National Institute for Space Research
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Análise multitemporal por imagem TM do uso e ocupação do solo na região nordeste da rodovia BR-319
No full textPlans to repave the highway BR-319, which connects Manaus - AM to Porto Velho -RO and has been impassable since 1988, has reignited the discussion about the consequences of opening roads in the Central Amazon. In this context, Incra, which holds 82 federal public lands in the region, received the mission to carry out land consolidation in the area of the highway. In order to analyze the evolution of human action and point out which tracts had a greater change in forest areas, it was carried out analysis of multitemporal Landsat TM images of the northeast stretch of the highway, between the junction with highway AM-254 and Igapó-açú river. Two different methods were tested: subtraction of NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) images for change detection and supervised classification by maximum likelihood, using images to quantify the altered areas in the five plots incidents in the study area. The first approach, although hinted places where there was a change, showed confusion of targets and is not satisfactory. The second approach showed that the estates Manaquiri, Janauacá and Juma, respectively, are the most disturbed plots, in contrast to the estates Tupana and Castanho, best preserved, respectively. This study found that INCRA should prioritize actions of regularization in the estates Manaquiri, Janauacá and Juma.Pages: 1782-178
Padrões de paisagem espaço-temporais nas microrregiões de Ribeirão Preto e São Carlos: Investigando a história natural da hantavirose a partir da análise da estrutura da paisagem
No full textThe changes in the landscape of São Paulo State in the last years, associated with the planting of sugar cane fields, added to regional seasonal climatic aspects, bring new disturbances to a system in which wild rodents and humans coexisted. In this study, we analyzed landscape changes for the years 2003 and 2010, of Ribeirão Preto and São Carlos microregions that produce sugar cane, which have the highest number of reported cases of Hantavirus in the São Paulo state. To study the influence of landscape in the transmission of Hantavirus was proposed a typology for habitats associated with the presence of wild rodents, considering the landscape spatial patterns and connectivity between use groups and land cover. To identify these groups were used Landsat satellite images, classified as follows: 1) Forest-and-Reforestation, 2) Farming-mosaic-excluding-cane; 3) Cane-Sugar, 4) Grass, 5) Build-area. A space divide in pieces with dimensions of 2km x 2km was defined and landscape measure were extracted for classification of landscapes using mining data techniques based on decision trees. The pattern was found more Isolated Fragments Forest surrounded by sugarcane, landscape that enhance the Hantavirus reservoir populations. This region crossed by changes in recent decades, due to transitions of forest groups, pasture and other crops, as sugarcane, drawing new mosaics in the regional landscape, with possible implications for the dynamic of the transmission and persistence of Hantavirus. The results reinforce the thought that global strategies to combat climate change is crucial to think about the consequences on the local scale.Pages: 2384-239
O uso da análise multicritério para a definição de áreas prioritárias a restauração de Área de Preservação Permanente (APP), no noroeste paulista
No full textThe Coqueiro stream watershed is degraded and silted by the lack of adequate vegetation cover and especially for the irregular use and occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas. The multi-criteria analysis is a tool that brings together diverse characteristics, weights and assigns values to them, assisting in decision making. In the Coqueiro stream watershed has only 7.72% of the riparian forest and forest fragments. The existing riparian vegetation identified in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) is 211.62 ha (13.23% of the area of PPA). The Coqueiro stream watershed is located in the northwest of the state of São Paulo, with an area of 190 km2. In this context, the study aimed to identify and develop priority map forest restoration through multi-criteria analysis (Compromise Programming) in a Geographic Information System to support decision making in the management of water resources. A high priority was the class with the highest percentage, with 53.20% (681.06 ha) and very high class, with 16.68% (213.55 ha), the middle class with 29.01% (371.44 ha) and the low class with only 1.29% (4.50 ha). The method of multi-criteria analysis in GIS, Compromise Programming was adequate in prioritizing areas for forest restoration, showing their viable geographic spatial within the area analyzed and the high priority class predominated, followed by middle and very high class.Pages: 3366-337
Análise observacional de sistemas convectivos de mesoescala associados a extremos climáticos na Amazônia Oriental
