National Institute for Space Research
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Utilização do Spring na caracterização automática da rede de drenagem, com base em modelos digitais de elevação gerados pelo ASTER e SRTM
No full textThis paper assesses the suitability of using digital elevation models, resulting from manipulation of altimetric mission SRTM and ASTER instrument, to update maps of the drainage network in the municipality of Renaissance PR. To characterize the drainage network from SRTM and ASTER data used the software SPRING 5.1.7. The hydrographic network, obtained by these two methods was crossed with a mesh extracted from hydrographic maps of the army and orthorectified images of the SPOT 5 satellite. The results show that the drainage system, derived from SRTM and ASTER data is not satisfactory because they do not determine the vast majority of streams of first and second orders. Already the third, fourth and fifth orders, which are identified in the vast majority are located outside the actual course of the letters found by the army and orthorectified images. The data show that the riparian vegetation are acquired by SRTM and ASTER and interfere with the variations in altitude and therefore the bad design of drainage networks.Pages: 5697-570
Geoprocessamento aplicado a projetos de hidrogeologia
No full textThe GIS has been used as a mechanism for supporting research and fostering the spread of the geological and hydrological knowledge base for sustainable development of Brazil. Hence the Project Registry of Sources of Supply by Groundwater-Maranhão State, held by CPRM-Geological Survey of Brazil, through the residence of Teresina, covering 213 municipalities of Maranhão. The information survey of water resources is essential to support the actions of planning use and management of the groundwater program proposed by the Ministry of Mines and Energy for the Northeast region, contributing in the nomination process for wells capable of pumping systems to receive by solar energy. The geoprocessing routines included in this process include: organization of cartographic reference, training of enumerators in handling equipment and data collection for global positioning system navigation (GPS), treatment of data collected in the field, structure of spatial data using the geodatabase, a manager of the relational database ArcGis. We used the tools in ArcToolbox editing topological elements of Envi planimetric and software to generate shaded relief from the SRTM grid. Was obtained as a result of the maps points of water and geological sketch, and finally the diagnostic reports by municipalities. This information serves as an instrument of government action on the adoption of public policies for social inclusion by ensuring the expansion of the supply and availability of groundwater resources of the State of Maranhão.Pages: 4359-436
Localização geográfica de acessos do banco ativo de germoplasma de camucamuzeiro (Myrciaria dubia H.B.K. McVaugh) da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental
No full textThe aim of this study was to locate and map the locations of sampling arrays in plants that gave rise to accessions that make up the Active Germplasm Bank of camucamuzeiro of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. The accessions were coming from seed collection from natural populations in areas located on the shores of the Javari and Jandiatuba rivers, tributaries of the Solimões river (AM), and Tapajós and Trombetas rivers (PA). It was collected about two pounds of fruit per plant, in all plants of the population sampled, representing matrices of GermBank accessions. The documentation and the record collection of GermBank used in the making of the map showed that there was only a marking point in GPS for each collection site, is only three points. Thus, there is no exact position of each parent plant, but a reference point from which samples were collected in trees around this point. Map the locations of collection from camucamuzeiro accessions will allow the study of the genetic diversity of these materials, ensuring the maintenance of security and traceability of access matrices in case of replacement. Furthermore, this study allows for expansion of the collection sites for new samples, increasing the genetic variability of the GermBank.Pages: 4280-428
Diferenciação de cultivares de soja sensível e tolerante à seca por meio de medidas horárias de índice de vegetação (NDVI) e temperatura do dossel em casa de vegetação
No full textBrazil plays a leading role as a global supplier of agribusiness products such as soybean. However, environmental constrains such as water deficit may cause significant loss of productivity. Therefore the identification and/or development of drought tolerant plants is highly sought by the scientific community. In the present study, an attempt has been initiated to differentiate the cultivars BR 16 and Embrapa 48, considered as drought sensitive and tolerant respectively, through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and temperature of the upper and lower surface of the leaf in glasshouse conditions. Soybean plants at the V2 stage were evaluated under well watered conditions and two days after suspension of the irrigation. Air temperature in the glasshouse was monitored using a Termo-Hygrograph. The results showed a decline in the NDVI values of the plants under water deficit for both cultivars. A lower NDVI value, especially under well-watered conditions, and higher leaf temperature during the warmer hours of the day was found for the cultivar Embrapa 48. It was also observed that water stress reduced the NDVI and increased the leaf temperature. The remote sensing with ground level sensors has proved to be a useful tool in the acquisition and interpretation of data for agricultural research in soybean.Pages: 468-47
Detecção de ficocianina por meio de imagens Landsat TM e ETM+ em no reservatório de Guarapiranga, SP
No full textIn this paper we tested an algorithm developed for LANDSAT 7 ETM+ and LANDSAT 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) to measure relative phycocyanin content (PC) in Guarapiranga Reservoir, SP - Brazil. Water samples were collected from 3 hydrographic stations arranged in the reservoir 3 times a week then we could related to the period spanning each of the four LANDSAT overpasses. The samples were analyzed for cyanobacteria density (cel/mL). A dark-object-subtracted, spectral ratio model derived from the images of March 6, 2009; April 18, 2010; April 21 and May 23 of 2011 was tested. Very low PC values were detected in the Guarapiranga Reservoir on April 18, 2010 and May 23, 2011. Moderate values were detected on April 21, 2011. The high PC values on March 6, 2009 may have represented a large Microcystis bloom that was noticed in the same day. The PC algorithm analyzed in this study demonstrated to be a good estimator of cyanobacterias which will improve our understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of their blooms formation in Guarapiranga reservoir and other aquatic systems. It can provide a seasonal analysis of the occurrence of blooms and it may also serve to alert policy makers to the presence of potentially toxic bloom events in reservoirs of multiple uses.Pages: 6643-665
