National Institute for Space Research
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Extração automática de lineamentos utilizando imagens SRTM, Landsat ETM+ e ALOS PALSAR na região de Nobres, MT
No full textThe viability of using model digital of surface from SRTM, Lansat ETM and PALSAR/ALOS images for automatic extraction of lineaments is the purpose of this article. The research was conducted from images of a sedimentary terrain located in Paraguay Belt (Province of Tocantins), Mato Grosso state, where the structures have preferential orientation NE-SW. This area has intense human occupation which makes it difficult to separate linear features of geological interest from those produced by human action. The extraction of lineaments was done with algorithm LINE from PCI/GEOMATIC which has six parameters that controlled o level of details of the extraction. It were tested values found in reference article and others are proposed in this work. From SRTM was generated shaded relief image with azimuthal direction of solar illumination perpendicular to trend structural. The results obtained in this study led to the conclusion that SRTM images were more efficient at extracting geological lineaments in relation to Landsat and PALSAR/ALOS because the automatic lineament extraction method approach does not discriminate man made features and non-geological features during the analysis.Pages: 3688-369
Variáveis condicionantes para a ocorrência de incêndios no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia
No full textEvery year the Itatiaia National Park (INP) suffers from numerous occurrences of fires that modify the ecosystem. That way becomes essential to the creation of methodologies that can help predict fire. The objective of this work is evaluate geomorphologic and meteorological variables are conditioning for the occurrence of fire. Using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) constructed from level curve relative of topographic maps from INP were possible the extraction of geomorphologic variables (form of slope, altitude, solar radiation and declivity). From de data obtained by precipitation of rainfall stations was calculated the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) that can be categorize dry and wet periods in the quarterly scale. Using these variables was done compared with the record of occurrence of fire (ROI), for evaluate how these variables influence on the fire regime, making possible the refinement of techniques to construct fire susceptibility maps. The obtained results shows that variables conditioned for geomorphology of relief are more significant for the fire susceptibility study of INP is solar radiation and form of slope. These variables identify spatially areas susceptible to fires, that along with the driest time periods, defined by the SPI, improved the methodology for fire susceptibility mapping developed in the Cartography Laboratory of UFRJ (GEOCART).Pages: 4853-486
Análise das áreas de contribuição de parques aquícolas do reservatório de Furnas - MG
No full textAt the end of the year 2011 the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation started a project aiming to develop a model for monitoring and evaluation of impacts on fish farming in cages. The project needs to define an aquaculture park of the Furnas reservoir for the installation of a platform for collecting meteorological and limnological data. The choose of the appropriate location for positioning the platform should be based on knowledge of the topography and the land use and cover of the contribution area of each aquaculture park, so that we can establish the relationship of these factors with the water quality. This paper aims to delimit the contribution area of the Furnas reservoir and the catchment area of aquaculture parks in order to characterize the topographic factor and land use and cover around the reservoir. Therefore has the purpose of collecting information to assist in choosing an aquaculture park among the sixteen existing in Furnas reservoir for the installation of a platform for data collection. A digital elevation model generated based on SRTM data was used for the delimitation of the contributing areas. Were used images from Landsat-5 and ResourceSat-1 addition to field surveys to characterize the use and land cover around the reservoir. We found that the Furnas reservoir have a catchment area estimated at 52.264 km2 while the catchment area of aquaculture parks varies from 2.5 to 630 km2. The main land uses around the reservoir are for livestock and cultivation of coffee and corn.Pages: 6830-683
Classificação orientada a objeto para mapeamento do uso e cobertura do solo do município de Rio Acima - MG: por crescimento de regiões e por extração de objetos
No full textFront of the diversity of high and medium resolutions sensors available, robust classification methods increasingly are implemented in PDI softwares. Nowadays in Brazil besides private corporations, the INPE has been the pioneer in the development of such tools, and offers among others, free softwares that looked for to work with such advanced methods for image classification. This article seeks to compare and bring an overview between the mechanisms for classification of satellite images by Regions and Object Oriented, using two softwares: SPRING and ENVI EX. The first one is a free INPE's software and the other is commercial software developed by Exelis Visual Information Solutions. This article search verifies which of these solutions works better in supervisioned classification using RapidEye images, one uses only the spectral response into its algorithm, and the other tries to identify objects using spectral response, in addition to others characteristics in its algorithms such as size, color, form, texture, size, and so on. After running the two mappings, the evaluation was made based in a basic parameter for measure classification performance, which is the matrix of errors and visual inspection.Pages: 8035-804
Mapeamento, caracterização e correlação de superfícies de aplainamento no leste de Goiás, norte de Minas Gerais e oeste da Bahia
No full textThe paper presents a characterization of the planing surfaces in the north Minas Gerais and east Goiás, besides contributing to the understanding of the relationship of these geomorphic surfaces with the highest profiles of change in order to define the regional stratigraphic markers. Were identified and mapped the highest geomorphic paleosurfaces relating these to the profiles of change and eventually deposits associated, seeking to systematize the knowledge already produced and performing other more specific in the area searched. To this end, detailed descriptions and samples for chemical analysis of representative profiles of the different areas were made. This allowed the identification of ancient processes of change and verification of lithological discontinuities enabling confirmation or exclusion of the hypothesis that it can effectively through the paleosurfaces studies indicate very specific moments of the evolutionary framework geomorphological, climatic, pedological and biotic, especially Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary of the Middle region object of analysis. Despite the importance of the topic, it is still rare in Brazil, the systematization of the knowledge generated on geomorphic surfaces and their higher associated materials in the study area, which is the major justification of the development work.Pages: 3550-355
