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Cocoa as cultural heritage in Tabasco; and its impact on the region's economy
No full textThis paper analyzes the historical importance of cacao in the state of Tabasco, as it is a natural and intangible cultural heritage, declared as such by the state congress in 2024. The objective of this study is to understand its impact and economic well-being on the population in the Chontalpa region and what public policies should be implemented to boost the community's economy. The methodology used in this research was descriptive and qualitative, prioritizing observational, documentary, and historical techniques. The main finding observed is that there is a lack of public policies to take advantage of the fact that cocoa has a "designation of origin," this to incentivize the production, marketing and consumption of this natural product and have a direct impact on the economy by making cocoa from the Chontalpa region known as cultural heritage, and achieving the designation called "geographical indication."
It is proposed that there be immediate attention from the public sector to producers and detonate the economy and cultural tourism of the region. En el presente trabajo se hace un análisis de la importancia histórica que tiene el cacao en el estado de Tabasco, ya que es un patrimonio natural y cultural inmaterial, declarado así por el congreso del estado en el año 2024. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer cuál es el impacto y el bienestar económico de la población en la región de la chontalpa y que políticas públicas se deben implementar, para detonar la economía de la comunidad. Como parte de la metodología utilizada en esta investigación, fue el método descriptivo y cualitativo, se privilegió el uso de técnicas de observación, documental e histórica. El principal hallazgo observado es que faltan políticas públicas para aprovechar que el cacao tiene “denominación de origen,” esto para incentivar, la producción, comercialización y consumo de este producto natural y se tenga un impacto directo en la economía que se conozca al cacao de la región de la chontalpa como patrimonio cultural, y lograr que se tenga la denominación llamada “indicación geográfica”, se propone que haya una atención inmediata del sector público hacia los productores y detone la economía y el turismo cultural de la región
Mortality in mechanical ventilation in prone position in patients with acute respiratory distress síndrome
No full textIntroduction: Prone ventilation has been shown to improve oxygenation and lung mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, but I consider it necessary to delve deeper into the relationship between the prone position and mortality. Objectives: To evaluate whether the prone position decreases the risk of mortality in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome vs. supine ventilation, in a global and segmented manner, as well as to know the main adverse effects related to it. Material and methods: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials comparing patients in the prone vs. supine position was performed with a search in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and LILACS, and mortality, hospital stay, days of mechanical ventilation and adverse effects were evaluated. Results: Seven randomized controlled clinical trials were included in the analysis. The prone position showed a non-significant tendency to decrease mortality when analyzed globally. When stratified by subgroups, a significant decrease in the risk of mortality was found in patients: 1) ventilated with low tidal volume, 2) prolonged prone position, and 3) established before 48 hours of disease progression in severe hypoxemia. The adverse effects related to prone position were the development of pressure ulcers and orotracheal tube obstruction. Conclusion: Prone position ventilation is a safe strategy and reduces mortality in patients with severe oxygenation impairment. It should be established early, for prolonged periods, and associated with a protective ventilation strategy
Causal factors of sudden death in young athletes
No full textIt is undeniable that physical activity provides multiple benefits, both for general health and cardiovascular health, but on rare occasions, sudden cardiac death can occur in athletes even without previous symptoms. Regarding the causes and incidences, there are different studies from various countries and regions that present different results, due to the cultural variations in each country and their practiced sports. Moreover, in some countries, like Italy for example, screenings for conditions such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are implemented more frequently compared to other countries. Sudden death involves a broad spectrum of associated pathologies, and in athletes or individuals under 35 years old, the most common causes are primary cardiomyopathies, cardiac channelopathies, and congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries.Objectives: Know the main causes of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Material and methods: This work is a systematic review of the literature, where different studies and articles will be analyzed to compile the most relevant and up-to-date information regarding the main causes of sudden death in young athletes. The search will be conducted through databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and the Argentine Society of Cardiology's website. Results: Based on the results obtained, it was observed that the most common causes of sudden death in young athletes vary depending on the region where the studies were conducted. This variation is mainly due to sociocultural factors that influence how a given society behaves and which sports are practiced. Conclusion: Although it is a rare event with low incidence, sudden cardiac death is a catastrophic event that, in most cases, leads to death. However, it is an event that can be prevented, and with the correct therapeutic intervention in the first few minutes, it can be successfully reversed. But to achieve this, it is necessary to understand the topic and be aware of its main causes to act correctly and efficiently
Predictors of mortality in older adults with hip fracture
No full textThe incidence of established mortality predictors that link patients with hip fracture older than 60 years with an increase in mortality, who underwent surgery at the General Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" from 2020 to 2022, was determined. A descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out from clinical records, data collected through the Report Information System - FCA used in the National Hip Program, from outpatient follow-up, from reports from the statistics department of the General Hospital Abel Santamaría Cuadrado and the Provincial Health Directorate. With a universe of 764 patients of which 512 entered the study, of this 68% of the sample was represented by the female sex, where the most representative age group were patients from 80 to 89 years old, which constituted 41% of the sample. The most represented comorbidities were Arterial Hypertension (88%) and Diabetes Mellitus (54%); 74% of patients underwent surgery within 24 hours and 72% were independent before surgery. The age group was 80 to 89 years, with a predominance of females, with a wide range of comorbidities, including high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. There was a close relationship between age and mortality. Validity and family support influenced the evolution, related to the appearance of complications such as infections, thromboembolism, among others. Evidencing concatenation between some of the predictors in elderly patients operated on
