National Institute for Space Research
Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPENot a member yet
6175 research outputs found
Sort by
Utilização de um sistema de informação geográfica como apoio a gestão do voluntariado
No full textThis paper presents the process of building a system of volunteer management in the NGO Volunteer Partners - PV, using of a Geographic Information System GIS, for management of individual volunteerism to support NGOs that are supported by PV in Porto Alegre city, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Describes the theoretical basis used, the stages of acquisition of cartographic base, collection of information and data required, the "link" with the database of Volunteer Partners, the use of spatial analysis tools and non-spatial, planning and project design and implementation activities of the SIG. It also presents the results obtained from the analyzes of the same, especially demonstrating the different ways to use and the main advantages of a GIS in volunteer management.Pages: 4996-500
Avaliação do efeito de escala nos traçados e na caracterização física do rio Paraíba-PB a partir do MDE do SRTM
No full textDigital Elevation Models (DEM) are the primary source of information for analysing several characteristics of watersheds and river courses. Several products may be derived from DEM, like flow directions, flow accumulated area, drainage networks and length and slope of river reaches. If these information are to be produced in a spatial resolution lower than the available DEM, two distinct procedures may be used: DEM aggregation and flow directions upscaling. The former is based on resampling the original DEM to the lower resolution and them processing it as usual. The second approach uses specific algorithms for obtaining the low resolution flow direction grid based on the higher resolution flow direction and flow accumulated area. This paper analysis the impact of using these two procedures for deriving low-resolution drainage networks in the Paraiba river basin (located in Paraiba state, Brazil). Results are evaluated in terms of basin delineation, drainage networks flow paths and length and sinuosity of main river reaches, relatively to vector drainage network obtained by manually digitizing over Landsat images. The upscaling procedure obtained the closest results relatively to the reference vector drainage network, in terms of flow path and also in terms of the derived river characteristics (river length and sinuosity).Pages: 1182-118
Modelagem numérica em SIG aplicada a gestão de salinas solares
No full textIn solar saltworks, the limnological characteristics of the brines vary considerably through salt ponds, where drastic changes in these characteristics can damage the entire salt production. Although these systems constitute unique wetland habitats, new strategies and tools for management are poorly studied. In this sense, the Geographic Information Systems - GIS emerge as a technological alternative for analysis of ecological processes in different saltponds, and assessing the influence of transfers between the brines on the ecological parameters. In this research, were monitored some limnological parameters in seven sampling points distributed over the Salina Unidos (Macau-Brazil) circuit, during a complete production cycle. The software Spring 5.1.6 was used to build, store, analyze and model the spatial distribution of the parameters by numerical modeling. Salinity and alkalinity showed a relationship to salt production with extreme values in crystallizer zone. We identified a stratification of the salinity and temperature gradients, with values increasing from evaporation zone to concentration zone. Depth and dissolved showed a decrease from evaporation zone to concentration zone. It was analyzed distinct dynamics of these parameters, with an increase of concentrations of this and others parameters from evaporation zone to concentration zone, which showed a seasonal distribution heterogeneous and significantly different. This approach by GIS proved to be a practice tool for an adequate administration of solar saltworks (economic activity) and of the ecosystem managed.Pages: 6541-654
O uso de imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial - GeoEye na identificação da arborização urbana
No full textGeospatial tools such as Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) can provide, in a short time, extensive spatial data information from which urban forestry can be identified, quantified, qualified and analyzed for their spatial distribution in the city. The objective of this study was to verify the availability of using remote sensing techniques in high spatial resolution integrated with the concepts and methodologies of landscape ecology, with the purpose to provide spatial information as a base for the land use planning in urban area. The study area was defined as the Santo Inácio district, located in the Regional Santa Felicidade in Curitiba City - Paraná state, Brazil. With GeoEye-1 sensor images, were applied techniques of image enhancement, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI and Principal Components, and decision tree classification technique in a programming environment (MATLAB). The district had a 57% vegetation cover area. Preliminary results demonstrated that it is possible the urban forestry identification through a high-resolution satellite image - GeoEye-1 by creating decision rules and applying them in a programming environment. Were possible to identify more precisely a specified urban forestry typology - the green area. With refinements in the used techniques might be possible to identify others urban forestry types like particular green areas and street trees.Pages: 1030-103
