National Institute for Space Research
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Identificação de aspectos dendrológicos em árvore de Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden por meio de dados LiDAR
No full textThe aim of this study was the identification of dendrological information in a Eucalyptus grandis (W.Hill ex Maiden) tree with a single-scan terrestrial laser scanner data. In field besides the laser scanning, were collected DBH with caliper, total height with haga hypsometer and digital photos for verification and comparison between aspects dendrological with laser data. With literature support was prepared a interpretation key for verification main aspects of tree like habit, size, stem form, bark, branches and crown. The DBH and total height were according between laser data and field measurements. The laser scanning showed efficient to determining habit, size, crown aspects and bark of tree. However, branches and leaves identification werent possible due of data lack at the stem top and the lidar technology were not provide such specific data. For future studies, automated methods of extraction for this informations are necessary which will be of big importance in studies of ecological forests, stands and urban landscape.Pages: 6193-619
Banco de dados de Pontos de Controle para Correção de Imagens de Sensoriamento Remoto na Internet
No full textThis paper presents a database of Points GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) with the points of control implanted in Northeast Region to the effect to attend local demand of interested in correction geometric of images of satellites of remote sensing in special of satellites CBERS, sensor CCD e HRC, LANDSAT, sensor TM e ETM+ and another optical systems of imaging with geometric resolution compatible. The database available in internet can to be accessed by users, giving his coordinates of points implanted, historic about survey with photography, location of point on the image and report of observation and processing.Pages: 4608-461
Nivelamento de estações linimétricas do rio Madeira com dados altimétricos
No full textRadar altimetry is a technique used to the monitoring of water level in major river basins, such as the Amazon basin. Because of difficult access in many remote regions of the Amazon basin and the high cost for installation of a vast operating network of hydrological stations, this study aims determining the gauge zero along the station of the Madeira River, through the method of null-slope. We checked if a gauge series could be level-adjusted between two altimetry series without violating the rule that states that no point of the gauge series is lower than a point of the downstream altimetry series and no point is higher than the altimetry series upstream. Eight cases are presented. The series used in this part of the study are the ENVISAT Ice-1.Pages: 5832-583
Geoprocessamento aplicado na espacialização da capacidade de uso do solo para fins de planejamento conservacionista da microbacia do córrego São Caetano- Botucatu (SP)
No full textThis work aimed at the determination of the subclasses of capacity of soil use of the Stream São Caetano watershed - Botucatu (SP), seeking the planning of practices of conservation of the soil in the area through System of Geographical Information Idrisi Selva. The study area is located among the geographical coordinates: 22o 46' 21" to 22o 52' 32" of latitude S and 48o 26' 25" to 48o 29' 27" of longitude W Gr., presenting an area of 3316,95ha. The shart of capacity of soil use of the basin was obtained starting from the crossing of the letters of steepness and of soils with the table of judgement of the capacity classes of soil use and of the constant recommendations in the utilitarian rising of the physical middle and classification of the lands in the system of use capacity. The results allowed to infer that the subclasses IIIs,e, IVs and VIe are constituted in more than 70% of the area and for almost 100% of the units of soils Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico and Neossolo Eutrophico Litólico. GIS-IDRISI allowed quickly through their modules the discrimination, the mapping and the quantification of the areas of the subclasses of capacity of soil use of the watershed.Pages: 4367-437
Imagens Multiespectrais dos satélites SPOT e Landsat e imagens de Radar na elaboração do Atlas Digital da Região Metropolitana de Londrina/PR
No full textThis paper presents some researches realized in Londrina/PR Metropolitan Area Digital Atlas, which is been developing since 2009. The main objective is developing thematic mapping using multispectral SPOT (Ibiporã Municipality) and Landsat (INPE Instituto Nacional de Estudos Ambientais) images and a radar image SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission EMBRAPA). For this the methodology applied will be discussed and the thematic mapping developed from these. The Digital Atlas site is: www.uel.br/projetos/atlasrml/index.html. The Londrina/PR Metropolitan Area is formed by municipalities: Ibiporã, Cambé, Bela Vista do Paraíso, Jataizinho, Rolândia, Tamarana and Sertanópolis, in total of 737.491 inhabitants (IBGE, 2007), a considerable number for Brazilian South Area, developing questions about social organization, environmental and touristic planning of this area by researchers. Until today (2012) the Londrina/PR Metropolitan Area Digital Atlas presents the following themes: Londrina´s City, Londrina in Brazil, Londrina in Paraná, Urban Expansion, Substrate Social, Substrate Natural and Environmental Dynamics. In conclusion it is observed that the objectives were achieved by the thematic mapping and the Digital Atlas was accomplished and they are in internet for students, researchers, planners and decision makers.Pages: 1434-144
Uso da cobertura vegetal e índices topográficos como subsídio para o mapeamento digital de solos, no Distrito Federal