No full textThe ever-deepening understanding of the changes caused by the action of modulators of Amazonian climate systems is of fundamental importance for local monitoring systems, and more information for the planning of government departments. In this article we seek to show the interference of El nino phenomenon occurrence and / or La Nina systems on the formation of mesoscale circular on the state of Pará. It was noticed during the analysis that the frequency of oscillation of the systems depend on the values of ENSO, But the intensity of rainfall precipitated volume is controlled by the dynamic behavior generated by these anomalous atmospheric mechanisms modulating climate.Pages: 1877-188
Mapeamento de Uso do Solo nos Anos de 2000 e 2006 para APA do Pratigi-BA- Brasil
No full textThis work aims to show the results obtained in mapping land use of Pratigi Environmental Protected Area (APA Pratigi) for the years 2000 and 2006. This work is a result of the technical partnership between the Organização para Conservação de Terras do Baixo Sul da Bahia (OCT) and the Instituto BioAtlântica, within the context of the development of the Sustainable Integrated Development Plan APA Pratigi (PDIS APA Pratigi). With these mappings is the intention to deploy analyzes of REDD (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) to APA. To accomplish this we use classification from LANDSAT series images (ETM + TM 2000 and 2006), collected at different times of the year among each other, which passed by the Tasseled Cap transformation, and the use of a third image from 2005 (CBERS CCD) to compensate the excessive cloud cover in the area of the APA Pratigi in the 2006 TM image. The results showed considerable differences in the due date collection of images at different times, changing the values between some classes. On the other hand the solution to review areas not mapped in 2006 by excess clouds with a third image of a previous year was successful, eliminating almost completely cloud cover mapping for 2006.Pages: 7200-720
Focos de queimadas em áreas protegidas do Maranhão entre 2008 e 2012
No full textFires is a threat to forests and has awakened the concern of environmental protection agencies, especially when occurring in protected areas. This study quantifies the occurrence of fires detected by satellite inside the protected areas of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, including 10 State Conservation Units (SCUs), 14 Federal Conservation Units (FCUs), and 17 Indigenous Territories, in the period 2008-2012. The fires were detected by the AQUA_T satellite, a reference satellite for the INPE. During this period, 19,048 fires were detected inside protected areas, corresponding to 19.5% of all fires identified in the state. Mirador State Park, the Environmental Protection Area (APA in Portuguese) of Upaon-Açu / Miritiba / Alto do Rio Preguiças, and the Baixada Maranhense APA were the SCUs with most fires. The FCUs that registered the most fires were the National Park (PARNA in Portuguese) of Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba, the Biological Preserve of Gurupi and the PARNA of Chapada das Mesas. The Indigenous Territories with most fires were Bacurizinho, Cana Brava / Guajajara and Araribóia. The number of fires rose 235% from 2008 to 2012. The year with the largest number of fires is 2012, followed by 2010. Although, the year of 2011 registered 46.9% less fires than 2010, however more than the number of fires in each previous years. Despite the conservation efforts in these protected areas, the fires are a looming threat to their biological integrity and the way of life of their native peoples.Pages: 7912-791
Avaliação do uso de diferentes limiares de variação altimétrica para o pré-processamento do Modelo Digital de Elevação de uma bacia experimental do Cerrado
No full textThe numerical representation of the relief in a limited region of the surface results in the Digital Elevation Model or Digital Terrain Model (DEM or DTM). This information is critical for many hydrological studies, such as characterization of the drainage network; flow direction; delineation of watersheds; estimate of erosion, and others. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of using different thresholds in the MDE filtering process in the Upper Jardim Experimental River Basin (BEARJ). An ASTER GDEM image was used as the base for this study. For generating the DTMs it was applied the median filter with 7x7 window and the extraction of three different variation thresholds, of 3, 5 and 10 meters. It was compared the basin drainage area generated by the four models. For comparing the impact of the three thresholds on the original DEM, the altitude variation of each pixel was standardized in relation to the altitude average and the standard deviation values of each model. The results indicated that, in relation to the original data, the threshold of 3m was the one that most changed the original DEM, followed by 5m and 10m. Smoothing relief stood out as the main result generated using this process. For better understanding the process of generating consistent digital elevation models, the next step of this study is to compare the obtained results with field data acquired with differential GPS.Pages: 5584-559