Modelo digital de edificações à partir de dados LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
No full textThis paper describes the semi-automatic modeling of buildings with different shapes and heights from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data obtained by aerial survey. The methodology involves filtering processes, classification and modeling as well the validation of the results using recommendations of ASPRS (American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing), maps and GNSS data as support. The steps were developed using CAD software by treatment and modeling LiDAR modules that were subsequently analyzed by software with GIS (geographic information systems) tools. The results showed consistency with the spatial characteristics of the study areas. Were modeled around 100 different buildings, ranging from small houses to complex buildings. LiDAR tecnology is notable for its precision and agility, creating a dense cloud points, which when combined with semantic data, produce a valuable source of information for urban environments analysis.Pages: 6200-620
Avaliação da umidade do solo em áreas densamente vegetadas sobre o Brasil, utilizando observações do sensor MIRAS/SMOS
No full textIn order to assess the pattern of soil moisture in densely vegetated areas, obtained from the new version of the algorithm LPRM calibrated for Brazil (LPRM_BR), we used data of brightness temperature sensor MIRAS aboard the SMOS satellite during the period 04-09 March to different regions. These locations were selected according to availability of soil moisture data measured "in situ". Thus, observational data of volumetric water content in the soil (at 10 cm) were collected from automatic meteorological stations of CPTEC/INPE distributed in different regions with dense vegetation. To calculate the degree of association between satellite and observed data, we used statistical tools such as correlation (R) and BIAS. The results of both R and BIAS were satisfactory in various locations. The correlation coefficients were relatively high for regions with dense vegetation, such as Esec Maraca (RR), Parna Jaú (AC), Tailândia (PA) e Votuporanga (AM), whose coefficients were 0.84, 0.99 and 1, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the LPRM_BR infer accurate values of soil moisture to areas with dense vegetation, using the MIRAS sensor L band. So, products derived from the LPRM_BR can be used for different purposes such as: monitoring of soil moisture in extreme rain events contributing to issuing warnings of landslides; support in planning for planting and / or irrigation for certain crops; data assimilation in models of numerical weather prediction, which may contribute to the improvement of weather forecasting. However, research with more detailed data from SMOS become necessary to better evaluate the performance of LPRM_BR.Pages: 9248-925
Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level using Geospatial Model
No full textBiodiversity is generally considered at the species level although conservation of biodiversity requires management at higher level of organization, particularly at the landscape scale. It is difficult to manage for each threatened species individually. Alternatively, management can focus on the ecosystems that contain these species, and on the landscapes containing the ecosystems. The information on the biodiversity characteristics such as species richness and their spatial distribution, economic and the ethno-botanical importance is of great significance to any nation. Considering the importance of Indias bioresources a national level initiative was undertaken to map vegetation and to demarcate the bio-rich areas at landscape level using remote sensing and extensive field sample. Nationwide project on the biodiversity characterization at landscape level, was carried out between 1998 and 2010 to characterize and map the flowering plants richness in the natural (forests, grasslands, scrub etc.) and man-made (forest plantations) vegetation formations. The spatial database on vegetation types generated using wet and dry season satellite imagery and ancillary data such as topographic maps and the species richness through field inventory were used to generate the spatially-explicit species distribution maps and statistics. Spatial Landscape Model (SPLAM) has been developed for landscape analysis and spatial data integration. The present study is first attempt which resulted in spatial database on vegetation types, porosity, patchiness, interspersion, juxtaposition, fragmentation, disturbance regimes, ecosystem uniqueness, terrain complexity and the species richness for biodiversity conservation. The field sampling involved 19,876 geo-referenced 0.04 ha plots across India and 7215 plant species. The geospatially-tagged species database, created in the project, provides information on the endemic, rare, endangered, threatened and medicinally/economically important species. The database, disseminated to large number of organizations has found extensive applications in policy planning, operational management, biodiversity conservation, bio-prospecting and the climate change studies.Pages: 3321-332
Utilização de imagens Landsat5 (TM) para o mapeamento e monitoramento de pastagens em 33 municípios no Sudeste do Pará
No full textThe Brazilian livestock has been suffering pressure from national and international entities regarding the occupation of land with pasture. Thus, the government has created a program to map and monitor the advance of livestock in the state of Pará through geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques. The aim is to portray the occupation and monitor the increase of pasture areas annually, through satellite imagery, providing better orientation on audits performed by governmental agencies in the areas of pasture expansion. Mapping and monitoring have been done by the use of Landsat5 (TM) satellite images in 33 municipalities of the southeast of Pará state. The analysis consisted of image interpretation to determine polygons of pasture areas, using software for image processing and cartographic edition. It was found that 30.5% of the mapped area was occupied by livestock in 2011. The monitoring of 2011 showed an increase of 2.4% of deforestation compared to the year 2010. This result showed that satellite imagery mapping is a tool that supports the analysis of the Brazilian livestock scenario and monitoring is a tool that safely quantifies the areas that are being deforested for this activity. This paper contributes to the defining of policies to reduce deforestation such as an appropriate use of pastures and management of animals with effective techniques. The adoption of such policies result in the increase of beef cattle productivity and the decrease of environmental problems such as erosion and desertification,consequently avoiding the opening of new areas of pasture on forested areas.Pages: 7578-758