an area of high or low frequency of dengue cases are spatially associated with other municipalities in same characteristic for a significance level of 5%, indicating also, certain events have causes, which can be exploited with the use of tools for space exploration multivariate data analysis and other statistical technique. This model showed useful results to public health as the spatial variability of the disease in the State of Pará.Pages: 8538-854
AATSR burned area limitation estimates within the FIRE-CCI project
No full textThe European Satellite Agency (ESA) started a research line towards the development of operational procedures to generate global maps of burnt areas based on data from various European Earth Observation (EO) satellite instruments (AATSR, VGT and MERIS) under the scope of the Fire Disturbance project (Fire-CCI). In this context, the objective of the Round-Robin (R-R) Exercise is to compare the burned area (BA) products of algorithms from different groups and identify the best results. This paper describes INPE burned area approach for the Round Robin exercise of the Fire-CCI project, as part of the cooperation between INPE and the University of Alcalá de Henares, Spain. Our results show the limitations and drawbacks of the provided dataset, which considerably reduces their application over burned areas.Pages: 6893-690
Relações entre caducifolia e reenfolhamento da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual com Lai e ndvi
No full textNutrient cycling is the survival mechanism of natural environments. In regions with dry periods, this phenomenon has greater intensity and variation, which can be detected by remote sensing. This study was intension to know the relationship between the deposition of litter (leaves), Lai and ndvi generated by Landsat and IRS. Permanent plots were installed at 8 forest monitoring sites which were visited monthly to collect measurements of Lai and litter deposited in networks on period of the one year. In this period were obtained and processed Landsat 5 and IRS for geometric and atmospheric correction, and generation of ndvi. The hydric balance was calculated for this period too. The correlations between variables weight of leaves, lai, ndvi, hydric balance, were obtained. The results show this phenomenon can be modeled, but need more research. The tendency of the variables vs. period was explained for the quadratic functions, and many correlations was significant with lai and ndvi. This anabled adjust a regression function. The varied behaviors among the monitoring sites helped know differences at the deposition of leaves detected by remote sensing.Pages: 3443-345
Análise do comportamento de NDVI e NDWI para a cultura da soja no município de Tupanciretã-RS nas safras de 2000-2001 e 2004-2005
No full textIn extreme meteorological events such as the drought, the spectral response of vegetation is presented in a differentiate way. These differences can be noticed by the rates of vegetation. In this context, the study had the objective analyze the behavior of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) of soya culture in the municipality of Tupanciretã (Estate of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil), in distinct periods of crop: with normal precipitation occurrence (2000-2001), and with drought occurrence (2004-2005). The maps generated allowed observe areas most affected, can be utilized for planning of immediate actions in future events, in order of minimization impacts caused by drought anomalies. The results of the rates of vegetation could be matched with the data of agricultural production from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), demonstrating that the responsible organs are unprepared to deal with events of this magnitude, considering that the performance dramatically decreased in the crop that occurred the drought. Key-words: vegetation index; soya culture; drought anomalies; crop production.Pages: 31-3
Geoprocessamento aplicado à análise das concentrações de mercúrio em solos na bacia do rio Mutum Paraná, estado de Rondônia
No full textDue to mineral prospecting activity at Amazon Basin Southwest (Rondonia) a high amount of mercury (Hg), a chemical element extremely harmful to environment and mankind, was released at aquatic, atmospheric and terrestrial regional ecosystems. This fact is becoming a current research object, especially at the environmental matrix soil. The present study had the aim to analyze the spatial variability [Hg] at 17 soil profiles at Mutum Parana River Basin, Rondonia, Brazil. There were used four analysis methods: i) images processing and interpretation, ii) soil morphology description, iii) soil gradation analysis per total dispersion, iv) atomic absorption spectrometry to Hg. At the basin three pedologic classes are predominant: latosoil, argisoil and gleisoil. There were observed median concentrations of 106,62 g.Kg-1 Hg at argisoil profiles, while the gleisoil profiles presented 66,10 g.Kg-1 Hg. The higher Hg concentrations were registered at Mutum Parana river nascent area, distant from the contamination fount. However, at estuary area, where still exists gold prospecting activity, there were registered the lowest Hg levels at soil.Pages: 4129-413
O Nível do Desflorestamento e da Cobertura Vegetal no município de Peixe Boi, Nordeste do Estado do Pará, no período de 2004 e 2008
No full textThe track northeastern state of Para is one of the oldest regions of human occupation in the Brazilian Amazon consists of areas with marked degree of human disturbance. In this context the use of satellite images becomes an important tool to classify areas, thereby controlling deforestation. The scenes Landsat/TM-5 were obtained from orbit/point 223/61, 13/07/2008 and 04/09/2004 passages were used bands 3, 4 and 5, After classification of these images by PDI software , it was found that there was a reduction of 5.24% of the vegetated area, somewhere around 23.6243 km ², in the time interval from 2004 to 2008.Pages: 5194-520
Modelagem da evapotranspiração em áreas de floresta tropical amazônica
