National Institute for Space Research
Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPENot a member yet
6175 research outputs found
Sort by
Analise do comportamento de modelagem 3D
No full text(mínimo 200 e máximo 250 palavras) O estudo da geoecologia da paisagem tem ganhado cada vez mais importância devido a crescente relação sociedade e natureza, principalmente no século XXI, onde alterações substanciais estão ocorrendo no mundo em decorrência de questões econômicas, sociais, políticas e culturais o que em muito explica a ascensão e o declínio de determinadas nações. Esses estudos tem sido realizados com o auxílio da técnica de geoprocessamento juntamente com as ferramentas de sistemas de informações geográficas - SIG's. Entretanto, alguns apontamentos vem sendo realizados a partir da utilização da técnica de geoprocessamento, onde um delas é a desconsideração da dimensionalidade do relevo. Assim, é de grande importância a geração de modelos digitais de elevação - MDE (superfície modelada - 3D) como forma de representar a superfície, pois ele fornece uma melhor estimativa da área analisada do que a área da superfície planimétrica (2D), principalmente para áreas com grande variação altimétrica (Fernandes et al., 2012). Em tempos pretéritos sabe-se da dificuldade de se representar a área da superfície 3D no papel, mas hoje com o advento das geotecnologias isso vem de forma a facilitar as representações. A técnica de geoprocessamento juntamente com as ferramentas de SIG, trouxeram uma maior capacidade de armazenamento, análise e manipulação de dados geográficos. E é nesse sentido que o trabalho se orientará, no estudo da relação entre a área de superfície planimétrica (2D) e a superfície modelada (3D), pois é um importante parâmetro para a análise e estudos, pois ele fornece uma melhor estimativa da área analisada/estudada do que a área da superfície planimétrica.Pages: 5139-514
Avaliação multitemporal da dinâmica de uso e ocupação do solo nas imediações do estuário da RESEX Marinha Baía do Iguape: Realidade e Perspectivas para o gerenciamento
No full textThe diversity of tools and possibilities offered by GIS techniques and remote sensing have exerted a transformative role in the methodologies previously used by academic institutions, mainly in issues related to antropic impact studies in the land surface. From this perspective, the present study aimed to analyze the variation multitemporal the use and occupation of land nearby of the Marine Extractive Reserve Iguape Bay, Federal Conservation Unit, located between the municipalities of Cachoeira and Maragogipe in the state of Bahia, in the periods of 2000 to 2010. For this finality, were analyzed images provided by INPE through of the satellite LANSAT 5, which were processed by the technique of pixel segmentation, using the Idrisi software, version 14.0-1987/2003, followed by a supervised vectoring in the ArcGis program, version 10.1, and objective comparison of the changes caused over time from the Dynamica EGO 1.4 software. As a result, was evidenced a small increase in the anthropized areas with destination to the activities of pastures and agriculture, as well as decrease of forest environments and mangrove in the investigated unit. From the foregoing, it is highlighted that, according to the results achieved, the need for greater attention and oversight by the management bodies of this RESEX, as well as stimulating and maintaining of the sustainable practices developed by the of the traditional population of the region, in order to conserve the resources of this ecosystem of great environmental relevance.Pages: 5428-543
Estimativa da Incerteza de um Modelo Digital de Elevação por Meio de uma Análise de Agrupamento
No full textThis paper presents a method to define the distribution of clusters of statistically high values of uncertainty in a DEM using Cluster Analysis. The method requires that more than one DEM be available for the area. If there are more than one value for the same position, a statistical analysis can be executed and used to create a map with clusters of high and low uncertainty in elevation values. The main applications of the generated map are the ones where simulations are executed and different scenarios are compared to support decision-making. The simulation results can be analyzed with the uncertainty map to indicate if the results are reliable or if a better DEM should be used. In addition, the uncertainty map may indicate that the critical areas are related to areas of low uncertainty; therefore, even if the map quality is not good overall, it is good in the critical areas. The study case is the DEM of a region in Sao Paulo State in Brazil, with heterogeneous terrain features. The uncertainty maps is created using SRTM, ASTER G-DEM and IBGE elevation data.Pages: 4616-462
Monitoramento Ambiental através de Rede de Sensores Sem Fio de Baixo Custo
No full textA Wireless Sensor Network is presented in this paper. It is designed for monitoring Temperature, Relative Humidity and Atmospheric Pressure. The network contains four sensor nodes which perform measurements and transmit them through a ZigBee\uae Network and a coordinator node which gathers all measurement data, stores them into a Flash Card and provides them through a HTML page accessed through an IP address. The coordinator also checks the signal transmission power from each sensor and registers it. It also has a real-time clock to stamp all measurements with the actual date it comes from the sensor nodes. The data from each sensor node are stored through a file in a SD/MMC card. The network uses 32-bit microcontrollers to enhance data processing and interface with peripherals, such as sensors with digital output. The sensor nodes use a Temperature and Humidity sensor from Sensirion and a Barometric Pressure sensor from Freecale. The microcontroller (especially for the node) also performs a deep power management to save energy from the battery. Tests performed with a prototype version in a instrumented tower in the Amazon rainforest, with an atmospheric balloon and autonomy tests for the sensor nodes demonstrate the network can be applied to Environmental Monitoring at a low cost deployment.Pages: 1908-191
Detecção de mudanças em imagens multitemporais de sensoriamento remoto empregando support vector machines
No full textIn this paper we investigate a semi-supervised approach to change detection in remote sensing multitemporal image data by applying Support Vector Machines (SVM) techniques. The proposed methodology is based on the difference between fraction images produced in two different dates. In images of natural scenes the difference in the fractions such as vegetation and bare soil occurring in two different dates tend to present a distribution symmetric about the origin. This fact can be used to model two overlapping multivariate Normal distributions: change, no-change. The Expectation-Maximization algorithm (EM) is implemented to estimate the parameters (mean vector, covariance matrix and a priori probability) associated with these two distributions. Random samples are extracted from these two distributions and used to train a SVM classifier in this semi-supervised approach. The proposed methodology is tested by using sets of multitemporal TM-Landsat multispectral image data covering the same scene in two different dates. The results are compared with the other procedures, including the available field observations.Pages: 8301-830
