National Institute for Space Research
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Máscara da cultura de verão no estado do Paraná por meio de composições RGB
No full textThe search for less subjectivity in estimates has increased the use of remote sensing for agricultural monitoring and crop yield estimates, leading to more flexibility in data acquisition and less costs comparing to traditional methods such as census and surveys. Lower spatial resolution satellite images with higher frequency in image acquisition have shown to be adequate for generating cropland masks and monitoring in large areas. The main goal of this study was to map the summer cropland in the state of Paraná, Brazil, using dekadal composition of NDVI SPOT Vegetation data for 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 cropping seasons. Supervised classification of multitemporal image composites was used to map summer cropland masks for each dekad. Accuracy assessment was performed using Kappa Index, Overall Accuracy and Willmott (d) agreement index. The results showed good accuracy and that the methodology used, with free low resolution data, allows generating summer cropland masks at state level.Pages: 313-31
Análisis multitemporal para la detección de cambios ocasionados por actividades de minería ilegal en la cuenca media del río Caroní, Venezuela
No full textAs consequence of the intensification of human activities in the Caroní river middle watershed, and as a function of Venezuelan National Guard in the environmental preservation, it was used the remote sensing by the analysis of Landsat/TM images, of the years 1991, 2001 and 2010, which were submitted the Tasseled Cap transformation technique for change detection, throughout the period covered by the study area. Thus, the generation of three new components, which represent the brightness (associated with reflectance soil changes), the greenness (correlated with vegetations vigour) and the wetness (related with vegetation and soil water contents) made it easer the reflectance homogenization in the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing a better separation of the objects at the components combination and in consequence improving the land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) determination, and in consequence the mapping precision. This allowed determining and quantifying the deforestation level and the sediment areas, as well as their evolution and the trend occurrence, arising from the illegal mining activity and other illegal activities in the area. From the analysis carried out it was confirmed the advanced of anthropized areas in 27.8% along the Caroní river, evolving over the course of the main tributaries to the northeast, mainly due by illegal mining activity.Pages: 7382-738
Risco de erosão do solo por meio da decisão multi-critério e técnicas de geoprocessamento na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Quatorze (SW/PR)
No full textSoil erosion is a natural phenomenon that can be intensified according to human occupation, especially for agricultural use. Thus, it is essential identify the levels of erosion risk to guide the planning of the occupation of the land surface, so the aim of the research is to assess the risks of soil erosion in the watershed of the Rio Quatorze, southwest of Paraná state, Brazil. The methodological steps were: 1) diagnosis of the physical environment in SPRING software (elevation, face slope and orientation of slopes using digital terrain model from topographic maps - 1:50.000, relief compartimentation by contour lines interpreting and land use for image classification of the CCD sensor); and 2) evaluation vulnerability to erosion from the diagnosis of the physical environment, based on multi-criteria decision and geoprocessing techniques in the SAGA software. The results showed the spatial distribuition and quantification of five levels of erosion risk in the study area: very low, low, medium, high and very high. In conclusion, the research showed the potential of computational tools for spatial analysis in studies of this scope and guides the planning of land use and adoption of conservation practices on farms of Rio Quatorze basin.Pages: 4586-459
Uso do sensoriamento remoto na avaliação de impactos ambientais causados pelas obras de infraestrutura no semiárido nordestino, o caso da transposição do rio São Francisco