Contribution of biomass fires to black carbon supply in a tropical river basin assessed using a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model and MODIS burned area product
No full textBlack carbon (BC) is known to be a potential sink of carbon for the global carbon cycle, particularly if long-term ocean stores are reached. Fluvial transport to the oceans can occur through the dissolution of BC in river water. Evidence from the Paraiba do Sul river basin, Brazil suggests that river DBC concentration is related to charcoal formed during the deforestation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. However, we highlight several key potential sources of BC to the basin that are yet to be considered. We hypothesize that external biomass fires are a source of BC to the basin on the basis that BC released from them can be transported over large distances before being deposited. This hypothesis is tested by quantifying the number of biomass fires intercepted by trajectories en route to the basin using the HYSPLIT model and a MODIS burned area dataset. We then create a Black Carbon Fallout Index (BCFI) which is rationalized by our assumption that atmospheric BC delivery to the basin is proportional to the number of interceptions of air masses en route to the basin. Our results suggest that the BC fallout from air masses reaching the basin in the dry season can explain 50% of the variance in DBC measured in the PSR channel during a subsequent collection campaign (p<.001). Spatial and temporal variations in the supply of BC to the basin throughout the dry season may in part be linked to the fires associated with the cultivation of sugarcane in southeast Brazil.Pages: 6822-682
Geotecnologias aplicadas na análise do crescimento urbano e suas implicações na macrodrenagem da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Cambuí, São José dos Campos-SP
No full textThis paper presents a methodology for land use/land cover mapping, using geo-technologies, during the timeframe 2008 and 2010. Afterwards, the land use/land cover classes were associated to imperviousness indices and related to the occurrences of flooding and inundations of Ribeirão Cambuí, located within the urban area of São José dos Campos. The methodological development consisted in the analysis and interpretation of satellite images to map land use/land cover associated to soil imperviousness, using the SPRING platform to represent them spatially. The temporal analysis performed with the geo-technologies used indicated the efficiency of these tools for the analysis of changes within the urban space, providing important information for governmental planning activities.Pages: 7647-765
Utilização de razões espectrais para avaliar atividade fitoplanctônica em um ambiente aquático continental
No full textThe Contamination of water resources by waste from human activities has been one of the major risk factors for human health. Artificial eutrophication is responsible for changes in water quality including the reduction of dissolved oxygen, aquatic biodiversity, extensive death of fish, the increased incidence of blooms of microalgae and cyanobacteria. In this scenario, the remote sensing has emerged as an effective tool for detection of Optically Active Components (COAs) in the body of water over large areas of land surface allowing rapid and efficient decision-makers. Specifically for phytoplankton activity, many methods have been employed in an attempt to quantify and qualify these pigments photosynthetically active with spectral reflectance curves and multi / hyperspectral images. A method commonly used is the ratio of spectral bands. Thus, this study was carried out tests of reasons bands in the literature to detect specific pigments that characterize the presence of algae in the Nova Avanhandava-SP reservoir, such as cyanobacteria. The field survey was carried out in part of Nova Avanhandava reservoir during the dry season. Results showed that the spectral bands ratios obtained were better for the estimation of chlorophyll a, especially for spectral features located in the green region and near infrared, but low correlations were found for phycocyanin.Pages: 8980-898
Mapeamento de características de solos tropicais utilizando Self-Organizing Map aplicado à dados hiperespectrais
No full textThe sensor Hyperion was launched in late 2000 and represents an advance to hyperspectral remote sensing. However, due from technical aspects has always presented a large amount of nonlinear noise among the bands. Our goal was apply self-organizing map (SOM) technic on Hyperion data without noise correction for mapping tropical soil characteristics. For these purposes, spectral signatures (0.4-2.5µm) of tropical soils were used as input data. We mapped Photosynthetically Active Vegetation as background of Hyperion scene, Bare Soil and Clayey Soil, with range of R2 between 0.90-0.93. SOM was efficient in both visualization and analysis procedures, and in the ability identifying nonlinear topological relation in order to classify targets, to correct noise and clustering spectral soil characteristics.Pages: 8948-895
Índice de sensibilidade ambiental (ISA) a partir do processamento de imagens RapidEye para o litoral paraense (Soure,Curuçá e Bragança)
No full textThe oil spill has become a fact not isolated in Brazil, causing many environmental impacts at various stages. Thus, the production of maps representing the Environmental sensitivity index (ESI) has become important for the implementation of contingency plans and emergency response. The ESI is composed of a rating scale ranging from 1 to 10, representing the impact scale caused by oil. The municipalities of Soure, Curuçá and Bragança, east of Pará state, has not had a semi-detail map that cared about this kind of human action, so this work has been generated to analyze the coastal environment from the RapidEye images processing and a survey of the field contributed to the identification of areas that suffer the most spills occur. Hence, it was possible to classify five indices for the study area, which were grouped into: ESI 3A- sandy beaches and dunes with finely exposed, ESI 7-tidal sandflat; ESI 9A- Ebb delta and tidal mudflat; ESI 10A-Salt marsh and ESI 10C- mangrove. So the mapping ESI are products that may help in the design of strategies for prevention and control of accidents during activities of production and transportation of oil used by oil companies, making it a good prevention strategy, because it avoids the high cost of operations of cleanup activities, payment of damages and restoration of environments impacted by an event of oil spills.Pages: 1371-137