Análise comparativa entre sensores remotos e dados in situ no estudo de sedimentos em suspensão: aplicação à plataforma continental do estado do Rio de Janeiro
No full textThe analysis of suspended particulate matter (SPM) distribution is an important tool for the environmental monitoring of coastal zones. When present in high concentrations, these components may cause important changes in several processes throughout the water column, such as water quality, supply of nutrients, and the dispersion of pollutants and pathologic agents. The objective of this study is to construct regional algorithms to estimate the concentration of suspended sediment from satellite images and to compare the estimated values with those obtained in situ. To carry out this work, two data sets of SPM concentrations collected during two oceanographic cruises, performed in June 2010 and January 2011 were combined with satellites images collected by MODIS and MERIS sensors. Several atmospheric corrections were considered for each sensor in order to verify their performance. The values of SPM concentration obtained in situ were correlated with the radiometric data for each product for generate the algorithms. The algorithms generated from the regression curves between the concentration of SPM and the radiometric data, were applied to daily and monthly images to determine the best algorithm, and the spatial and temporal variability of the sediment plume. Among the results obtained, it was found that, in general, the sensor MERIS underestimated the reflectance data, while MODIS overestimated these values. In this study it was observed that the variability of the plume near Cabo de São Tomé (22°S/41°W) is the result of the combined influence of the wind pattern, the wave field, coastal upwelling and the Brazil Current.Pages: 7874-788
Mapeamento fisiográfico da microrregião de Jaguariaíva (PR) com o apoio de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas
No full textThe use of geotechnologies is relevant to the geographic space production, reproduction and analysis. The resulting reports enable solutions in order of improving the development in various territorial scales. In this context, its known the lack of teaching and planning materials in the State of Paraná which comprise and spatialize physical data and infrastructure. In this perspective, this paper aims to raise, organize and spatialize these pieces of information in the Jaguariaíva micro-region. These inquires will be introduced in a technical/courseware material. They will be presented through thematic mapping and description of their respective topics, besides characteristics of infrastructure, such as population data, urban equipments and economic potential, among others. The used methodology was developed from two main steps: office and GIS lab. At the office it was performed a study of relevant information to the infrastructure description as well as physical aspects and also about the final product preparation (technical-teaching material). The stage which involves the database creation and cartographic drafting of physiographical aspects of the micro-region was organized in the GIS lab. The resulting material allows integrated analysis of geographical space, because the cartographic information allied to their respective descriptions comprise the necessary elements for investigation of possible potentials and constraints that exist in the region. There is the need to update the database as well as the information regarding the social-economical infrastructure and related to the productive sector activities (primary, secondary and tertiary) in order to avoid economic and time waste.Pages: 5085-509
Análise da exatidão geométrica e do potencial de interpretação de imagens orbitais: estudo do caso da vegetação na escala 1:100.000, Silva Jardim, RJ
No full textEach year we can see more and more geospatial data being produced or used by a growing up number of non-specialized users. However, each user produces data to meet his own needs and as consequence most of this data is not appropriate for being used by another users. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of RapidEye images for generating a vegetation map for 1:100.000 scale, considering the use of Brazilian standards for geospatial data. Study area is located in Silva Jardim city, in Rio de Janeiro state, Southeast Brazil. Geometric accuracy of the image was determined using 33 checkpoints acquired over oficial orthophotos in 1:25.000 scale and results were analyzed according to Brazilian accuracy standards for cartography (PEC, in portuguese). Vegetation mapping was done using object based classification, using Definiens software. Map legend was created according to classes proposed by Vector Geospatial Data Structure (INDE), a Brazilian standard for geospatial reference and thematic data. This standardization is part of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (INDE, in portuguese) which is an effort facilitate interoperability for these kind of data. Results showed that orthorectified RapidEye images presented accuracy compatible with 1:25.000 scale, class B. Considering 8 classes in the legend, vegetation map presented 51,7% of thematic accuracy, which indicated that adjust in the modeling process is necessary.Pages: 2120-212