No full textWater is a natural resource that plays an extremely important role in public policy as it is a scarce resource. The transfer water from the São Francisco River is discussed and debated for over a century and continues to generate controversy. The São Francisco River, known as National Integration river, has 2800 km long and crosses the region of the polygon of droughts, being vital to the sustainability and development of the 503 municipalities in the basin, where about 14 million people. It is the third largest river in the country, with average flow of approximately 2850 m³/s. The Integration Project of the San Francisco River Watershed Northeastern Northern is a development of water infrastructure, consisting of two shafts (North and East) that will capture water from the São Francisco River dams Sobradinho and Itaparica, State of Pernambuco. For the progress of the work was necessary to deforest large area of a biome worldwide unique caatinga. As determined by the National Policy on the Environment, the Environmental Impact Report on the transposition estimated 430.0 hectares the total area cleared for construction of the necessary infrastructure. This study mapped and calculated the actual area deforested in the river stretch between San Francisco and the Salgueiro's City and came to the conclusion that the figures proposed in the Environmental Impact Report were underestimated. With the help of GIS tools came to the number of about 2000 hectares in the studied only about 13% of the work.Pages: 2494-250
Análise das classes de uso das terras no município de Araripina-PE: um estudo comparativo
No full textThe municipality of Araripina located in the Mesorregião Sertão e Microrregião Araripina in the State of Pernambuco has an area of 1893 km2 and an average elevation of 622 meters This research aimed to present the characterization and quantification of changes in vegetation cover in the municipality of Araripina-PE, considering the temporal cut for a period of 21 years (1987 - 2008) based on the use of TM/Landsat-5 image. The software used in the development of the work was the Spring (GIS and remote sensing image processing system), version 5.1.5, of public domain, developed by the Division of Image Processing (DPI) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). The results indicate that deforestation of natural vegetation in the time interval considered in this study shows that little remained of the original vegetation. In 2008, the vegetation classified as dense represented only 0.59% of the area and the areas with a predominance of pasture between the years 1987 and 2008 had an increase of 56.24 km2, while areas that were developing agricultural activities was reduced to the same period in 59.27 km2. The remaining forest resources are being cut to make way for agricultural activities and to be used as a cheaper energy source to supply large to small industry like mining, potteries, bakeries and more. The results point to the need for a more effective management for the development of a rational agriculture, particularly with regard to the preservation and conservation of forest areas and water resources.Pages: 514-52
Situação ambiental do campus da UFSM de Frederico Westphalen, RS
No full textLand use and cover characterization represents one of the most popular applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). In this paper we aimed to perform the land use and cover of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) campus located in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen and identify the mains land use conflicts within the campus considering two legal preservation buffers. The study area is located in the northwestern of Rio Grande do Sul State, in South of Brazil. Mapping procedures were based on Worldview-2 ortorectified image visual image interpretation. This image was acquired in November 2012. Complementary Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images were used. The drainages were extracted from topographic charts, modified SRTM digital terrain model (TOPOPODATA) and Global Digital Elevation Map (GDEM) sensor Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASRTER). The computational work was performed in the SPRING and ENVI software. The preservation area was evaluated by 15 and 30 meters buffers. The results showed that around 27% and 20% of permanent preservation areas (APPs) presented environmental conflict regarding its current land use and cover, considering buffers of 30 and 15 meters, respectively. The major conflicts were related to agricultural areas and experimental field within the APPs. Furthermore, the present results allowed the definition of the first recuperation procedures. New studies are necessary to evaluate the Brazil actual forest legislation in the campus.Pages: 7241-724
Uso do solo e análises legais de uma área com manejo florestal na Amazônia, localizada em Sinop-MT
No full textThe objective of this study is to determine the classes of land use of an agricultural area and forest management, located in the municipality of Sinop, northern Mato Grosso, using tools Remote Sensing. We used the maximum likelihood for the determination of land use, and was later incorporated into the GIS environment, aimed at defining areas and classes. It was possible to identify that the areas in disagreement with the Brazilian Law Forest (n. 12.651, of 25 May, 2012). As results can identify the distribution of areas and percentages for the four classes are: Forest Area (58.09%), Agricultural Area/Grassland (37.07%), Bare Soil (4.82%) and Hydrography (0.01%). Even Forest Area containing 58.09% of the total, is at in disagreement with the current Brazilian Law, indicating the need to forest restoration 22% of the area.Pages: 5267-527
