National Institute for Space Research
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Focos de queimadas em unidades de conservação
No full textThe incidence of hotspots become increasingly frequent in conservation units, these are started by natural means or through human actions. The study of variation data from outbreaks in certain areas for a period of time are of utmost importance to estimate the variation of these hotspots, and describe the possibility that these high increases linking them to information of the meteorological variables. The Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra and the Shrine of Our Lady of the Serra da Piedade both located in the state of Minas Gerais, were opted for the monitoring of outbreaks of fires in its interior and surroundings, so you can measure whether or not increasing the total number of hotspots within five years and associate them meteorological variables occurring within each month, as low humidity and little rainfall are the main factors that contribute to the vulnerability of the local vegetation, facilitating the spread and incidence of outbreaks of fires in the area. It was observed by studying a high incidence of outbreaks in 2010 at both locations according to their dimensions and realized that the weather this year contributed to this high incidence. Therefore realizes the dire need to combat plans and efficient fire control and the need for environmental education especially with the population around this kind of area.Pages: 3954-396
Variação temporal de dados espectrais na elaboração de modelos de distribuição potencial geográfica de gramíneas invasoras "capim-bermuda", "capim-jaraguá" e "capim-colonião" em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
No full textIn Mato Grosso do Sul is being worked survey of the grasses are rare regional studies focusing on this group. The scarcity of samples in certain regions and the difficulty in correctly identifying the specimens due to their peculiar morphology does not allow accurate information about their diversity. The extensive cattle in Mato Grosso do Sul favored the use of some species of exotic grasses and forages, which compete and endanger the diversity of native species. The present study aimed to compare the models of potential distribution environments occurrence of Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Hyparrhenia rufa (thatching grass) and Megathyrsus maximus (coloniao grass) in the state using data from the 2000 and 2010 EVI and evaluating the variation of the models suggested. Thus, we conducted review of herbal and botanical collections in different regions of the state. The species were found in regions covered by Cerrado, Chaco and Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, where they occur in different vegetation formations, preferably in local anthropogenic. With the temporal variation of the spectral data models suggest and confirm that there is a high probability that the Pantanal there are environments conducive to occupation of Cynodon dactylon, Hyparrhenia rufa and Megathyrsus maximus, that if this competition is the possible extinction of native species in a given area. There are significant differences between the values of EVI spectral data of 2000 and 2010 that reflect variation in the models suggested.Pages: 2732-273
Influência da resolução espacial de Modelos Digitais de Elevação na delimitação automática de Áreas de Preservação Permanente em topos de morros
No full textThe Law N\ub0 4771 of November 15, 1965 which is the Brazilian Forest Code defines where is must have Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA). The PPAs of hilltops are set by CONAMA, Resolution 303 of March 20, 2002, which defines that all the hill that has dimension between 50 m and 300 m above its base and has slope greater than 30% in the line of greatest slope, should include in its upper-third, native vegetation or those of anthropogenic origin. It is intended to verify the influence of spatial resolution of different Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in the automatic delimitation of Permanent Preservation Areas on hilltops. The following DEMs were used: SRMT, TOPODATA, ASTER GDEM and a DEM generated by the IBGE topographic, with spatial resolutions of 90m, 30m, 30m and 10m, respectively. The procedure was performed through a Geographical Information System, for the watershed of São Bartolomeu stream, with an area of 5470.885 ha, which is part of Viçosa MG. There was thus the influence of spatial resolution on delimitation of PPA in hilltop, where the lower was the spatial resolution the largest was the total area of PPA in hilltop. However, there is no specification in the law to the limit of spatial resolution that they must use.Pages: 1306-131
Aplicação de metodologias integradas para análise de mudança de uso no município de Curaçá (Bahia) de 1990 a 2008
No full textThis paper will perform a spatial and economic analysis, to identify and quantify the changes of agricultural production in Bahia, for the construction of irrigated agriculture in semi-arid area in Curaça Minicipal District in the period 1990 to 2008. This work was divided into stages: preparation of a database, which were found 20 products; the multitemporal analysis of satellite imagery, to make the map of land use through images from the Landsat 5 TM by the technique of change detection; and the integrated analysis of the results obtained with both methods. It was observed that both methods are complementary since, while the shift-share quantifies the percentage change of use, and its variability of substitution, the remote sensing method spatialised these results indicate the change vector in the land use. In this area, as the main indicator, there was the insertion of new agricultural products, only possible through irrigated agriculture.Pages: 624-63
Desenvolvimento de um SIGWEB para a gestão da Regularização Fundiária da zona rural do município de Monteiro - PB
No full textThe agreement CRT/PB/038/2008, signed between the institutions INCRA - National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform and INTERPA - Institute of Land and Agricultural Planning, aimed at implementing the service registration, georeferencing and discrimination of all administrative rural property located in the municipality of Monteiro. Based on this agreement, the work presented here was to create an application SIGWEB (Geographic Information System Available on the Internet) to manage the Regularization of rural municipality of Monteiro, Paraíba. For application development, we used the software ArcGis 10, PDF Creator and an Esri JavaScript API. The result generated a SIGWEB under foster greater dynamism, organization and mobility between land information, which allowed the dissemination of information in a more agile, management of technical materials more effectively and developing a thematic map showing the properties the situation of each before the certification process.Pages: 4145-415
Mapeamento geomorfológico de áreas alagáveis tropicais com imagens ALOS PALSAR
