National Institute for Space Research
Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPENot a member yet
6175 research outputs found
Sort by
Métrica de qualidade espaço-temporal de modelos dinâmicos espaciais
No full textIn the study and investigation of spatial phenomena, scientists need tools that can control and represent these phenomena, aiming analyze impacts caused by specifics scenarios. Spatial models provide a representative form of this space, but its implementation without results evaluation isnt guarantee its capacity to generate accuracy results with the real world. To assist in this objective, methodologies called goodness-of-fit are used to compare the simulations results with observed data. This paper presents a new goodness-of-fit metrics. Its based in the multiple resolution algorithm, introduced by Costanza (1989), inserting a temporal component into the methodology.Pages: 6324-633
Análise multi-temporal do uso e cobertura do solo e áreas de preservação permanente (APP) de Dois Vizinhos-PR com dados Landsat-5/TM
No full textThe necessity of natural resources preservation is inevitable and that mission is part of the work of the permanent preservation areas (PPA) foreseen by environmental laws - Brazilian forest code and CONAMA. Remote sensing can be helpful in this matter for the monitoring of these areas, to check what type of land use is being carried out, which areas have the greatest need of attention, and finally give subsidy for public management and decision making. The aim of this study is to perform the mapping of the land cover and permanent preservation areas of Dois Vizinhos-PR city, from a TM series over 27 years (1984-2011), with an interval of 3 in 3 years, to see how the environmental legislation is being executed over that period of time, also to map where are the preserved and unpreserved areas and get an idea of the dynamics of land use during this time. It was observed that the amount of areas occupied by forest increased from 9.8% to 23% in that time period, with approximately 40% of these forests being in PPA. The percentage of preserved PPA increased from 13% to 28% during those years and the best preserved PPA are around rivers reaching 33% in 2011. Despite the limited spatial resolution of the data used, the methodology was effective for mapping the land use and the permanent preservation areas.Pages: 7679-768
Avaliação do potencial do CCHE-Mech para estudos hidrológicos no semiárido
No full textThe objective of this work is to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the controls and functions of the software hydrological modeling CCHED - MECH simulation of flow and sediment transport in rivers. CCHE is an integrated software package developed at the National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, the University of Mississippi. It is a general model for 2 and 3-dimensional simulation and analysis of river flows, dam break flows, non-uniform sediment transport, morphologic processes, coastal processes, pollutant transport and water quality. These processes are solved with the depth integrated Reynolds equations, mass transport equations, sediment sorting equation, bed load and bed deformation equations. This model is based on Efficient Element Method, a collocation approach of the Weighted Residual Method. Internal hydraulic structures, such as dams, gates and weirs, can be formulated and simulated synchronously with the flow. Dry and wet capability enables one to simulate flows with complex topography with ease. Three turbulence closure schemes, depth-averaged parabolic, mixing length eddy viscosity models and k- e model, and available. The numerical scheme can handle subcritical, supercritical flows and their transition. For these aspects, its use seems to fit the needs of simulation for semi-arid regions, where rainfall is sporadic and torrential difficult modeling.Pages: 244-25
Nivelamento de estações linimétricas do rio Purus com dados altimétricos
No full textIn the Amazon basin, the gauges are not leveled; the stages provided at each gauge are relative to a local zero, completely un-related to the values read on the neighboring gauges. In this study, we present the leveling of 11 gauges along the Purus river using satellite altimetry. The satellite data that we used are the ENVISAT measurements at 22 crossing of the ENVISAT groundtrack vith the river (so called virtual stations), collected between 2002 and 2010. The model we used assumes a linear slope along strike the river between virtual stations that bracket a given gauge, and a sinusoidal annual variation of this slope.Pages: 5635-564
Correlações espaciais entre ocorrências de homicídios e concentração de aglomerados subnormais em Fortaleza, Ceará
No full textThe study aimed to find spatial correlations between the occurrence of homicides and the presence of subnormal agglomerations in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. In the city of Fortaleza, the violence issue is increasingly the point of discussion and comments on the various social segments as well as in the media. The increase in crime, particularly homicides, has great social impact, with effects on the habits of life of the citizen. Studies show social inequalities, growing as one of the main constraints to increased crime. The maldistribution of income, poor living conditions, among other conditions, may be closely related to increased crime. Starting point was the assumption that areas with the highest number of subnormal agglomerations have higher homicide rates, since at these locations the interference from social inequality have repercussions more sharply on crime. From the use of kernel density estimator was possible to establish correlations between georreferenced data on homicides in Fortaleza in the period from January to August 2010 and the presence of subnormal agglomerations in the city. The results indicated a strong spatial correlation between the variables analyzed. Finally, it is considered to be fundamental in research on the topic of crime in urban areas, the study of spatial pattern in order to better understand this phenomenon.Pages: 4451-445