AI-Based Digital Academic Monitors: Innovation for Enhancing Teaching in Higher Education
No full textHigher education faces challenges such as overcrowded classrooms and diverse learning styles, which have driven the development of digital academic monitors based on artificial intelligence (AI). These systems aim to personalize teaching, optimize instructors' time, and strengthen students' executive functions. The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of AI-based academic monitors in higher education, focusing on their ability to improve educational quality and develop cognitive skills. A systematic bibliometric analysis (2018–2023) was conducted using VOSviewer, evaluating 60 publications across three dimensions: learning personalization, teaching optimization, and executive function development. The study identified exponential growth in research since 2021, with prominent contributions in fields such as computer science and psychology. The monitors proved effective in adapting content (e.g., platforms like ALEKS), automating administrative tasks (e.g., Moodle chatbots), and enhancing metacognitive skills (self-regulation and planning). However, ethical and privacy challenges remain. AI monitors represent a transformative innovation, but their success depends on balancing technology with human oversight, ensuring inclusivity, and training educators in their strategic use
Perspectiva Temporal Futura como predictor de conductas de autocuidado y salud mental
No full textThis study sought to determine the relationships between Future Time Perspective, Self-Care Behaviors, and Mental Health, and to compare the results based on the adolescents' sex. A total of 181 adolescents participated and answered three questionnaires measuring each of the variables involved. The results of the structural model suggest that Future Time Perspective influences self-care behaviors, which impact mental health. Significant correlations were found between Future Time Perspective and self-care behaviors (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and mental health problems (r = -.20, p < 0.001), as well as differences based on the adolescents' sex in self-care behaviors (t = 2.09, p < 0.05). The findings of this study contribute to the literature on mental health in adolescents with theoretical and practical implications, establishing an empirical model that links future time perspective with self-care behaviors and mental health, confirming that future time perspective is not only related to mental health, but is a predictor variable that influences health through self-care behaviors, and also reinforces the role of self-care behaviors as a relevant variable for the design of preventive programs aimed at improving adolescent mental health.La présente recherche visait à déterminer les relations entre l'orientation future, les comportements d'auto-soins et la santé mentale, ainsi qu'à comparer les résultats en fonction du sexe des adolescents. Cent quatre-vingt-un adolescents ont participé, qui ont répondu à un instrument à trois échelles. Les résultats du modèle structurel suggèrent que l'orientation future influence les comportements d'auto-soins et que ceux-ci ont un impact sur la santé mentale. Des différences significatives ont été constatées en fonction du sexe des adolescents dans les comportements d'auto-soins. Les résultats confirment l'importance de l'orientation future et des comportements d'auto-soins comme facteurs de protection des problèmes de santé mentale chez les adolescents.
Este estudo buscou determinar as relações entre Perspectiva de Tempo Futuro, Comportamentos de Autocuidado e Saúde Mental, e comparar os resultados com base no sexo dos adolescentes. Um total de 181 adolescentes participaram e responderam a três questionários medindo cada uma das variáveis ??envolvidas. Os resultados do modelo estrutural sugerem que a Perspectiva de Tempo Futuro influencia os comportamentos de autocuidado, que impactam a saúde mental. Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre Perspectiva de Tempo Futuro e comportamentos de autocuidado (r = 0,47, p < 0,001) e problemas de saúde mental (r = -0,20, p < 0,001), bem como diferenças com base no sexo dos adolescentes em comportamentos de autocuidado (t = 2,09, p < 0,05). Os achados deste estudo contribuem para a literatura sobre saúde mental em adolescentes com implicações teóricas e práticas, estabelecendo um modelo empírico que vincula a perspectiva temporal futura com comportamentos de autocuidado e saúde mental, confirmando que a perspectiva temporal futura não está relacionada apenas à saúde mental, mas é uma variável preditora que influencia a saúde por meio de comportamentos de autocuidado, e também reforça o papel dos comportamentos de autocuidado como variável relevante para o delineamento de programas preventivos que visem à melhoria da saúde mental de adolescentes.La presente investigación buscó determinar las relaciones entre la Perspectiva Temporal Futura, Conductas de autocuidado y Salud mental, además de comparar los resultados en función del sexo de los adolescentes. Participaron 181 adolescentes, quienes respondieron a tres cuestionarios que miden cada una de las variables implicadas. Los resultados del modelo estructural sugieren que la perspectiva temporal futura influye en las conductas de autocuidado y éstas tienen un impacto en la salud mental. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la perspectiva temporal futura con las conductas de autocuidado (r = 0.47, p <0.001) y con los problemas de salud mental (r = -.20, p <0.001), así como la existencia de diferencias en función del sexo de los adolescentes en las conductas de autocuidado (t = 2.09, p <0.05). Los hallazgos del presente estudio contribuyen a la literatura acerca de la salud mental en los adolescentes con implicaciones teóricas y prácticas, estableciendo un modelo empírico que vincula la perspectiva temporal futura, con las conductas de autocuidado y la salud mental, ratificando que la perspectiva temporal futura no solamente se relaciona con la salud mental, sino que es una variable predictora que influye en la salud a través de las conductas de autocuidado, asimismo refuerza el rol delas conductas de autocuidado como variable relevante para el diseño de programas preventivos dirigidos a la mejora de la salud menta
Libertad regulada e informada como impulso para la promoción de la financiación colaborativa en Colombia
No full textIn the Fintech sector in Colombia, crowdfunding has not achieved a significant penetration rate compared to other segments, despite its importance in providing low-cost financing for small and medium-sized enterprises. The Colombian government has shown interest in developing this market through regulatory changes guided by the technical directives of the regulator and supervisor, based on the principles that support them.