Geobotânica por sensoriamento remoto em Floresta de Restinga na Estação Ecológica Jureia-Itatins, Iguape-SP
No full textGeobotany studies the relation between the physical environment and the physiognomic, morphological, taxonomic, phenological and physiological expressions of the vegetation. Traditionally utilized in exploration geology, in which the intense geological variability extends up to the soil, geobotany can be applied to geologically-common terrains. The Jureia-Itatins Ecological Station, located in southeastern Brazils Iguape municipality, contains several phytophysiognomies associated with the Atlantic Forest biome, including the Restinga Forest. This forest, of significant biodiversity, grows on sediments deposited during sea-level variations in the Quaternary. The joint analysis of sediment granulometry, soil fertility, water table depth, leaf area, number of trees per plot, floristic similarity and species density allowed to separate homologous areas, here called geobotanical units. Remote sensing has been successfully applied to geobotany and, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between the canopies spectral response from the studied mosaic of forests and the aforementioned set of field parameters i.e., the relationship between the canopies and the geobotanical units. Bands of the reflected spectrum of ASTER Images, processed accordingly to the systemic method, revealed the correlation between the canopy spectral behaviour and the set of field parameters. There are three important advances: (i) an indication that the set of parameters of the physical environment and the forestry characteristics may define the local environment, (ii) the set of parameters is manifested in the canopy and (iii) multispectral optical images with medium spectral and spatial resolution could partially identify this canopy variability and its relation to the physical environment.Pages: 3720-372
Padrões espaciais dos remanescentes da Mata Atlântica e elementos que compõem a paisagem da Serra Do Mar no Vale Do Paraíba - Microrregião do Paraíbuna-Paraitinga
No full textThe intense fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest raises some important questions for understanding its spatial dynamics, especially about the relationships between the natural and anthropic elements. Regions of high altitude and rough reliefs, such as Serra do Mar, are well conserved and the natural vegetation can be found in large continuous areas. However, the flatter regions are quite different; they are more developed and disturbed and hence have few forests remnants scattered across the landscape. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the spatial distribution of the Atlantic Forest remnants based on their relations with some physical and anthropic factors, in the Microregion Paraibuna-Paraitinga. By a multivariate linear regression model we analyzed the forest remnants and some factors that could be related with its own spatial distribution, such as: altitude, slope, aspect, hydrography, Conservation Units (CUs) and roads network. We create a cellular database (500m x 500m), which was filled with 9 different variables created by the elements cited before. These data were analyzed using the R software, specifically its statistical package aRT. The dependent variable for the regression was the total percentage of forest, based on vegetation data of 2010. The final regression model found a R2 of 0.76, so that the presence of CU's was the factor with major significance to represent the fragments. For CUs outside locations, the terrains aspect and the distance from municipal roads (unpaved) were the most significant elements to represent the spatial distribution of the Atlantic Forest remnants.Pages: 7663-767
Expansão urbana nas áreas inundáveis do rio Paranhana no município de Igrejinha/RS
No full textThe floods of the Paranhana river reach thousands of residents of the Igrejinha City, Brazil. Still, were observed, in field activities, evidences that the human occupation continues advancing on the Paranhana river flood areas. Such evidences can be proven from orbital data of high spatial resolution. The utilization of remote sensing data, combined with geoprocessing techniques, provides support for the analysis of the human occupation on flooded areas. The objective of this study is to analyze the urban expansion in flooded areas of the Paranhana river in Igrejinha, by using remote sensing data, geoprocessing tools and hydrologic models. The flooded areas were spatially distributed by hydrological models, considering a rain that lasts 24 hours and has the reoccurrence of 50 years. And then were identified the constructions built in the period between 09/03/2005 and 22/06/2010 - dates of orbital images used - in the flooded areas. Finally, the urban expansion in these areas was analyzed considering the vulnerability of constructions to the floods. The main results obtained were: i) the rain (24 h; reoccurrence = 50 years) was of 185 mm, generating a flow peak of 1189 m³/s and a rise of 9.5 m in the Paranhana river level, ii) the spatial distribution of flooded areas showed satisfactory results, in keeping with the records obtained in field activities, iii) it was identified 759 constructions built in the period 2005-2010, in the flooded areas, 88% of residential use, iv) 39.1% of the buildings were classified as highly vulnerable to the floods.Pages: 920-92