CONASAT - Constelação de Nano Satélites para Coleta de Dados Ambientais
No full textThere is currently a pressing necessity of developing new satellites, both to assure the operation continuity of the Brazilian Environmental Data Collection (SBCD), as well as to take care of new demands for environmental monitoring, supplying new services and incorporating improvements to the system performance. The mission of CONASAT comprises designing a solution to the Brazilian Environmental Data Collection - SBCD, based on the use of a constellation of nano satellites with mass between 1 kg to 10 kg, using emerging technologies in the fields of electronics and telecommunications and the definition of a space mission in accordance with international standards applied in the space. The primary mission of the CONASAT satellite is receive the signals sent by the Platforms Environmental Data Collection, located throughout the Brazilian territory and territorial sea, treat them and resubmit them back to earth receiving stations.Pages: 9108-911
Discriminação de tipos fisiográficos de bosques de mangue por meio de imagens de radar de abertura sintética
No full textMangrove is a typical coastal ecosystem in the tropical and subtropical regions. This ecosystem is important to maintenance the health and live of the many species, protect the coastal line, and a lot of others functions. Their structural characteristics are directly linked to the variability of environmental conditions The remote sensing technical can be useful to evaluate and characterize this ecosystem .Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are useful for vegetation studies due to microwave penetration and interaction with plants structure. In this context the present work analysis the backscatter coefficient of incoherent parameters derived from a Palsar image to discriminate different physiographic types of mangroves in Cananéia-Iguape Coastal System region and the SAR parameters relation with structural parameters. The results show that the polarization HH and HV have potential to discriminate mangrove types and the SAR incoherent parameters have a strong relation with canopy height, mean height and mean DBH. This work demonstrated that Palsar image can be useful to the mangrove study, consequently, for the coastal management.Pages: 8437-844
Modelagem hidrossedimentológica e manejo do solo: aplicação do SWAT na bacia de drenagem experimental do córrego Barro Branco, RJ
No full textThe sediment production by soil erosion process is an important hydrosedimentological process which has taken place in drainage basins. The soil erosion is directly influenced by surface hydrological processes and land management practices, through the sediment production, transport and deposition. In this work the spatial distribution of sediment yield was analyzed in the Barro Branco watershed by SWAT model.Pages: 6510-651
Criação de um Sistema de Informações Geográfico com Espacialização das Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Escolas do Município de Rio Grande
No full textThe city of Rio Grande is in significant growth, both in the economic area and in population, and thus realizes the need for guidance for the population increases due to the development of the shipbuilding center of the city. These people, often from other states along with their families do not always know the city and its resources. With this, the present work aims to facilitate the recognition by the population through a GIS location and satisfaction information from two main services: health and education. This will generate a web mapping in order to propose to the user greater knowledge about the city you live in and support decision making at the time of going to a basic health unit or enroll your child in a school, providing the lowest way and the nearest locations. It also aims to facilitate the sharing of data between geo, City Hall and population, so that everyone has knowledge of the environment we live in and so they have a tool to aid decision and also having standardized information between offices, to facilitate discussion therebetween. So there will be disagreement at the time of consultation or crossover of information between the different municipal departments.Pages: 3994-400
Classificação da Cobertura da Terra, Utilizando os Programas Livres: InterIMAGE, WEKA e QuantumGIS
No full textWorking with geomatics, remote sensing and its products like high resolution satellite images offers great data amount. Investigate and study those data demands appropriate software tools. This paper intended to present an image analysis for remote sensing based only in open source and free software. To reach this goal InterIMAGE 1.28, QuantumGIS 1.8 and WEKA 3.6 were employed. A GeoEye-1 satellite image acquired over Angra dos Reis city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has been segmented in InterIMAGE. The segmentation file was used to collect some samples and attributes were exported with them on a vector file. A data mining software (WEKA) was used to analyse those data exported and a decision tree has been generated by the same software. Its results with decision rules were applied on the segmentation file in QuantumGIS. In this software, the advanced search tool has been used to find the group of features of their classes, according the decision rules and attributes established in WEKA. No edition or modification on the modeling proposed by WEKA was done. As result, a map with land cover and land use of the area was produced. A point vector file, with 30 samples per class was produced in QuantumGIS in order to evaluate accuracy of this map. As reference it was used an existing and validated land cover and land use map in 1:5.000 scale, produced by ESPAÇO laboratory using Definiens. With this comparison a confusion matrix has been generated, obtaining 66% of global accuracy.Pages: 2258-226