National Institute for Space Research
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Análise da regeneração florestal na Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes, Estado do Acre, Brasil
No full textForest regeneration is an important process of dynamic use and land cover in the Amazon. The forest restoration occurs after natural disturbance with falling trees and / or by human action, after deforestation for agriculture, livestock, timber, among others. Protected areas have played role in reducing deforestation, however are not exempt from this dynamic, having as its main drivers of deforestation, the livestock farming and the agriculture on a small scale. The objective of this study was to identify areas of forest regeneration in Extractive Reserve Chico Mendes (RESEX) in Acre until 2010. We used four scenes TM5 (002/67 and 002/68 of 23 July 2010 and orbit / point 003/67 and 003/68 of June 28, 2010), processed by software automatic classification of satellite images CLASlite 3.0 (Landsat Analysis System - Lite) only in the area of deforestation from 1988 to 2010 provided by the Central Unit of GIS and Remote Sensing of Acre (UCEGEO). The results showed that of the 57,650 ha deforested in RESEX Mendes, 36% are in various stages of regeneration. The period from 2003 to 2005 was identified as the highest rate of forest regeneration, ranging from 54 to 57%, and the average annual percentage of 44% in RESEX Chico Mendes. CLASlite proved to be a potential tool for monitoring the dynamics of land use in the Amazon, aiding in decision making for sustainable development.Pages: 3126-313
Expansão da Agricultura Irrigada por Pivô Central no Cerrado entre os anos de 1984 e 2008
No full textThis paper aims to evaluate the expansion of agricultural areas irrigated using central pivot system in the São Desidério municipality, in the period 1984 to 2008. Time series images from PRISM/ALOS and LANDSAT/TM sensors were used in the description of agricultural expansion over time. The images were co-registered and classified by visual interpretation in order to obtain land-use maps over time. These irrigated agricultural areas were quantified and analyzed over time. This kind of irrigation system in agriculture was introduced after 1984 in São Desidério. Between 1988 and 1992 the number of central pivots increased significantly, from 11 to 122. This fast expansion between 1988 e 1992 occurred at a rate of 2.581 hectares per year. From 1992 to 2004 the expansion rate was lower but the irrigated areas continued expanding with an average growth of 841 hectares per year. After 2004 this expansion rate began to increase again, reaching 1.368 hectares per year between 2004 and 2008. Up to 1996 the central pivot irrigation systems installed in São Desidério were scattered all around. From 1996 on these installations started to concentrate in the central area of São Desidério.Pages: 712-71
Arquitetura e desafios de uma Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais para setores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
No full textGeographic data have become increasingly important in meeting the demands of knowledge management, but a structuring of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) presents difficulties, for instance, the adaptation of old data, metadata retrieval and utilization of nonstandard data. The academy has been discussing the importance of SDI on different levels of detail. However few projects are made to constitute IDE's within the academy. The present work, still in development, discusses the importance of an SDI to standardize and mainly qualify the receipt and dissemination of spatial data. The objective is to meet to the LABGIS and subsequently the network of libraries of the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). For the construction of SDI, was chosen as the pilot project LABGIS: PADCT Project - Estudo Ambiental como Subsídio ao Ordenamento Territorial Através de Análise de Caso: Município de Teresópolis (1996-2000). The process has of the following steps: survey of reports and papers, conceptual and logical modeling, control of data quality and metadata. The decrease of the distance between what the university produces and what organs policy makers and the public have access is an item to consider the adoption of an SDI. With direct access to the servers that store spatial data, users can import the data into standardized formats and use them directly.Pages: 2525-253
Classificação da cobertura do solo urbano na área costeira de São Luís-MA, utilizando imagens do Satélite WorldView-II e técnicas de mineração de dados
No full textUrban areas are characteristic spaces under dynamic changes, with problems related to planning land cover. Such areas are especially fragile when they are located in coastal regions with mangrove vegetation and dune ecosystems. Remote sensing information and data mining techniques allow the automatic extraction of important information for planning and urban management issues of such areas. Data processing of the new high resolution remote sensing satellite systems considers the GEOBIA paradigm. In this study data from the WorldView-2 satellite. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of these datasets for the classification of land cover in urban coastal areas. Two test-sites were considered at the northern section of São Luís city (Maranhão State, Brazil). Initially, tests were made with a classification model, considering only those tools implemented at the InterIMAGE classification software.Pages: 1151-115
Utilização do modelo HAND para o mapeamento de bacias hidrográficas em ambiente de Cerrado
No full textThis paper shows the application of HAND model in a watershed located in Cerrado environment, in a macro and micro scale. HAND model was applied used diferentes thresolds and the results were classified according to four classes with hydrological significance. The HAND was calibrated based on the drainage network and the measurements performed in the groundwater field. In the small watershed 26 piezometers were installed throughout the basin for groundwater monitoring. The HAND model showed viable to represent the basin drainage, located in Cerrado environment, with most areas with high altitudes compared to the hydrography of the ANA. A problem was that in some regions the length of the drainage was less than the real, defining points of source in inappropriate places, but its a small error if we consider the magnitude of the watershed.Pages: 5568-557
Uso de Técnicas de análise espacial de dados: estudo de distribuição da soja no Estado do Maranhão