Determinação de fluxos radiativos em áreas heterogêneas no estado de São Paulo com imagens TM-Landsat 5
No full textRemote sensing allows changes detection that occurs on Earth resulting from natural and/or anthropic phenomenon, many of which can be diagnosed through radiation balance. In this regard, the present study aims to determine the surface radiation balance using TM-Landsat 5 images, in the Mogi-Guaçu watershed - São Paulo state (Brazil), and complementary data collected from two point of the selected area. Ten TM images were selected from 2005 year: nine were totally unclouded and one presented intense cloudiness. The results were validated with surface measurements of two micrometerological towers installed inside the studied area. Instantaneous net radiation varied between 100 and 760 Wm-2, with prevalence of values ranging from 457 to 760.0 Wm-2 in the months with higher solar radiation, remarkably in the most densely covered by vegetation zones (eucalyptus plantations, and primary native vegetation). Daily net radiation - Rn, 24h presented values between 28 and 98 Wm-2 (June) and between 83 and 264 Wm-2 (November). The model used to compute Rn, 24h was capable to generate values very close to the measured on surface, even in very cloudy days. The Absolute Median Error, the Relative Median Error and the Median Quadratic Error Root, associated to Rn,24h computation were: 8.3 Wm-2 , 8.4 % and 10.4 Wm-2, respectively, showing the importance and precision of the technique used.Pages: 6487-649
Uso de câmeras de baixo custo acopladas a veículos aéreos leves no estudo do aporte de sedimentos no Lago Paranoá
No full textSatellite multispectral imageries are usually limited in low space resolution, long revisit cycle or high cost. This paper presents our ongoing research on developing cost-effective unmanned airship on board Multispectral imagery system to acquire high-resolution multispectral imagery for quick-response to change suspended sediments discharge issues. First, the overall architecture of developed system is described. After that, system integration including CCD cameras coupling, GPS/INS synchronization, stabilize platform control and wireless communication are discussed in detail. Next, describe the image processing, mainly band ration. Finally, flight experiments are implemented to acquire high-resolution multispectral imageries along the Paranoá Lake in two dates (dry season and wet season). The team was able to obtain two multispectral georeferenced images with 0,01m of ground resolution from a collection of 300 individual images collected from 60 meters high. Conclusions are conducted as well. The analysis of two images possibility to understand the relation between the input discharge of Bananal river and drainage system of Norwest neighborhood.Pages: 9332-933
Utilização de ferramentas de geoprocessamento para a construção de um índice de qualidade urbana
No full textThe world's cities continuous to grow in population size, triggering numerous environmental problems at multiples scales. With these environmental problems and more densely built up cities, urban environment has become increasingly stressful and uncomfortable. This way several efforts have been made with the intent to measure and map these conditions in an integrated index of urban environmental quality, ordering to make it an effective tool for urban planning. According to Nichol and Wong (2005, 2009) quantify an Urban Environmental Quality index (UEQ) is a complex task, since UEQ is a function of a large number of parameters that act synergistically, varying continuously and combining urban landscape at various scales of analysis.There is not a simple way to model and predict the interactions of all UEQ aspects, however some previous studies have used the statistical method of factor analysis to identify relationships between different parameters derived from satellite images. Due to temporal and spatial variability of UEQ, remote sensing has advantages for its study, such as synchronized data coverage over a large area with detailed spatial resolution, high temporal frequency, low cost and the possibility of integration with other data through GIS softwares . Thus, the UEQ to São José dos Campos - SP will be developed based on Liang and Weng (2011) methodology, considering following environmental variables extracted from satellite images: vegetation index, surface temperature, impervious surface, cover and land use; and socioeconomic variables from Census, in accord to its representability.Pages: 1159-116