National Institute for Space Research
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Análise temporal do uso e ocupação do solo na microbacia do Ribeirão do Feijão, município de São Carlos - SP, entre os anos de 2005 e 2011
No full textThis work intends to do a historical analysis of the land use and occupation of the creek watershed Feijão located in São Carlos - SP and then make prediction possible modifications to the year 2020. For the analysis we used the Land Change Modeler module belonging to the Geographic Information System (GIS) IDRISI Selva. We analyzed the changes in the periods from 2005 to 2011 for the following classes of land use: agricultural, pasture, native forest, woodland and forestry, urbanization and exposed soil. In six years, the changes were very significant and alarming. There was a decline of riparian, woodland, forestry and pasture too. These losses contributed to the increase of cultivated areas, urban expansion and exposed soil. The prediction for 2020 showed an increase of pasture and reducing areas of exposed soil.Pages: 4503-450
Etnomapeamento como instrumento de apoio à classificação da tipologia florestal nas terras indígenas Uaçá, Galibi e Juminã, no estado do Amapá
No full textIndigenous participation in the management of their territories has provided very detailed ethnomaps of the writing instruments of landscape planning and regional planning that may be useful to support the classification of typology of vegetation on a large scale in areas without or with low quality images. This paper analyzes the correspondence between ethnomaps made by indigenous people of TIS Uaça, Galibi and Juminã of northern Amapá and automatic classification generated by Landsat images and quantifies the vegetation types present of indigenous lands. The results show that indigenous classification corresponded in 75% to field observations and strengthens their usefulness to classify forest typologies. The use of ethnomaps can also reduce costs by providing information in areas where there is availability of good images in difficult to reach areas with natural high occurrence of clouds. Terra firme forest represented 53.3% followed by flooded grasslands (37.6 %). Mangroves and Cerrado type vegetation represent less than 1% each. The large tract of continuous forest is located in the west portion of Uaça Indigenous land un area directly affected by BR 156 Highway which is licensed to be paved making long term monitoring of forest cover essential to evaluate the environmental impacts and plan preventive and protective measures.Pages: 3191-319
Algoritmo para distribuição eficiente de módulos sem fio utilizando SIG
No full textAn efficient distribution of modules in a wireless communication network is crucial for the proper functioning of the application. Efficient distribution ensures that the entire area is covered and minimal gaps in communication with a reduced number of modules. Obtaining the optimal answer to a problem is not trivial. Sometimes it may be extremely complicated and time consuming. Heuristic answers, as in this paper, produce solutions close to optimal and are much easier to implement and a lot less time consuming. Factors such as visibility, electricity availability, road proximity, vegetation and signal range are weighed in order to determine the best placement of each module. We have developed an algorithm to determine an efficient distribution of modules in an area using maps of vegetation, roads, posts, elevation and anchor points. Anchor points are the backbone of the network. Every point that must have an installed module is considered an anchor point. The area analyzed was the Low Acaraú Irrigation District, where the distribution was planned in order to automate the opening of floodgates and reading level sensors, where the anchor points are located. The algorithm was able to adequately determine the distribution of modules along the perimeter, even for modules of different ranges.Pages: 348-35
Desempenho da classificação supervisionada em diferentes programas: comparação por meio do uso da terra e do índice de naturalidade da paisagem
No full textThis paper objectives to evaluate the classification of land use and occupation among four software (SPRING 5.2, MULTISPEEC, ARCGIS 10 and IDRISI SELVA) for an test area and analyzes the urbanity index to theses landscapes. For characterization of land use and occupation was made the rectangle with 684 columns and 556 rows of the orbital images (Landsat 5 TM, orbit 220, point 75 , bands 3, 4 e 5, pass in August, 18 of 2011). The maximum likelihood classification (MAXLIKE) to satellite image was processed in SPRING 5.2, MULTISPEEC, ARCGIS 10 and IDRISI 32. Points for gauging in field had been showed and analyzed accuracy of the two maps through the kappa coefficient. The urbanity index (IB) was made in IDRISI with the land use map. The kappa coefficient (k) gotten for each material is k spring = 0.53, kmultispeec = 0.49, k arcgis = 0.51 and k idrisi = 0.41. The higher accuracy and fewer pixel sampled was obtained SPRING 5.2, so it is not possible to relate the amount of training area and the mapping accuracy.The average of IB were IB spring = 0.611; IB multispeec = 0.73; IB arcgis = 0.41 and IB idrisi = 0.334The ranges of urbanity index generated from the product of different software shown as the choice of classification technique, method and program interferes with the performance of this particular index.Pages: 6463-647
