National Institute for Space Research
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Geoprocessamento aplicado na caracterização fisiografia da microbacia do Ribeirão Duas Águas - Botucatu (SP)
No full textThe morfometric characterization of a watershed are measured physical that serve as instruments for determination of several parameters related to the resources hydric. That work aimed at the geoprocessing application in the analysis hydrologic and environmental of the Stream Duas Aguas watershed - Botucatu (SP) through the Geographical Information System, seeking to the preservation, rationalization of his use and environmental recovery.The watershed presents an area of 4007,19ha and it is located among the parallel ones 22o 43' 49" to 22o 49' 29" of latitude S and 48o 17' 53" to 48o 22' 03" of longitude W Gr. The used cartographic base was the shart planialtimetric of Botucatu (SP), in scale 1:50000 (IBGE, 1970) in the extraction of the level curves, f the hydrographic and of the topography, in atmosphere of Geographical Information System - Idrisi Selva, for determination of the indexes morphometric. The results show that the low values of the drainage density, frequency of rivers and texture reason associated to the presence of permeable rocks, they facilitate the infiltration of the water in the soil, reducing the superficial drainage and the erosion risk and of the environmental degradation, as well as the low value of the form factor (0,58) aided by the circular index (0,47) it indicates that the watershed tends to be more prolonged with smaller susceptible to the occurrence of inundations more accentuated, and consequently a tendency of smaller risk of silting of the courses d' water and of the environmental degradation of the drainage net.Pages: 5101-510
Estudo preliminar de antenas para uso em rastreamento de animais através de satélites brasileiros
No full textThe study of the behavior of wild animals in their habitat has always arouse the interest of the scientific community. The use of technologies that affect minimally these habits will characterize the species under study more realistic than those seen only in captivity. In Brazil, the Brazilian Environmental Data - SINDA, although not developed for this purpose, can be used to trace these species, helping the researcher in understanding the behavior of the animal, without the need of presence in loco. Generally a system transmitter is urged in the animal, with the aid of a collar. This system is responsible for sending messages to Brazilian satellites, for further processing. To optimize the rate of receipt of these messages, investigates, among other elements, the commonly used antenna model taking into account the cross-section and material constitution, with and without the collar. Perform a series of simulations, analyzing the improvement or worsening of gain and return losses generated by different antenna structures. At the end it is noticed that the collar only affects significantly the return losses and the model commonly used part attenuates the transmitted signal, that is, part of the energy being propagated by the antenna is dissipated by itself.Pages: 9043-904
Mapeamento e análise do uso e cobertura da terra do Estado do Espírito Santo - 2010, a partir de imagens de sensoriamento remoto
No full textThis article aims to demonstrate how the land use and cover can indicate ways and trends regarding the occupation of the territory. Through techniques of remote sensing and GIS, and using Landsat satellite image of 2010, a mapping was conducted in order to identify crops, planted forest, forests, mangroves, grasslands, restinga vegetation, wetland, stream, mining areas, rocky outcrop, urban occupation and beach for the whole territory of Espirito Santo State. After mapping, it was identified that the reality of land use and cover of our state, is not as simple as it seems. Complex processes of occupation occur in certain areas, causing the understanding of the spatial organization of these patterns, as they depict human activities and spaces that can mean materialized pressure and impact on the natural elements.Pages: 7695-770
Proposta de Manejo para as Microbacias do Rio do Braço e Ribeirão Fazenda Velha no Municipio de Monteiro Lobato-SP, Brasil
No full textThe sub-drainage Basin of Braço River and Ribeirão Fazenda Velha are located in the Montero Lobato City, São Paulo State, and together they have an area of 954.21 hectares. They are part of the main basin of the mentioned city and they are included in Paraíba do Sul Basin. The Permanent Preservation Area has 359.7 hectares, which 64.4% of this area has unsuitable land use, mainly because of pastures. The goal of this present work is to present a Management Proposal of this study area, which through a zoning of area should guide the activities to be developed, respecting legislations and using natural resources appropriately to achieve a sustainable environment. This Management Proposal will bring positive outcomes for the environment and life quality for the region, considering its productivity and sustainable economy.Pages: 7056-706
Mudanças no regime do fogo no bioma Cerrado: o caso do Parque Estadual do Jalapão
No full textThis study in the biome Cerrado, Brazilian savanna, quantified burnt areas in the Jalapão Park region from Landsat imagery of period 1997-2010 and it estimated some components of fire regime. A fire regime is a fundamental data for management in ecosystems and protected areas subjected to periodical burning like the ones found in savannas as Cerrado. The Park is a protected area in Tocantins state with 158.885,5 ha. The burnt areas were delimited through visual interpretation in the Park and in her buffer zone; they were calculated for early and later dry season to infer the fire seasonality; and for 1997-2002 and 2004-2010 periods to infer the influence of Park implementation in 2003. The annual burnt area media was a third of the areas studied that signifies a fire return time of about three years and the annual burnt areas reached almost half of the analyzed areas. Those suggest a high incidence of fire that could have harmful effects in that environment. The incidence of fire decreased from 35.9% to 28.0% of the Park area after her implementation in 2003 that suggest the use of fire management by managers. The fire seasonality also changed: bigger burnt areas were at the early dry season in 1997-2002 but at the later in 2004-2010. This change could be negative effects to the environment since the fires at the end of the dry season are more intense and extensive.Pages: 6401-640
