National Institute for Space Research
Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPENot a member yet
6175 research outputs found
Sort by
Incorporação do conhecimento através da lógica fuzzy para a classificação de imagem óptica
No full textIn mapping by digital image processing, computational algorithms are used in the automatic identification of targets and classifiers are based on pixel by pixel or by regions. The classification by regions is performed in two steps: image segmentation and classification itself. The analysis of image-based object (OBIA) also consists of two stages, such as classification by regions, the distinction is in the classification. As the images are structured in objects that have their own identity, you can extract other descriptors like texture, shape, topological relations with neighboring objects, hierarchical relationship between levels of targeting, and others. Thus, this work aims to analyze how the object-based classification can improve the result of classification of land cover and use in image SPOT 5 HRG sensor. The image segmentation was performed using multi-resolution algorithm, in which two criteria are used to describe the separation of objects and characterize the different segments: standard color (spectral) and the criterion of the form (smoothing and compactness). After segmentation, followed by the establishment phase of the knowledge base on which was based on the concept of fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic proved to be an appropriate tool for modeling knowledge, allowing the consideration of dubiousness in the process that associates the given object to a certain category.Pages: 8208-821
Comparação entre dois Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (ArcGIS e gvSIG) na elaboração de um mapa de potencialidade para a silvicultura baseado em elementos do meio físico-a bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul (Porção Paulista)
No full textThis study sought to compare two Geographic Information System (GIS) to produce a Potentiality Map for Silviculture in order to evaluate the process of the physical environment as accelerated erosion and landslides. The study area comprises Paraíba do Sul Basin (Sao Paulo portion) which is a important one in Brazil linking Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro cities. This physical environment analysis was made considering the maps of geology, geomorphology and pedology at a regional scale. Map algebra tools were used to produce Silculture Potentiality maps using a scale factor that ranges from higher (factor 5) to lower (factor 1) potential for erosional and landslides processes. A proprietary software (ArcGIS) and a free software (gvSIG) were used to produce the final maps. Using ArcGIS\uae software, about 80% of the area was considered as having high and medium potential for planting eucalyptus regarding geotechnical conditions. On the other hand, 20% of the total area is less suitable for the planting of eucalyptus (condition of low or inadequate capability). Using the gvSIG about 90% of the area was considered as having high and medium potential for forestry. About 10% was characterized as little or less suitable for cultivating eucalyptus plantations. The results obtained in both the GIS can be used as a tool for the selection of best areas for planting silviculture and avoid those ones with large erosional and landslide potential.Pages: 5147-515
Combining satellite-derived products and geo-spatial health information for assessing the impacts of drought conditions on children's respiratory diseases in the Brazilian Amazon
No full textIt is generally acknowledged that climate change will have an impact on human health, however within a region as vast as the Amazon; research on the topic is scarce. This study analyses the impacts of the 2005 drought on respiratory diseases in children under five years of age. Satellite observations of rainfall, active fires and aerosol were used to assess the extent of the drought, and hospitalisation data was used to establish general trends and changes during the drought. We identified critical areas of the 2005 drought, and established the peak period of respiratory diseases over a ten year period (2001-2010).Throughout the basin respiratory diseases for children under five years of age peaked at the end of the wet season. The 2005 drought affected south-west Amazonia; during this period increases in active fires were recorded. In Acre in 2005 the peak of respiratory diseases shifted to later in the year corresponding with the peak of the drought. Critical areas of drought were explored in more detail at a micro-region and municipality level. Aerosol is the main driver influencing respiratory disease hospitalisations during July, August, September period of 2005. During this period hospitalisations for respiratory diseases in children under five years of age increased 54% in Acre, 99% in Rio Branco, & 195% in Porto Acre in relation to the ten year mean.Pages: 8568-857
Evolução temporal do NDVI na bacia do Rio Piabanha/RJ
No full textThe vegetation is related, by most people, at first, with functions of cultural and psychological satisfaction, and, in a second stage, with physical and biological functions. In addition, vegetation greatly affects people's lives and the planning of cities, beyond the merely aesthetic or sentimental value. Moreover, multispectral satellite images allow to register the terrestrial surface characteristics, including, for example, the visible, infrared and microwave parts of the eletromagnetic spectrum. The results of the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and the Earth´s surface discriminate different surface cover types and land uses, particularly with regard to the evolutionary behavior of vegetation. In this study, we used Landsat 5-TM remotely sensed images acquired in 2000 and 2011 for the river basin Piabanha RJ focusing on the analysis of vegetation activity through the use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). It was noted, among other things, the feasibility of mapping and identifying the changes in vegetation from the map of the differences between NDVI values obtained along the period between 2000 and 2011, with further developments under the perspective of water resources availability for the studied region.Pages: 1556-156
Características espectrais de solos aluviais submetidos à salinização
No full textThis study aims to develop a methodology for identifying problems with soil salinity and sodicity in irrigated areas of the semiarid, using hyperspectral remote sensing. The study area was the Irrigation Perimeter of Morada Nova being cultivated for 40 years and they have problems of salinity. Part of saline soil collected in the area received treatment with gypsum and washing to remove the salt present and the remainder kept under natural condition. Using NaCl, CaCl and MgCl solutions were prepared in five levels of electrical conductivity which were applied on the soil samples simulating irrigation process and drying by evaporation. With a spectroradiometer (FieldSpec Pro FR 3) readings of the samples were performed. The correction gypsum had an effect improving chemical characteristics and by increasing the reflectance of the soil over the entire spectrum. The NaCl had the highest reflectance (pure salt) when it was added to the soil did not transfer this characteristic to the samples. Analyzing the absorption characteristics of the spectrum along with the Continuous removal was not possible to find a relationship between absorption bands with the level of soil salinity. When analyzing reflectance characteristics along the spectrum was observed that there was an increase in the samples treated with albedo plaster as it increases the salt concentration of the soil and the opposite was observed for untreated samples.Pages: 8940-894