Monitoramento do uso e cobertura da terra em uma faixa de franca expansão sucroalcooleira
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the historical use and land cover in a region that has in recent years the booming sugar cane for ethanol production, the city and around Quirinópolis, Goiás. It was used three reference years, 2005, 2008 and 2011. The mapping was performed on images of TM/Landsat 5, which were restored to 15 meters of spatial resolution. The class sugar cane sugar was available by CANASAT project. The remaining agricultural classes were mapped by visual interpretation and observation of temporal histograms of EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) within a virtual laboratory of Remote Sensing. Also, we used the index MVI (moisture vegetation index) for vegetation mapping. The cane sugar has increased over 400% between 2005/2008 and over 200% in the period 2008/2011. This transition occurs in the first period mainly on summer crops, while in the second period occurs on pastures. The irrigated crops, which are present much of the food, do not undergo transition with sugar cane. The summer crop had significant drop in 2008, including losing area for urban expansion, possible consequence of the global economic crisis at that time. The two studied periods retain differentiated characteristics of transition especially for sugar cane and summer crops.Pages: 332-33
Análisis digital de terreno y metodología usada para el relevamiento de glaciares de escombros inactivos, activos y proto-lobes, en la Subcuenca del Río de las Salinas. Cordillera Frontal. Provincia de San Juan. Argentina
No full textThe goal of this paper is to describes the methodology used in the survey of rock glaciers and mapping of the hydrographic system, from digital terrain analysis, of the Rio de las Salinas basin. This work is framed into the ¨Inventario de Glaciares de la Cuenca del Rio San Juan¨ Project, and it corresponds to an agreement between of the Government of San Juan and the Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de la UNSJ. This work has been divided into three stages: firstly, we perfomed digital terrain analysis, which includes the choice and preprocessing of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), and the delineation of watersheds and the layout of the drainage network. Secondly, we studied the presence of rock glaciers and the compilation of the database, with the physical parameters and descriptions of each body. Finally, we performed the interpretation of results. Precision in mapping of the watershed of the different sub-basins and drainage network is limited by the resolution of the Digital Elevation Model, however the fifth and sixth basins order, have been fairly well mapped. The subwatershed study has an area of 323.32 km2, of which 19.84% is occupied by 122 rock glaciers of different types (Cryogenic active, inactive and protalus, and probably some Glacigénicos). The protalus are the most abundant rock glacier type in this environment. Inactive rock glaciers are usually larger and occupy old glacial cirques. Nevertheless, are unidentified discovered glaciers or perennial snow patches.Pages: 3849-385
Uso de imagens de satélite e do sistema Openstreetmap no ensino universitário para produção e atualização de mapas digitais livres e abertos na Internet
No full textThis study analyzed Internet free and open map systems and elected OpenStreetMap as appropriate for undergraduate students who have studied and tested it. To confirm the applicability, we performed a test of data update of OpenStreetMap system. The test consisted in the introduction of some data generated by GPS; digitization of satellite image made available on the system itself by Bing and insertion of other spatial information, known by the authors of the work, on some internal roads of the studied area and its surroundings in the OpenStreetMap, and the verification of the existence of such data in other systems, as Google Earth and Wikimapia by viewing the maps available. We also analyzed the level of difficulty of using these systems for undergraduates. OpenStreetMap proved easy to be used by students. The adoption of tasks such as mapping towns by disciplines of Geography, Cartography, Environmental Management or related disciplines contribute to student learning and could leverage the production and updating of Internet free and open map. There is the need for disclosure and learning among young people from local communities, from small towns, inclusion in the curricula of undergraduated courses as to graduates who in the future will be using and enjoying this tool.Pages: 2634-264
