National Institute for Space Research
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Zoning of Amazon forest based on environmental data using MODIS
No full textWe are conducting the joint international research project with FFPRI(Japan), INPE (Sao Paulo) and INPA (Manaus) on Amazon forest carbon dynamic. This report focuses on the use of MODIS data in forest biomass mapping in the Amazon, particularly for the topic on the ecosystem zoning based on forest stand environment. The time-series filtering (KLM-FIT) was applied to the MODIS 1-7 reflectance products (MOD09A1 ver.5) and cloud-free NDVI and NDII dataset were created. The day- and night-time temperature data were also processed. The SRTM, biome type map, rainfall data, soil type map, forest cover map in 2001 to 2008 were also integrated for classification. Because the data contain numerical data, categorical data and nominal scale data, we adopted the classification method of symbolic sequence based on the count kernel by converting the continuous number into a symbol. For classifying the site environments, this method applies the Self-Organizing Map algorithm. And a prototype of site environmental map with 500m resolution was created.Pages: 3068-307
Avaliação espacial da evolução do Uso e Cobertura da Terra no município de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS
No full textThe aim of this work was to study the gradual development of the Use of Land and Surfaces during 1993 and 2011 in Santa Cruz do Sul - a municipality located in the Central region of Rio Grande do Sul in order to understand its dynamics so that an appropriate plan for use can be established. The images were sourced through the Thematic Mapper sensor of the Landsat 5 satellite, available from the website of INPE, at 80 and 81 points/222 orbits, and processed using Spring 5.2.1 software. Bhattacharya was the algorithm used in supervised classification where the following classes were shown: native forest, planted forest, field, exposed soil, agricultural use and water. A programming in Spatial Language of Algebric Geoprocessing (LEGAL) was also used, where it has been possible to quantify the transitions of thematic classes sampled over the years, focusing on the dynamics between forest and agricultural use. With the generation of thematic maps it was concluded that only the class corresponding to the native forest had shown a decrease - around 30% - whilst the areas used for agriculture were less significant in growth (18%). It is noticed that the limited increase of areas intended for agricultural use is being offset by forest plantations which supply firewood to tobacco farmers- by forest inspections, urban growth and redevelopment of areas previously used for agriculture and pasture (fields).Pages: 1579-158
Estimativas dos fluxos de energia em áreas com cultivo de cana-de-açúcar e soja na mesorregião do Sul Goiano
No full textThe phenomenon of evapotranspiration is essential for understanding the dynamics of the atmosphere in a region. At a time when discussions occur on the growth of agricultural production in Brazil and its insertion in the international market also growing concern about the environmental impacts caused by land use change, especially in the Brazilian savana (cerrado) biome. This study aimed to estimate the surface radiation fluxes and evapotranspiration daily mesoregion South Goiano grow where agricultural activities of cultivating sugar cane and soybeans on grassland areas. The SEBAL algorithm was implemented with images of MODIS / Terra, supplemented with data from automatic weather station of Morrinhos, to estimate the surface radiation fluxes and evapotranspiration in daily mesoregion South Goiano. The values of energy flows Rn, G, H and λET, were calculated separately and the value of λET was obtained as waste of energy balance. Also identified were the values of these parameters in pixels cerrado, cane sugar and soybeans as land use representative of the study area. The results showed that the values of cane sugar were closer to the cerrado. The values of soybeans were different compared with the savanna and cane sugar. The daily values of actual evapotranspiration reached 6.0 mm.d-1 and slightly exceeded this value.Pages: 15-2
Análise espacial de focos ativos nas áreas prioritárias para conservação e áreas antropizadas no estado de Minas Gerais durante o período de 2000 a 2011
No full textForest fires can result in the loss of biodiversity due to the destruction of natural habitats and are considered a misdemeanor, as defined by Federal Law no. 12.727/12. Areas protected by law, located around the agricultural and forestry production, besides hosting species of fauna and flora of ecological importance, may show high combustibility. This study aimed to map the intensity of foci of fires active in the period from 2000 to 2011, in areas of high biodiversity and anthropogenic alteration of the state of Minas Gerais, according to indexes integrity of the flora of Ecological and Economic Zoning of Minas Gerais. Data on active foci are derived from NOAA satellites 12 and 15, sensor Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with spatial resolution at nadir of 1.10 km2 and revisits in the same point every 12 hours. From the use of the method Kernel of interpolation, we sought to characterize the areas of high ecological importance where wildfires occur frequently and anthropized areas where fire is used for the management of land use in the form of controlled burning. The methodology utilized allowed to characterize the areas according to the intensity of active foci in the period considered. The result was the identification of areas of high ecological relevance where forest fires are frequent and recurrent and the areas where fires probably occurred for agricultural or forestry purposes.Pages: 6409-641
Análise Geológica-Estrutural auxiliada por Sensoriamento Remoto aplicada aos Estudos Geoambientais no Sub-Gráben Guandu-Sepetiba - RJ
No full textCharacterization of geologic structures for environmental analyses were performed, with an aid of a fusion of thematic maps, Landsat images and a Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data, for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) elaboration. The area defined for this research is to embrace the Sub-Graben Guandu-Sepetiba, diversified region, with mangroves, bays, beaches and forests in the southwest portion of the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. The choice of this area was motivated by the increasing environmental pressure in this region. A three-dimensional image of the area was generated and analyzed for the better comprehension of topography, stream drainage patterns and structural-geological features. This research presents the potentialities of derived products of geoprocessing (maps, tridimensional images, topographic profiles) in contribution for the geo-environmental studies. The demand for new places for garbage disposal, besides raw materials sources like sand, find in Seropédica, at the Rio de Janeiro State, an ideal place. Inherent risks of the process associated with leaks in garbage dumps, gas pipelines, landslides, aquifer contamination and floods, make necessary an increasing environment monitoring of this important water supply region of RJ, that belongs to the Hydrographic Basin of the Guandu River (BHRG).Pages: 3696-370