Landscape changes in the Anavilhanas Archipelago during peaks of flood and drought in the Rio Negro, Central Amazônia, Brazil
No full textAs Anavilhanas constituem o segundo maior arquipélago fluvial do mundo, formando um padrão complexo de ilhas, canais, lagoas, florestas inundadas, praias e bancos de areia submersos. Este cenário muda drasticamente durante os períodos sazonais de cheia e vazante do Rio Negro, afetando a rica biota do arquipélago, refúgio de fauna e flora diversificadas. O estudo estima pela primeira vez a extensão das mudanças da paisagem no Arquipélago de Anavilhanas durante a segunda maior cheia já registrada no Rio Negro (2009) e a maior seca documentada na Amazônia (2010). Para isso, imagens de três diferentes satélites foram utilizadas: Landsat-TM (cheia), ALOS-PALSAR (cheia) e Resourcesat-LISS-3 (seca). As cenas TM e LISS-3 foram convertidas em três imagens fração (vegetação, solo e água), usadas para mapear quatro diferentes classes de uso da terra: água, ilhas com cobertura vegetal, bancos de areia submersos e florestas de terra firme. Os resultados mostraram que uma superfície de água de 1.718 km2 na estação cheia foi reduzido em cerca de 51% (869 km2), na cena da estação seca (LISS-3). Essa redução na massa de água permitiu o aparecimento de cerca de 770 km2 de praias e bancos de areia submersos. O recuo das águas permitiu um aumento de 35% (de 380 km2 para 515 km2) de ilhas com cobertura vegetal. A imagem de radar ALOS PALSAR foi usada para estimar quanto das áreas de ilhas com cobertura vegetal eram na realidade florestas inundadas, visto que essa informação não pode ser obtida com imagens TM e LISS-3. Os resultados mostraram que cerca de 45% das ilhas com cobertura vegetal não eram ilhas, mas florestas inundadas.Pages: 1766-177
Classificação orientada a objetos aplicada á cultivos cafeeiros em Três Pontas - MG
No full textDue to the coffee importance to Brazil economy, it is necessary to improve and estimate the area of this cultivation. Thereby, the use of geotechnologys became indispensable to the success of this process. Coffee cultivation are easily mixed with native vegetation in image pixel based classification proccess. The classification of coffee enviroments enables the environmental analysis and regional change analysis, as well as the analysis of many factors that affect those areas, like space time dynamics and environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to classify coffee area with images sattelite high resolution . Those images were segmented with shape priority, samples of the different classes were taken, also using spatial and spectral features caracterization, shape and texture were very important to the class separation, algorithm, was used nearest neighbor algorith for classification. In this study were used images from Rapideye sattelite, wich have high resolution spectral and radiometric , was used definiens ecognition software to the segmentation, the sampling and the object classification. Was possible to do the land use map, which was compared to a visual interpreted map and the results of a pixel based classification, getting better results, but still needed a specialist to evaluate the map and to correct it. The Global accuracy and Kappa index to the object classification were 87.536 % and 0,80305 respectively.Pages: 1338-134
Utilização de dados TRMM e EVI-MODIS para análise da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação e da vegetação na Amazônia brasileira
No full textThe objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the vegetation cover and the spatial variability of rainfall over the Brazilian Amazon. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data were used to estimate rainfall. In order to characterize the vegetation cover, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) was obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra MOD13Q1 product (Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m) in the period 2000-2010. The EVI datasets were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the spatial behavior of the vegetation. Results derived from the inter-annual analysis of the TRMM data showed high spatial variability of rainfall among all analyzed years. They were consistent with the climatological patterns found for the region. Variations in rainfall were observed in specific areas and the time series analysis showed shifts in the start of the decline in precipitation (beginning of the dry season) between them. The PCA of the EVI data showed clear differences between the tropical forests and the savannas (Cerrados), including the agricultural land covers. The observed transitional gradient of vegetation cover from southeast to northwest was closely similar to the observed precipitation gradient. The methodology was adequate for the analysis of the spatial-temporal patterns of precipitation and of their relationships with the observed gradients in the Amazonian vegetation cover.Pages: 3478-348