Variabilidade bio-óptica no Atlântico Sul Subtropical e Pacífico Sudoeste
No full textThe chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) of surface waters can be retrieved from space using an empirical polynomial function of the maximum band ratio (MBR), i.e., the maximum ratio of remote sensing reflectance between blue and green bands. Recent studies have revealed significant deviations in the relation between MBR and Chla across the oceans. The present work aimed to access the main sources of MBR variability across the Sub-tropical South Atlantic and Southeast Pacific, using in situ data. The data was collected at 19 bio-optical CTD stations and 40 flow-through stations during a cruise onboard the R/V Melville, from South Africa to Chile (February-March, 2011). The MBR was derived from modeled remote sensing reflectance using absorption and backscattering measurements. Multivariate analyses were used to explain the variations with bio-optical properties and phytoplankton pigments. Chla overestimations were associated to high specific phytoplankton absorption, specific particle backscattering coefficient and colored dissolved and particle organic matter (CDM) absorption normalized by non-water absorption, and vice-versa. The overestimations occurred at stations with dominance of small picoplankton, high concentration of bacteria, and high CDM, while underestimations were in microplankton dominated waters and low CDM. The results reveal important relations of the MBR* with the specific coefficient and associated phytoplankton community structure across the different biogeographical provinces of the study region.Pages: 5840-584
Análise da utilização das geotecnologias em dissertações do mestrado interdisciplinar em ciências ambientais no período de 2006 a 2012-UEFS/BA
No full textThe Graduate Program in Modeling Earth Science and the Environment (PPGM), since the year 2006 has been developing activities and academic institutions seeking to connect new knowledge, processes and appropriate methodologies that address the interdisciplinary nature of its two lines of research: applied geotechnology and environmental studies. The PPGM is the only academic master of Bahia which has as one of its lines of research geotechnologies applied, becoming thus the dissemination of fundamental research developed in scientific events. The objective of this study was to examine the use of geotechnology in dissertations developed along the four selected classes and relating them to issues in the Brazilian Symposium on Remote Sensing 2013 - SBSR. It was also observed that the use of free software is still not used in such research, but all research used the GIS to perform the modeling and data integration. Of the thirty-two subjects (32) SBSR proposed in 2013, about forty (40) analyzed include dissertations in fourteen (14) of these subjects.Pages: 2554-256
Diagnóstico da ocupação irregular de áreas de APPs no entorno dos Lagos Igapó I e II e suas consequências para a população de Londrina - PR
No full textThe irregular occupation of the permanent preservation areas are consequences of urbanization of cities poorly planned, very common in brazilian large cities. In Londrina, located in the northern state of Paraná is not different. Igapó Lake I and II are artificial lakes created in 1959 by damming the creek Cambé and also a beautiful postcard of the city. It constantly suffers with bad urban planning and, as a result, the unwanted occupation of margins, which should be designed entirely for permanent preservation. However the actual zoning of the town is in contradiction with the current environmental law. This work shows by satellite images, processed with GIS Spring 5.2.1 software, the occupation of margins and how it were used. The margins were determined by buffer - a tool offered by GIS according to the Forest Code rules. The lake has been suffering environmental problems, such as siltation and flooding of the dam, due to precipitation surplus, like abnormal events occurred in 2011 and 2012. It was verified that there are many regions with irregular occupations in preservation areas. With the information produced by this work and further researches, it is possible to create guidelines and action plans to control the existing environmental damages.Pages: 2717-272