Aplicação de regressão linear múltipla no mapeamento digital de solos, no Distrito Federal
No full textThe traditional conventional soil maps production process have some limitations related to the confiability of the qualitative interpretations, difficulties at the extrapolation of the obtained information for others areas, further that belated and expensivity of this traditional process. These limitations could be minimized through the digital soil mapping, that is made in a quantitative way, using tools like geographic information systems, and geo-technologies, allied to the disponibility of new mathematic and statistics methods, in order to establish quantitatively the relationships between soils and landscape features, thus, this work had by objective, apply the linear multiple regression technique, on the digital soil mapping, at the Rio Jardim watershed, analysing variables like geology, geomorphology, and digital elevation model (DEM) derivated attributes, to reach a soil occuring function. The geology and the DEM derivated attributes: altitude, and slope, was variables that was used to create an equation that provided the soil map. The slope variable provides substantial influence at the distribution of soils at the Rio Jardim watershed. With the application of linear multiple regression technique, the soil mapping was faster and less onerous, making possible to extrapolate the purposed methodology for other regions in need of soil maps in a more detailed scale.Pages: 9232-923
Uso de mineração de dados na identificação da cobertura vegetal através de modelos espectrais: uma contribuição metodológica para o mapeamento na escala 1:100.000
No full textThis work aims to establish a spectral model that facilitates the identification and mapping of forest areas through classification of satellite images acquired on the West Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, a mesoscale approach (1:100,000). The study area in question presents a framework of intense urban growth, both by large commercial enterprises as property which causes the remaining forest areas suffer increasing pressure. Therefore it is extremely important to making maps of vegetation, so that monitoring is done, making it easier to identify and protect the area. To perform this study we used images of TM sensor of Landsat-5 for the year 2010 and the methodology follows the approach of object-based image analysis with the aid of data mining (Weka 3.2) and eCognition software. To validate the results were generated random points in the image that then were analyzed using the Google Earth program, which allowed the generation of a confusion matrix to evaluate the quality of the generated mapping. Importantly, the ranking generated despite not having undergone any manual editing or changing model achieved a high level of quality.Pages: 3207-321
Caracterização física da área de captação do reservatório Dona Francisca - RS
No full textThe present work shows how thematic analysis of the catchment area of the reservoir of Dona Francisca Hydroelectric Plant, located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul has as general objective to characterize the river basin, considering the land use and topography of watershed. This study enabled us to emphasize the conditions and inter-relationships and physical environment with the use of remote sensing images. Understood initially on defining the objectives to be achieved and a survey of sources that allow deeper understanding of the subject. It is the collection of information, preparation of base map, georeferenced database and thematic maps, quantification and analysis of data. The watershed has 240130 ha with the presence of 1493,94 km of drainage network. The topographic profile showed that areas of higher elevation altimetric are located upstream of the study area in the northwestern portion, which reach nearly 650 meters. In the classification of the land use map and also depending on the characteristics of the relief, it is clear that the study area presents distinct features. It is noteworthy that this work presented results allowed the identification of locations where the presence of human action is more intense, as well as areas of high concentration of vegetation and topographical variations. In the processing of Landsat / TM, the class of forests stood up and showed greater area in the watershed studied.Pages: 4169-417
Avaliação do impacto da incorporação do traçado das ruas na simulação de inundações urbanas
No full textThe street burning is a procedure that consists in adjusting a digital elevation model (DEM) to streets paths, by lowering DEM pixels located along the streets. It can be used to create a DEM to be applied to simulate urban floods with two-dimensional hydrologic models (2D). This paper aims at evaluating the impact of incorporating streets path to DEM in 2D inundation modeling, considering as a case study the urban catchment of Arroio Moinho da Areia, in Porto Alegre. The street burning procedure was applied using 20, 30 and 40 cm depths for lowering elevation along the streets. Urban flood simulations were performed for a design rainfall of 100-years time of recurrence and duration of about 1 hour and 40 minutes. The 2D inundation model was run for each modified DEM, and also for the original DEM. A post processing algorithm was used to analyze the results. The results show how the depth value used on street burning can influence the characteristics of the inundation simulated within the 2D model, such as water depths, percentage of inundation and inundation extent. As these variables are related to estimates of damages and costs, and used as input information for decision support systems, it is important to detect the variation of results due to the value used to street burning.Pages: 5800-580
O uso de imagens de satélite como suporte para o aprendizado significativo da cartografia no ensino fundamental
No full textThe cartographic education, fundamental to the study of geography, which has been neglected in basic education, needs new tools to make learning more effective. In view of the numerous transformations that the world faces today, and given the rapid evolution of this technology, it is essential that the current stance of pedagogical education professionals share these changes in the classroom, through actions and materials that go in the same direction. Therefore, this work presents a contribution to a more motivating practice, involving the use of Geotechnology, and in particular the techniques of Remote Sensing, teaching the basics of cartography for students in the early grades of the second segment of elementary school. Through a fun and interactive approach, the proposed activities of a practical nature, had as main objective to make students subject in the construction of cartographicknowledge, in search of a more enjoyable, meaningful and inclusive learning process. The use of new technologies, increasingly present today, besides contributing to the cartographic education of children and adolescents, it enables a broadening perception of lived space and its transformations. In this context, the use and dissemination of satellite imagery as support to this learning process in the school environment, may contribute to the formation of a more aware, and inserted citizen in building a participatory society that allows everyone to guarantee the fulfillment of their current and future needs.Pages: 2591-259