Relação entre diferentes usos e coberturas da terra e declividade do terreno: implicações em conservação do solo
No full textSoil erosion is a major problem for agriculture and for the environment. This not only reduces the areas of productive land but also acts as a pollutant to rivers, lakes and other water systems. Among the factors that favor the processes of erosion is the crop production on sloping terrain without the use of proper techniques for soil conservation. In the Brazilian land capacity classification system, slope levels are directly related to the class of allowable intensity of use with minor nuances due to edaphoclimatic factors. This study aims to characterize and to classify different land use/cover to evaluate its relationship and suitability with slope classes, which are defined according to each level of land use capacity. TM/Landst image and slope map were processed to generate the land use/cover map and the slope classes of an area in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil. The image were segmented by object-based analysis and classified manually. The land use/cover and the slope classes map were overlaid in a geographic information system and its relationship were quantified and analyzed through some statistics. The classes of land use/cover mapped on the area are sugarcane, citrus, pasture, native forest, planted forest and urban area. It was observed that each land use/cover is concentrated in different slope ranges. Some interesting facts was discussed concerning the methodological approach and the relationship between the land use/cover and slope classes. There are some conflicts of land uses and their suitability in terms of land use capability.Pages: 9216-922
Padrões de ocupação no Pantanal brasileiro e sua dinâmica entre os nos de 2002 e 2008: sensoriamento remoto e mineração de dados espaciais aplicados à análise espaço-temporal do desmatamento
No full textThe Brazilian Pantanal is the largest wetland in the world and in recent years has suffered from increased deforestation in their domains. Several actors have worked in the space production of Pantanal, result in different dynamics of occupation and impacts. Urban areas, small farms, native vegetation and extensive farming compose the mosaic of existing occupations in this biome. Therefore, this work presents a methodology to map and measure the different patterns of deforestation and occupation existing in the Pantanal and its special dynamics over time.Pages: 7064-707
O registro e o uso da técnica de fusão de imagens para análise da cobertura e uso da terra na sub-bacia hidrográfica Arroio Pimenta, Arroio do Padre-RS
No full textRegistration is one of the first steps in image processing, necessary to integrate spatial data into one common coordinate system. With the adjusted images it is possible to make image fusion, which consists of a technique to fuse multispectral and panchromatic images, providing a hybrid image with enhanced resolution. Based on these statements, the study initially evaluates the ability of Regeemy 0.2.43 in the georeference of images from different sensors. Their results are later used to create fused images, by IHS-transformation. Finally, we evaluated the use of these images to identify land use and land cover patterns in the Arroio Pimenta basin, in the municipality of Arroio do Padre-RS. The results demonstrate that the fused images obtained from CBERS sensors -CCD and HRC - produced good results, making easier the identification of different land cover types in this area where small farms predominate. Key-words: IHS-transformation, sensor CCD, sensor HRC, software Regeemy 0.2.43.Pages: 3865-387
Determinação e caracterização de unidades de paisagem natural na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Formiga-TO a partir de técnicas de geoprocessamento
No full textThe natural characteristics of watersheds are not always taken in account in the process of occupation. To Date becomes of paramount importance to guide local usage or even drive soil conservation practices and water. This study characterizes from crosses dot matrix in Legal in Spring / INPE natural landscape units in the hydrographic basin of the River Formiga in the Tocantins of States. To do so were mapped the physical characteristics of the basin, as well as aspects geological, geomorphological, climatic, soil and vegetation potential. These aspects were weighted with values stability and vulnerability as Tricart already had mentioned, and indicating homogeneous areas in the basin about the fragility of laminar erosion. The maps produced enriche the local knowledge, which need of this kind of information, as well as, may subsidize occupation plans in the area.Pages: 4217-422
Diagnóstico preliminar da Rede GNSS local da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), campus Santa Mônica: realidade atual e perspectivas futuras no contexto das ciências geodésicas
No full textThis paper describes the methodology of analysis quality of network Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) local of Federal University Uberlândia (UFU), Santa Mônica campus, as well as research and investments derived from this research project. Therefore, procedures are described practical field aiming to analyze the feasibility of using these stations on research involving knowledge and topographic surveying and monitoring of engineering works, among others. Through the obtained results, diagnosed that the network GNSS location of UFU has 6 year old and the 30 stations that initially implanted, only 17 are in a position of use, since lack of use and the lack of community UFU most points were removed from the site or relocated wrongly, mainly due to the expansion project of the campus. With the adjustment of the data processing and Global Positioning System (GPS) was found accuracies of seasons varies the order of millimeters to a few centimeters, reaching higher values for the components of the altimetric stations and landmarks located in forested regions and near building, by virtue of accuracy degradation with increasing cycle losses due to the effect of multipath and the obstruction of the signal.Pages: 4799-480