National Institute for Space Research
Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPENot a member yet
6175 research outputs found
Sort by
Observação dos efeitos do problema da área modificável (MAUP) em dados de incidência de dengue no município de Natal, Brasil
No full textThis paper discuss about the MAUP effects found when comparing dengue incidence data with census data. Dengue is the most important arbovirus impacting the humankind, thus being a main public health problem of the world. Many works discuss this issue, even using GIS to draw its conclusions. Once punctual data is very difficult to obtain or generate, aggregated or areal data is the most used in many geographical inferences. The use of variables for areal units for modeling the occurrence of diseases, mainly those of census, may lead to a problem when zoning the regions of interest. There are many ways to create zones and its noticed that changes in the zoning of a same area may affect the geographical analysis, consisting in the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). This work aims to verify the occurrence of the MAUP when comparing dengue incidence data with census socioeconomic data of the city of Natal, Brazil. The data has been zoned with two methodologies for 2007, 2008 and 2009. It was observed the variation in the correlation coefficient between different zoning outputs, with growing number of groups or with different ways of making the same number of groups. One methodology consists in generate groups with nearly the same number of dengue cases, the other consists in generating groups using a minimum spanning tree, maximizing the similarity between dengue incidence and demographic density and fixing the output number of groups. The MAUP was detected with its scale problem and its aggregation problem.Pages: 5994-600
A bio-óptica marinha na região costeira do Paraná: subsídios para o estudo da cor do oceano
No full textThe optical classification of Case 2 waters depends on an extensive assessment of the absorption coefficients of the three major optically active substances (OAS): colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), non-algal particles (NAP) and phytoplankton (). This work aims to present the results of monitoring the absorption coefficients (a()) of CDOM, NAP and of the subtropical waters of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) in Southern Brazil, together with specific spectral signatures of phytoplankton. Important information on the dynamics of the OASs in the PEC area provided the optical classification of the estuarine and coastal waters. Higher aCDOM in lower salinity waters indicate the continental drainage as the main source of dissolved organic material, whereas ICDOM was estimated in 0,0179\ub10,0018 nm-1. The absorption spectra of the particulate material (NAP and ) showed no relationship with the concentrations of particulate matter, but an estimation of INAP (0,0129\ub10,0012 nm-1) is proposed. Higher absorption coefficients of the phytoplankton occurred in regions of high concentration of microalgae. As observed by the absorption coefficients of cultivated diatoms, the spectral signature of the most abundant phytoplanktonic group of the region can be indicated by the chlorophyll-c at 630 nm. The spectral signature of different pigments can be used as algal classes proxies, such as the slope shape of the chlorophyll-a peak at 685 nm and peaks of chlorophyll-b to identify Chlorophyceae, and the highest absorption in the carotenoids band to indicate Cryptophyceae.Pages: 7795-780
Modelo linear de mistura espectral e métricas da paisagem aplicados ao estudo do desflorestamento em Manaus, Amazonas
No full textThe Amazonas State presents the lowest deforestation rates in the so-called Legal Amazon of Brazil, but the pressure on the forest of its capital Manaus is very strong due to industrialization and urbanization. This paper presents the analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics of deforestation in the Manaus metropolis, Amazonas, Brazil, for the timeframe 1977-2011. LANDSAT data were segmented and classified to detect changes in forest landscapes. Landscape metrics were calculated to evaluate the changes occurred on the number, size and form of forest fragments due to an intense urbanization process. The consequences of the forest cover alteration process in Manaus are discussed.Pages: 4177-418
Identificação das características ópticas da água do lago Guaíba, RS, a partir de dados espectrorradiométricos e limnológicos
No full textThe Guaíba lake is the main source of water supply for the city of Porto Alegre, but in recent years it has had recurrent episodes of cyanobacterial blooms, which justifies the environment continuous monitoring. Inserted in this context, the present study aim to identify, in a preliminary way, the main constituent optically active of water in Guaíba lake in March, 2012. Therefore, we conducted a fieldwork on March 07, covering 16 sampling points located in areas east and west of the lake, on the edge of the urban area of Porto Alegre and nearby urban area of the municipality of Guaiba. In these limnological data points were collected, among them water transparency, measured by Secchi Disc (SD), water samples for laboratory determination of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and data for the bidirectional reflectance factor of the water, using a spectroradiometer. Correlograms were generated from data obtained limnological and reflectance spectra between data and limnological, and first derivative spectra. It was found that the main constituent optically active to the date of the fieldwork was to Chl-a, and the SD, the TSS, and Chl-a showed higher correlation with the first derivative of reflectance spectra than the original. These findings will continue to be investigated, since the Chl-a is directly related to algal blooms.Pages: 5904-591
Mapeamento da área inundável da planície do rio dos Sinos a partir do índice NDWI, São Leopoldo - RS
No full textKnowledge of the dynamics of watercourses during periods of high rainfall is an important tool for planning and risk management in order to avoid disasters and economic losses related to floods. The city of São Leopoldo, in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, has high recurrence of problems related to flooding and accompanying their historical formation. One technique that has been used for wetland delineation and mapping of surface water is the NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), seeking to highlight the presence of water in images obtained by remote sensing. This study examines the application of the index NDWI to map areas with high water stress and subject to flood plain of the Sinos river. For this event compares with above average rainfall and other event with average monthly rainfall within the the historic. Search just check the behavior of the plain of the Sinos river, which runs through the city, given that this index would be more sensitive to changes in water stress. The paper uses a mosaic of LANDSAT and calculating the index NDWI from the reflectance in the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) used to estimate the coverage and the water content of the vegetation canopy. The results of the comparison between the wetland floodplain at different periods of precipitation, mapped from NDWI, and the neighborhoods of São Leopoldo historically most affected by the floods were consistent. The wetlands quantified during high rainfall totaled 18.7km², covering the main neighborhoods often affected by floods.Pages: 4540-454