No full textTropical rainforests are a major source of terrestrial evapotranspiration, playing an important role in global hydrology and atmospheric circulation. Predict accurately evapotranspiration in tropical biomes is a significant challenge to our understanding of climate dynamics, terrestrial water balance, terrestrial ecosystems productivity and even partitioning mass and energy between surface and atmosphere. Estimates of evapotranspiration at the 1 km spatial resolution are now produced operationally for the global terrestrial surface using MODIS remote sensing data through MOD16 algorithm. Ground-based measurements of energy fluxes at flux tower sites installed in tropical biomes offer opportunities for validating MOD16 products. Here we examined such comparisons in the Amazon forest at 8 sites. We computed a six-year mean against a water balance over the Amazon basin as well. Intercomparison of the monthly MOD16 estimates of evapotranspiration yielded correlations from 0.10 to 0.69 and averaged root mean squared error of 37%. MOD16 algorithm tended to be less accurate at misclassified sites the algorithm is coupled to land use and land cover information and misclassification leads to the selection of wrong parameters for vapor pressure deficit and minimum air temperature for stomatal conductance constraints, resulting in less accurate ET estimates. Comparison of the six-year average annual ET over the Amazon basin resulted in a mean error of 11\ub16% or 118\ub160 mm yr-1. MOD16 estimated an Amazonian wide-basin evapotranspiration of 1181 mm yr-1. Our results indicate significant potential for regional mapping and monitoring evapotranspiration using MODIS remote-sensed information.Pages: 5459-546
Os impactos do cultivo de arroz irrigado sobre as áreas úmidas da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande do rio Gravataí - RS
No full textThe Enviromental Protection Area (EPA) of Banhado Grande is an important wetland area in Rio Grande do Sul, which is significantly altered. Since the 40s, the basin has been heavily occupied by agricultural area for rice cultivation, draining their flooded areas, turning waterways into a grid of irrigation canals. Some of the problems associated with rice irrigation also refers to the lack of control over the use of river water for this purpose. With the objective of quantify and identify the areas occupied by rice cultivation along a temporal serie of images on the EPA of Banhado Grande, aiming to evaluate the possible impacts on the wetland areas, through remote sensing techniques was conducted the mapping of rice cultivation areas. Also was defined the Banhado Grande system as the area bounded by altimetric elevation of 20 meters. The mapping was developed by visual interpretation of the images, besides analyzing the spectral behavior patterns as shape and texture. Were created relationships between the land use and occupation and the rice cultivation in this area of environmental conservation, where there is change in the size of the original wetlands, caused by the implementation of irrigation canals for rice cultivation,by the land use management through crop rotation, by intensifying production in areas with higher water availability and improper cultivation of rice in areas of wetlands, impacting the flora and fauna, and its regulatory capacity in the Gravataí river flow.Pages: 447-45
Uso de perfilamento a laser na delimitação de áreas de preservação permanente de curso d´água: estudo de caso na área de regularização fundiária de interesse específico Arniqueira - Brasília/Distrito Federal - Brasil
No full textThis article presents the results of applying the technology of laser profiling of permanent preservation areas (APP) in the delimitation of the river as an environmental management tool. For this, a case study in the area of regularization of specific interest (ARINE) Arniqueira, located in Brasília / Distrito Federal - Brazil. Urbanization onsite promoted changing the landscape of landfill and channeling of waterways, we performed an analysis with multitemporal aerophotogrammetric survey of 1991 to determine the hydrographic. To complete this work, we used the technology of laser profiling, because in some places the route of the water course was difficult to identify due to the size of the riparian forest. To solve this problem, took advantage of the point cloud of high density emitted from the laser sensor to identify the profile of the watercourse, as well as the distance between their slopes. Thus, the accuracy of the data generated by the laser was essential to map the buildings that meet environmental liabilities and objects that will be demolished in the process of regularization of ARINE study. The results showed that it is an innovative and environmentally correct, as provided in the geodata for accuracy demarcation of APPs and served as a decision-making to local managers.Pages: 4419-442
Proposing an improved routine for quantifying and forecasting fire incidence in Amazonia using remote sensing information
No full textTropical forest fires are one of the most pressing environmental problems of the 21st century. In Amazonia, fire frequency has increased during the last decade as a consequence of climate variability and prolonged dry seasons (1998, 2005 and 2010 droughts) and human activities. To contribute with the monitoring and mitigation of these fire events, the objective of this paper is to propose a new routine for predicting fire probabilities in Amazonia using information derived from satellite products and field data. Our method is based on weights-of-evidence statistics, which allows the calculation of fire probabilities based on the explanatory power of the driving variables. It takes advantage of the wide range of freely available spatially-explicit products, on deforestation, degradation, land cover, fire incidence, rainfall and sea surface temperature. The modelling routine is divided in 4 stages: (1) Spatial Planning, (2) Anticipated Temporal Action, (3) Immediate Temporal Action, and (4) Monitoring. In this paper we present the model concept and some examples of the input datasets. Our method is based on the state of our knowledge on the drivers of fire occurrence, to produce a method that is scientifically relevant for analysing and predicting fire patterns, but also relevant for policy applications for preventing and mitigating fire problems in Amazonia. By combining historical and short-term drivers of the temporal and spatial variation of fire incidence in a unique model, we expect to significantly improve prediction power of fire occurrence.Pages: 6783-679