Classificação espectro-temporal para identificação de extensas áreas de culturas agrícolas empregando imagens MODIS
No full textA methodology that takes into account a multitemporal multispectral analysis applied to MODIS images in order to classify croplands in a region of Limeira-SP, southeast of Brazil is presented. This paper presents a comparative study of two different classifiers (Artificial Neural Network and Maximum Likelihood), two interpolators (Collocation and Polynomial Trend Surface) and with three reference images obtained using a resampling method, using a digitizing one and neighborhood operation, which consists of the elimination of pixels with neighborhood with high variation on the digital level. The experiment was conduced by applying the Spectral Temporal Response Surface (STRS) approach. Results show that the neural networks give the best results, even with a few reference data of sample. The results also present the importance of generate a high quality reference image.Pages: 1540-154
O uso de geotecnologias para capacitar discentes e servidores municipais da região sul de Mato Grosso em Cadastro Territorial Multifinalitário
No full textSome historical movements as Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution were crucial for urban development. In this context, there were overcrowded cities, poor sanitation and health. The multipurpose cadastre becomes indispensable for proper preparation of territorial planning. The register is very important to data connection economic, social, environmental, legal, physical and environmental parcels in the urban or rural area. The multipurpose cadastre becomes indispensable for proper preparation of territorial planning. The register is very important to data connection of economic, social, environmental, legal, physical and environmental parcels in the urban or rural area. The completion of the registration also involves monitoring the government's plans, with constant updating of a database, the municipality is not subject to a geographical disorder. With the challenge to qualify and train managers of municipalities the Ministry of Cities in 2003 created the National Training Program for Cities. In 2009, the institution Guidelines for Creation, Institution and Master Update Multipurpose Territorial (CTM) in Brazilian Municipalities happens. This work presents data from the routine implementation of training program on territorial multipurpose cadastre of students and municipal employees in southern state of Mato Grosso held at the Federal University of Mato Grosso in Rondonopolis - Mato Grosso in 2012. With the use of geotechnology administrative bodies, being public or private, can get more details regarding the municipality facilitating their management in various departments.Pages: 1099-110
Análise do índice MPRI como indicador vegetativo através da correlação do mesmo com o índice NDVI
No full textThis paper presents an evaluation the MPRI index (Modified Photochemical Reflectance Index) as an indicator of vegetation by correlating the same with the NDVI index. The NDVI is based on the normalized difference of the bands of the regions of red and infrared, as most the vegetations index. For MPRI are considered only information in the region of visible, being replaced the band of the infrared region by the band of the green region. This study used three satellite images of Landsat-5 TM sensor to calculate the NDVI and MPRI index and the correlation among the same. The results show that the MPRI can be used to enhance the response of vegetation relative to the soil soon may be used for applications involving the change between soil and vegetation. An important factor for the use of vegetation index using only the information from the visible region is the imaging that does not acquire information in the infrared region. Example of these imaging are UAVs which are beginning appear in the Brazilian market and its payload are conventional compact cameras that not captures information in the infrared region. Some UAVs provide solutions for capturing images in the infrared region but it is necessary to emphasize that choose these solutions can mean an increase in the investment to be made.Pages: 8254-826
Comparação da exatidão de métodos de classificação supervisionada e não supervisionada a partir do índice Kappa na microbacia do Ribeirão Duas Águas em Botucatu/SP
No full textThis study aims to compare the accuracy between the methods of supervised classification MAXVER and unsupervised CLUSTER with the kappa index in the watershed of Ribeirão Duas Águas in Botucatu/SP. From that goal, we can understand what the best method to accomplish the classification of types of use in the area of study, as well as define the best procedure for the improvement on the environmental planning. Its been used the software Idrisi 15- The Andes Edition for this goal, and several papers about the theme, and the observation after the study is that, for this situation, the best method to do it is the supervised classification MAXVER, because of its best accuracy in the methodology of work and the intervention of the user to determinate the training sites of each class of land use.Pages: 4093-410
SIG como ferramenta de mapeamento das formas de uso e ocupação do solo na APA Igarapé São Francisco, Rio Branco, Acre
No full textThe mapping of land use, vegetation and environmental impacts using the tools offered by GIS contribute to monitor and plan activities that damage the environment. This study was conducted at the Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA Igarapé São Francisco, in Rio Branco, AC, and aimed to map out the main forms of land use and cover to evaluate its current status. We used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to perform the classification from digital satellite image Landsat-5/TM classes and their use and occupation of the study area. The definition of the main classes of use and occupation of land was determined after prior knowledge of the area by survey control points and visual interpretation of satellite imagery. Revealed the presence of the predominant use of pastures (55.2%) within the APA. The second class was the most significant vegetation category (40.4%), followed by other classes, secondary vegetation, logging, water bodies and urban areas, which have not come to occupy more than 5% of the total area. The native vegetation is giving rise to the formation of areas for livestock cattle for creating and planting of subsistence crops on a small scale. Studies on this issue will serve as support for dynamic monitoring of environmental impacts and benefits for decision making and environmental planning APA Igarapé São Francisco.Pages: -472