Influência da vinhaça na resposta espectral de um Nitossolo
No full textRemote sensing techniques are spreading quickly to become a fast source of information, not destructive and low cost. The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes occurred due to sugar cane residue application (vinace) on spectral response of a Hapludox soil. The experiment was developed on the experimental area of the Biosystems Engineering, ESALQ-USP. The statistical arrangement was in completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. To check the existence and possible groupings between spectral curves in relation to treatments applied, it was used the principal components analysis. The spectral curves for air-dried soils in treatments that received high doses of vinace, had high reflectance, however these variations were not greater than 2%, when compared to the parcel without vinace application for all spectrum range analyzed. This comportment is reversed when analyzed the spectral curves to samples in field conditions. The principal components analysis of air-dried soil, showed differences between spectral curves just for the surface layer, separating in most cases the treatment that received higher and lower vinace doses, already for samples in field conditions it was not possible to check some grouping in relation to the treatments.Pages: 424-43
Caracterização espectral de cobertura florestal de mata atlântica com suporte do sensor Hyperion
No full textThe knowledge about the vegetation's current state is an important tool for environmental management and conservation. Following this trend, this study uses an image from the Hyperion sensor to identify different regeneration stages in vegetation remnants of the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The research objective is to identify the regeneration stages in samples of forest and herbaceous vegetation using cluster analysis and spectral response graphics of samples selected in field in the study area. After a field survey to define the classes (pasture, capoeirinha, early, intermediate and advanced regeneration stages), dendograms were generated and the results were analyzed. The study confirmed the possibility of separating the forest samples at different regeneration stages using hyperspectral imaging from differentiated orientation and shading influence. The analysis of spectral curves and clusters by means of dendograms indicates the importance of relief in the slopes orientation and the direct influence of the floristic composition and spectral response of the sample sets. The process of cluster analysis allowed a more accurate understanding of the internal similarities of samples and definition of Groups and Subgroups. In future studies it is suggested that a larger number of samples be collected, facilitating the results validation.Pages: 8853-886
Definição de áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) no município de Barra Bonita, SC, com base no Código Florestal Brasileiro e Código Estadual do Meio Ambiente
No full textThe standards and environmental actions stipulated in the National and State levels seek to allow conformity between economic activities and the natural resource management. Depending on Santa Catarina state laws (SC) having points that differ from the federal law, as regards the delimitation of areas of permanent preservation (APPs), aimed with this research to identify the differences between the standards set by Brazilian Forest Code and the State Environmental Code of Santa Catarina, in relation to APP in the Barra Bonita, SC. The methodology is based on the creation of buffers in accordance with the limits set by the legislation of each environmental code for APPs near drainage, and in regarding the declivity of the land. The results obtained from the Brazilian Forest Code allowed to identify and quantify the APPs occupy 9% of the total area of 95.13 km². Referring to State Environmental Code was observed that the APP totaling 30%. When comparing the standards established for the determination of APPs between Brazilian Forest Code and State Environmental Code realized that the Brazilian Forest Code provides for the preservation, mainly in areas located along water sources such as springs and rivers. However, when analyzing the APPs in declivity considering both environmental codes showed an increase of approximately 38% according to State Environmental Code.Pages: 3888-389
Padrão de desmatamento ilegal em área de mata ciliar: implicações para a conectividade da paisagem
No full textIn the last months the government and the society promote several debates about changes in the Forest Code. The main topic discusses about the reduction of riparian forest along the water bodies. This possible reduction will have negative effects on biodiversity conservation, soil and water resources. However, there are no consensus about the real negative effects. In the other side, there are a lack of empiric studies about this theme in the context of the Forest Code. In this way, the main goal of this research is to quantify and analyze the patterns of deforestation in riparian forest at the Muzambo drainage basin (Alterosa/Areado-MG). Additionally been recommended actions to restore the Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) considering the landscape context. The analysis of vegetation fragments based on remote sensing data of RapidEye images and Object-Oriented Analysis. From landscape metrics verify the configuration of landscape considering two scenarios: i)actual condition of the riparian forest and, ii) simulation taking into account the ideal arrangement of the riparian forest, based on CONAMA 303/2002 resolution. The results show a high level of illegal deforestation, which occurred randomly in the study area. This situation promote an increase of fragments that there are isolated between them. In addiction, the percentage of vegetal cover reduced to a critic range that impossibility the species conservation. It is necessary the management of landscapes to protect the few and small fragments presents and also to restores areas, increasing the percentage of vegetation cover.Pages: 6759-676
Identificação de áreas aptas à implantação de aterro sanitário no município de Cascavel -PR
No full textOne of the great urban problems of today is the final disposal of solid waste. This problem becomes worse when we consider the growth of the urban population and increased waste production per capita. It is known that a landfill is one of the most suitable forms of final disposal of municipal waste, because it is a structure that prevents environmental pollution. This paper presents a methodology for selecting the most suitable for deployment in a landfill in Cascavel - Pr as well as the assessment of where it is located in the county landfill in operation, using geographical information system and geoprocessing techniques, taking into account the criteria of environmental aspect, operational and socioeconomic. The result was a surface suitability for the aforementioned purpose.Pages: 4518-452