No full textThe application of optical sensors for geomorphological mapping in tropical areas is limited by the permanent cloud cover and dense vegetation. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have been an alternative data source for this type of approach. In this study, we applied SAR images for mapping landform units of an extensive wetland located in northern Amazonia. Our dataset consisted in three PALSAR images, acquired under contrasting hydrological conditions. A total of six classes were defined as: (1) floodplain; (2) fan-shaped interfluve; (3) fluvial terraces and bars; (4) wetland; (5) temporary channel; and (6) permanent channel. After preprocessing for radiometric and geometric corrections, a decision tree was applied to extract the landforms. Accuracy assessment was based on an independent dataset and applied to analyze the quality of the resulting map. The results show that the backscatter temporal variations are directly related to the landforms. The classification presented an overall accuracy of 84 % and Kappa index of 0.82 (p<0.001). The geomorphological map indicated morphological classes that are compatible with the existence of a megafan system associated with a wetland between two fluvial valleys.Pages: 8453-846
Análise multitemporal das mudanças do uso do solo ocorridas entre os anos 1986 e 2010 na bacia do rio dos Sinos - Rio Grande Sul - Brasil
No full textThe conversion of natural ecosystems into anthropic ecosystems is one of the main impacts of humans on the planet. It is estimated that one third to one half of the Earth's surface has been transformed by human actions, with the primary result, fragmentation of habitats. Fragmentation makes it difficult migration of plant species in response to climate change, because the plant communities do not move together, the species migrate individually and, unable to reach new habitats may disappear or be replaced by new combinations with new species properties and low diversity. The most diverse ecosystems are more stable, efficient and resistant to disturbance. In this study, we describe the main changes in forest cover occurred in the Sinos River basin (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil) for 25 years and assess how these changes are related to land use and topography. To view the changes in land use were used LANDSAT 5 of 1986 and 2010 with a total area of 3820 km ². The land use classes were defined: water, wetlands, forestry, agriculture, urbanization, forest and field. And the landscape metrics were calculated: PLAND - percentages of areas; IJI - index juxtaposition and interpenetration of classes; COHESION - index of cohesion and connectivity of the landscape classes. The main changes in forest cover were found in the lower part of the basin, mainly by urbanization occurring in the upper and by replacing forests with areas of forestry and agriculture, where low urbanization provides these practices.Pages: 7438-744
Estimativa de albedo, NDVI e Temperatura de Superfície no município de Santarém-PA
No full textIn recent years has been growing steadily studies on the microclimate in urban areas, better known as urban climate. These studies point to human activities as the main cause of changes in regional and local climate, in this way the city acts as a modifying factor of the climate and creates special conditions in these specific locations. These changes occur rapidly and uncontrollably and thus there must be a continuous monitoring of these changes. For this, the use of remote sensing techniques has been of vital importance to monitor, map and monitor such changes on the surface. This study aimed to estimate image by referring to the day July 12, 2009 Landsat 5-TM, variations in surface temperature in the municipality of Santarém-PA and analyze the albedo and the index of Normalized Difference Vegetation (acronym English, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-NDVI) in the city. For this algorithm was applied SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) developed by Bastiaanssen (1995). It was observed that areas with higher heat concentrated in the urban and were distributed between 30 ° C and 33 ° C. The highest temperatures encountered were 34 ° C and 35 ° C in the center of the municipality and the peripheral portion. The NDVI values were lower for the urban area while the albedo showed high values.Pages: 1129-113
Análise espaço-temporal da clorofila-a no reservatório de Itaparica por meio de imagens Landsat-TM
No full textIn the analysis of chlorophyll dynamic in water bodies, remote sensing become fundamental mainly due to its spatial and temporal cover. Thus, this work aims to determine and to evaluate the spatio-temporal behavior of chlorophyll-a in the Itaparica reservoir located at sub-middle São Francisco, in Semi-arid region of Brazil. For this purpose, Landsat-TM images from 2009 were used, considering band from 1 to 5 and 7. The model was written in LEGAL language available in SPRING 5.2 software. The slicing of the reservoir into nine classes was done by using the chlorophyll layers from each date. The minimum value was 0,003 µg/L and the maximum was 249,93 µg/L considering the three periods. The date that had highest chlorophyll concentration was October 19, and November 20 had lower concentration. By means of graphic analysis of points located throughout the reservoir, we can see that the chlorophyll concentration decrease from fluvial region to lacustrine region and there are always high chl-a concentration from the contact of Pajeu and Barreiras rivers within reservoir. In the next studies It would be necessary to validate the values with field data in order to verify the mapping accuracy in this reservoir, taking into account the day and also the time overpass of the sensor.Pages: 6628-663
Conectividade entre fragmentos de matas ciliares no sudoeste da APA do Rio Curiaú-Amapá/AP
No full textThe APA of the Curiau River is a conservation unit of defensible use with one population traditionally Quilombola, located eight km from the Macapa city, between the parallel 00° 00 N and 00° 15 N cut by 51° 00 W meridian, it present one area of the 21.676 ha and one perimeter of the 47,3 km and include in its area different vegetables types, where, where the central ecosystem area of he ciliary forest because its vegetations density and diversity of the species vary in according to area and width of the forest. The general objective of this research is check if there was a connection between tha stain of the ciliary forest for the maintenance of the fauna that dislocate in the 500m, 750m and 1000m radius. The area chosen for analysis is in southwest of the environment conservation area of the curiau river. One of the metricts used was of distance between the polygons vectorized to use obtain the measure of meter among the fragments. The distances among the fragments change of 33m (fragment 3-4) to 1.326m (fragment 20-24) was found one fragment that us call central stain, because was the bigger that was in area, the fragment that better preserve its ecosystem is that have the shape most round, as it has less effect of the rim. The fragmentation of habitat affects every biological diversity among they the animal and the ecological as a dispersal and pollination of arborea species and genetic diversity of fauna. Palavras- chaves: Unit of Conservation, remote sensing, metricts of landscape, fragmentation of the vegetation, Unidade de conservação, sensoriamento remoto, métricas da paisagem, fragmentação da vegetação.Pages: 3253-325