No full textAt the emerging field of quantified environmental analysis, the study about digital techniques as a tool to make more accurate, fast and cheap soil maps have been developed, The technique to integrate environmental variables into digital geographic data, generating pedometry predicted maps is an important forward at the study of soil in a quantitative way, decreasing the analyst accuracy factor, and generating forms to improve and help the soil mapping. Thus, converging this tendency, the present work used LANDSAT 5 TM images and vectorial data from the Rio Jardim watershed to generate influence parameters like Digital Elevation Model, Vegetation Index, and surface derivated attributes, as a north to generate digital soil maps. The Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and the Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI), showed to be able, when submitted at cluster classification, and cross tabulation using the pre existent soil map parameters, as a good tool in the evidenced distinction of three soils classes boundaries. The used vegetation index results in a better distinction for hidromorphic soils, and the topographic index was good to discretize two others soil classes. About these results can be concluded that this study is helpful to the production of more methodologies to proceed digital oriented pedometric analysis.Pages: 9256-926
Mudança no uso do solo e cobertura vegetal da Messorregião do Extremo Oeste da Bahia: Análise de 1975 e 2010
No full textThe Mesoregion of the Far West of Bahia (MOB) is characterized by being an agricultural center of grains, cotton, coffee and others. The flat topography, rainfall and government subsidies, enabled the implementation of large-scale agricultural production, thus, made the exploitation magnified. In this context, the people who did not specialize in techniques for entering the agribusiness were neglected in the economic growth. Therefore, identifying the suppression of the Cerrado from 1975 to 2010, and to establish correlations between deforestation rates and some municipal Development Indices are the main objectives of this research. We proceeded to the acquisition of satellite images from 1975 and 2010 that cover the whole Mesoregion of the Far West of Bahia. It was proposed a correlation between deforestation rates in 2010 with two indices: Economic Index and Social Development Index of 2006. After that, we applied fundamental concepts of remote sensing and GIS techniques for the analysis of change and use of land. This has made the quantification of deforestation for the years 1975 and 2010, correlating its increase with the indices. Despite significant economic growth of the region, from this research was found that deforestation brought no improvement in life quality for the people of the Mesoregion of the Far West of Bahia.Pages: 7414-742
Avaliação de índices de vegetação para três tipos de solo em diferentes condições de cobertura vegetal
No full textSpectral vegetation index (VIs) are one of the methods used for various purposes in remote sensing of natural resources, in order to enhance the contribution of vegetation in the signal detected by the sensor's field of view. When dealing with satellite data, linear mixture of information contained in one pixel can mask the distinctive features of the study object, especially when it comes to soil, where the absorption bands that characterize them are difficult to detect. This work aims to evaluate the influence of soil type over four vegetation index (NDVI, SAVI, EVI and NDWI) with different percentages of vegetation cover (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%). The experiment was conducted in laboratory using three soil types (Humic, Clay Soil and Sandy Soil), with sugarcane leaves as vegetation cover.NDVI had the greatest influence of the change of substrate. SAVI has a behavior closer to the ideal, since the curves for each soil type present less variation among themselves, reaching the goal of this index, which is to minimize the effect of soil. EVI showed a similar performance to SAVI and NDWI proved to be an interesting vegetation index to evaluate vegetation cover, even using different soil types, it is more sensitive to higher biomass than the other indexes.Pages: 97-10
Avaliação do Albedo de Superfície Utilizando Imagens do Satélite Landsat 5 TM e o algoritmo SEBAL
No full textThe present study has the goal to estimate the albedo of the surface, using the SEBAL algorithm in the irrigated perimeter of Gorutuba- MG and surrounding areas. The study area is located in the north of Minas Gerais, between the coordinates UTM of 671572 and 694429 mE and 8249910 and 8272242 mN. In the studying process were used Landsat 5 TM satellite images of the orbit/ Point 218/71 the days of August 25 2007 and September 05 2011, and the estimate of the surface albedo of procedures performed through the method SEBAL. According to the results obtained, small changes occurred in the study area that brought impacts to the surface albedo, in which values were ranging between 9% to dam Bico da Pedra, 10 to15% in the areas of natural vegetation and 16 to 19% in irrigated areas, overall result consistent with the literature. However, it was observed that some areas have undergone significant modifications, which are the areas of agricultural practices.Pages: 8098-810
Avaliação dos algoritmos SVM e Maxver para a classificação de sistemas florestais monodominantes de candeia (Eremanthus sp.)
No full textThe present study aims to classify the use and land cover in the northern municipality of Mariana (MG) with a focus on the areas covered by candeia (Eremanthus sp.). We used four images RapidEye's northern municipality of of Mariana (MG), with radiometric and geometric corrections. The basemap contains the vector files extracted from highways and hydrography of letters planialtimétricas IBGE. We tested two algorithms for image classification, as follows: MaxVer and SVM employing the software interface of ArcGIS 10 and Envi 4.8. We tested 51 combinations of bands, involving compositions of image RapidEye multispectral bands, two and three principal components of the image (PCAc12 and PCAc123) and NDVI to assess what the best combination for differentiating areas under monodominance candeia of the other classes use and land cover. And the values of Kappa and conditional Kappa obtained from different classifiers and different combinations of bands were compared by applying the test statistic z (α = 95%). The ratings obtained from the Maxver algorithm are higher than those obtained from SVM. The use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the normalized difference vegetation index adjusted (NDVI(34)) promoted an improvement in kappa, but the increase is more significant in the classification obtained from the combination of these with the visible bands.Pages: 3222-322