This study reviews the regulatory evolution of crowdfunding as a form of business financing, starting with Decree 1357 of 2018, which marked a clear trend towards flexibility in subsequent decrees.
The research examines foreign regulations from the perspective of transparency and information, including the U.S. Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act and the United Kingdom’s Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. These more mature international markets have served as a reference for Colombian self-regulatory studies.
From the perspective of national public policy, the study explores the concept of regulated freedom as a means of removing barriers to access this essential financing mechanism.En el mundo fintech (financial technology) en Colombia, la financiación colaborativa no cuenta con un porcentaje de penetración importante respecto de los demás segmentos, pese a su importancia para la financiación a bajo costo de la pequeña y mediana empresa. El Gobierno en Colombia ha mostrado interés en el desarrollo de este mercado representado en los cambios normativos bajo las orientaciones técnicas del regulador y el supervisor, fundadas en los principios que las sustentan.
Revisar la evolución normativa del crowdfunding como forma de financiación empresarial desde el Decreto 1357 de 2018, con una marcada tendencia a la flexibilización con los decretos posteriores.
En el cuerpo de la investigación se revisan regulaciones foráneas desde la perspectiva de la transparencia e información como la Jumpstart our Business Startups norteamericana y la Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 del Reino Unido, por considerar que son mercados internacionales de mayor madurez que han sido fuente para el autorregulador colombiano en sus estudios.
Desde las políticas públicas nacionales, se revisa la perspectiva hacia la libertad regulada que permita eliminar barreras de acceso a este mecanismo de financiación tan necesario para un país
Green innovation as a sustainable alternative to strengthen cocoa cultivation
No full textIntroduction: The purpose of the research was to identify viable alternatives to strengthen cocoa production and marketing in the municipality of Roberto Payán, department of Nariño. It was proposed as a solution to the devaluation of the crop and the high presence of illicit crops, phenomena that have limited agricultural development in the region. The study focused on the implementation of green innovation as a strategy to promote sustainability, productivity and competitiveness of cocoa in the area.Development: During the study, the national and international context of cocoa production was analyzed, as well as successful experiences of cooperatives that applied organizational and environmental innovation practices. It was observed that in Peru, for example, community organization significantly boosted the export of organic cocoa. In Colombia, the need to improve processing processes, train farmers and protect the characteristics of fine aroma cocoa was discussed. In the case of Roberto Payán, obstacles such as the presence of armed groups, state neglect, and the lack of adequate technology and infrastructure were identified.Conclusions: It was concluded that cocoa represents an opportunity for economic, social and environmental development for Roberto Payán, provided that the production chain is strengthened with green innovation, institutional support and community empowerment. The progressive replacement of illicit crops with cocoa is feasible if sustained investment and technical training are guaranteed, which would allow the municipality to become a regional reference in cocoa production
Efímeros digitales: fundamentos para la definición del concepto
No full textEl objetivo de este trabajo es introducir y definir el término efímeros digitales, necesario para describir cierto grupo de productosdel diseño gráfico. La metodología utilizada es el Análisis Comparativo Cualitativo (ACQ) que permite realizar comparaciones sistemáticas entre casos, es un método que combina elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos para estudiar fenómenos sociales complejos, es especialmente útil cuando se trabaja con un número reducido de casos donde no es funcional el uso de métodos estadísticos tradicionales, con el ACQ es posible modelar los fenómenos sociales en términos de relaciones entre conjuntos e interpretar estas relaciones. En los resultados se describe que los efímeros digitales son contenidos concebidos para una corta duración, diseñados para transmitirse por medios digitales, que involucran mensajes multimodales combinando imágenes, videos, textos, sonidos o emoticones con diversas intenciones comunicativas. Entre las conclusiones se establece que los efímeros digitales impactan en la comunicación visual, el diseño gráfico y la memoria colectiva en la era digital