Aplicabilidade do Sensoriamento Remoto na Leitura de Estimativas da Evolução da Cobertura da Terra: Uma Contribuição aos Estudos das Paisagens da Baixada Fluminense
No full textThe changes in the use and occupation of land are identified in many studies as environmental forcings resulting in changes, especially regarding the involution of environmental quality and changes in landscape. Notably the techniques of remote sensing has provided a significant advance in this type of analysis, so this article aims to map and analyze changes in patterns of land use in the Baixada Fluminense between 1986 and 2011, using for it images of TM Landsat 5, available at INPE. To improve this analysis, socioeconomic data, provided by the IBGE and FJP, was used too. How result we can point that the urban process was significant for the reconfiguration of this area.Pages: 7093-710
Análise da influencia dos parâmetros de iluminação de cena e sombreamento do relevo em índices de vegetação pela diferença normalizada
No full textThe aim of this paper was the evaluate the effects the scene lighting parameters allies the interference of wavy/strong wavy relief in the values of vegetation indices in pastures and water-bordering vegetation areas. Orbital images were collected from the sensor TM - Landsat-5 which were georeferenced considering the cartographic standard accuracy A. Subsequently was performed the atmospheric correction and obtained the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Based on the lighting parameters of the scene, the hillsides of the study area were classified conforming the solar incidence angle at the time of obtaining the orbital images. The NDVI values regarding of the unenlightened hillsides samples showed up on average 4% lower when compared to the lighted hillsides samples. In view of this, the slope of the study area, the amplitude of the ground and the shading of areas generated by the solar incidence angle are important factors in determining the spectral response of identical objects in the same scene. These factors, when not considered in the monitoring and biomass estimate and vegetable productivity obtained from remote sensing products, induce results that do not reflect real values, hampering agricultural production estimates. Therefore, one can conclude that the combination of regions of high slope and altitude range together with orbital images with at medium to low values of azimuth and solar elevation, provides different spectral data of identical targets in one same scene.Pages: 231-23
Aplicação de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) na quantificação e qualificação da violência em Goiânia-GO
No full textSupported by Geotechnologies, in particular the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), this study aimed to perform the spatialization, quantification and analysis of violence in Goiania-GO. So, data from criminal occurrence, acquired with the Military Police of the State of Goiás for the year 2009, and some socioeconomic data by the State Department of Planning and Management (SEPLAN-GO), was processed, tabulated and incorporated into the cartographic base of sectors of Goiânia, for quantitative and qualitative analyzes. The results indicated in 2009 the amount of 20.593 cases of violent crimes in Goiania, therefore, the cartographic products showed some spatial pattern of criminal occurrences, it is possible to highlight some areas of the city with the highest number of records of crimes.Pages: 4973-498
Aplicação da análise por componentes principais para o mapeamento do uso e ocupação da terra no município de Barão de Cotegipe - RS
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the digital image processing techniques, such as geometric correction, the mitigation of atmospheric effects, classification and especially the main components technique for mapping the use and occupation of land in the municipality of Barão de Cotegipe-RS. For this purpose, we used a image Landsat 5, the bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, the sensor TM, orbit 222, point 79, with the date of 09.01.2011 passage. We defined free software Spring version 5.0.6 for the image processing. The technique of main components was applied in two combinations (bands 1, 2 and 3, and bands 5 and 7). The first component of each combination were associated with band 4 to the RGB composite. As a result it was found that the main components analysis allowed to identify better targets, such as crops (initial and advanced stage) and showed the greatest number of information compared to the traditional classification of images. With respect to mapping the use and occupation of the land, said the presence of crops representing 48.2% of the total area. Another use significant was the use of native forests (31.8%) mainly located on the banks of rivers and the uppermost parts of the municipality, thus becoming permanent preservation areas. Thus, it was found that different techniques for digital processing of images contribute significantly to identify objects in an image and mapping further improving the quality of data.Pages: 8091-809
Validação de modelos estacionário e prescritivo do manejo da cana-de-açúcar para o ano-safra 2010 nas regiões de Jaú e Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo
No full textBrazil is the world biggest producer of sugar and ethanol derived from sugarcane. The estimated sugarcane cultivated area lies around 8 million hectares, 60% of which are found within São Paulo state, unevenly scattered throughout its territory. Since 2006, the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), in association with the São Paulo State Secretary for the Environment (SMASP), has been monitoring the pre-harvest burning of sugarcane by means of remotely sensed images. In June 2007, the Sugarcane Industry Association (UNICA) and SMASP signed an Agrienvironmental Protocol, designed to anticipate the end of straw burning in areas with slope under 12% until 2014. Two years later, in 2009, stationary and prescriptive scenarios for the year 2010 were generated for some test areas in Sao Paulo State, considering the maintenance of the ongoing trend of harvesting practice dynamics in the first case, and a compliance with the Protocol in the second case. The objective of this study is to perform a comparative analysis between the scenarios generated in 2009 and the real expansion of sugarcane tillages and changes in the sugarcane harvesting practices that took place in 2010 for two of such test areas, namely Jaú and Ribeirão Preto, discussing on the observed conformity with the Agrienvironmental Protocol in both cases.Pages: 474-48