No full textThis study used a spatial geographic data areas, focusing on the spatial distribution of the soybean crop in the Maranhão state in the period from 2003 to 2012, based on Municipal Agricultural Production PAM / IBGE data, revenue budget and harvested area by municipality. We used the Grimson and Scan methods, with the aim of grouping the areas of the municipalities in regions with adjacent space and similarities. We sought to identify possible spatial clusters and evaluate the spatial relationship of adjacency between the municipalities with the largest areas of soybeans. The results indicated that the southern of Maranhão state had higher probability of spatial clustering of soybean, but from the year 2006 comes a new frontier in the northeast area of the state. It was concluded that these two areas are concentrated soybean in the state, with a significance level of 5%.Pages: 5234-524
Uso de técnicas de processamento de imagens orbitais Aster e Landsat 5 TM para identificação de aquífero fraturado na porção sudoeste da Suíte Granítica Caçapava do Sul, RS
No full textThis research involved hydrogeological and structural geology in the Caçapava do Sul city. Was conducted a study of an area for drilling wells, due to lack of water, especially during periods of drought that has a higher recurrence in recent years. The objective of this research was to identify fractures with potential aquifer, located on part of the Granitic Suite Caçapava do Sul (GSCS), using satellite images Landsat 5 TM, Aster, Global Positioning System (GPS), and integrated the field survey with structural geology. With the remote sensing data were obtained the structural lineaments of the study area. The SPRING 4.2 was the software for Geographic Information System (GIS) used to doing the data base. The structural analysis enabled the identification of two preferential directions NW-SE and NE-SW. The NW-SE directions are the lineaments of lower density but with higher length, identified by statistical treat of merging images of Landsat 5 TM and Aster. The directions of the NE-SW lineaments are greater in number, but with shorter length compared with the NW-SE. The cross-faults were used to identify an ideal area for well drilling tubular. The use the technique of digital image processing, together with the structural analysis of field allowed to identify faults and structural lineaments with the possible presence of water, facilitating location and reducing of risk localization to chose the best place to drill.Pages: 3619-362
Mapeamento Temporal das Áreas Urbanas no Eixo Brasília-Anápolis-Goiânia através dos Sensores Orbitais DMSP/OLS e Landsat 5 - TM
No full textThe Brasília-Anápolis-Goiânia axis concentrates one of the most important centers of economic development and biotechnology in Brazil, in a corridor with an accelerated urban development in the last decades. In this context, the remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring this phenomena, normally related to spatial and temporal dynamics transformations in the landscape, with anthropogenic and / or natural factors. This study aims to compare two methods to mapping urban areas, with sensors with low and medium spatial resolution. Thus, we employed DMSP/OLS and Landsat 5 - TM temporal imagery, between the years 1989 and 2010. The preliminary results show good results with either DMSP and Landsat imagery, through the use of visual RGB composition with bands 5, 4 and 3, and using the spectral enhancement techniques in DMSP images, to minimize spectral information redundancy and enhancing thereby the visual discrimination between targets with the composition RGB and Principal Component Analysis (from stable_light bands, cf-CVG and avg-VIS). With use of DMSP images, we observed the possibility of obtaining the delimitation of urban localities whose population is above 19,000 inhabitants. And with Landsat 30 m spatial resolution, in 1989 and 2010, it was possible to map locations of low urban population.Pages: 1642-164
A expansão da cultura de eucalipto na região do Vale do Paraíba entre 1995 e 2010 e sua relação com as características hidrológicas da bacia
No full textThis paper is a temporal analysis of the silviculture in Vale do Paraíba Paulista - one of the most industrialised regions of Brazil, where large patches of Mata Atlântica are found - and its consequences to the local watershed. Initially, we obtained LANDSAT 5 images from 1995 and 2010. Once selected, the images were processed and classified using the Geographic Information System - SPRING. The images were divided into three major classes, using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), non-forest, forest and transition, in order to facilitate the classification. Once the images have been edited and remapped, we obtained land use and land cover maps 1995 e 2010. After that, Digital Elevation Models were generated with the TerraHydro software, in this, three classes were obtained: Lowlands, Hillsides and Hilltops. With ArcMap, intersections between silviculture areas and Digital Elevation classes obtained with TerraHydro were done. Then, we examined data from the IBGE Agricultural Census, with the data obtained by classifying land use and land cover. There was an increase in the area covered by silvicultures by the order of 42 thousand hectares to more than 60 thousand. The planting on hilltops increased from 25% to 27% and silviculture in hillsides remained with 47% of the total, while planting in lowland areas has reduced proportionately (2%).Pages: 7608-761
Modelo espectral de estimativa da produção da soja no Mato Grosso
No full textAgricultural forecasts require accurate and near real-time information in order to be used by decision makers from the agribusiness sector. The state of Mato Grosso is the largest soybean producer in Brazil so that the attainment of reliable and timely estimates of soybean crop area is very important. The objective in this study was to evaluate the performance of a coupled model for crop area and crop production estimates, at an adequate temporal and spatial resolution. Production estimates were obtained combining the MODIS Productivity Detection Model (MPDM) designed for productivity estimates with the previously validated algorithm of crop area estimate, MODIS Crop Detection Algorithm (MCDA). The resulting production estimates were compared to official agricultural statistics from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and from the National Company of Food Supply (CONAB), at different levels for the 2003/2004 to 2010/2011 cropping years. At the state level, the lowest deviation was observed in 2004 (-2.17%) and the highest in 2006 (7.24%). Combining all cropping years at the municipality level, estimates were highly correlated R2=0.96 with official statistics from IBGE. Validation data collected during field campaign were used for comparison of production with R2=0.74 for 2003/2004 to 2006/2007 cropping years. Comparisons of interpolated maps of productivity based on MPDM estimates and IBGE data, showed a visual similarity in their spatial distribution. Time-series analysis of production estimates indicate great potential at state, municipality and crop level, with the advantage of providing anticipated spatial information prior to the soybean harvest.Pages: 44-5