1001049 research outputs found
Sort by
Oral health strategies for older adults: perspectives and contemporary relevance for their well-being
No full textOral health is a fundamental aspect of well-being, and its relevance is heightened in the context of people over 60 years of age. It is currently a topic of growing importance due to the aging population and the increase in life expectancy in many countries. A qualitative study was carried out with the objective of analizing the historical context, its perspectives, contemporary relevance, as well as the broader implications of oral health strategies for society and culture. The research process utilized the systems approach, analytic-synthetic, and inductive-deductive methods, as well as a documentary analysis of 13 bibliographies. Educational intervention strategies on oral health for people over 60 years of age are crucial to improving their oral health and quality of life. Through community programs, training of health providers and caregivers, the use of technology, and an emphasis on nutrition, significant improvements in the well-being of this population can be achieved. By addressing diverse health, social, and economic perspectives and considering potential counterarguments, it is clear that educational interventions must be comprehensive and adaptive. Maintaining a proactive and preventative approach will contribute to improving the oral health of older adults and, consequently, their well-being and quality of life
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children
No full textThe term cancer encompasses a group of diseases characterised by the development of abnormal cells that divide, grow and spread uncontrollably throughout the body. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It is the most common form of cancer in children. The peak incidence is between two and five years of age. A literature review was conducted to characterise the development of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. Journals and websites such as SciELO and Infomed were used, for a total of 17 references. The cause of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is unknown. The treatment of patients with ALL is tailored to the patient's risk at diagnosis
Unveiling the soil's potential: a greenhouse case study at AgroBolívar C.A
No full textAgriculture is fundamental for economic and social development, with Bolívar state in Venezuela being an important agricultural producer. This research focused on characterizing the agricultural soil in a greenhouse of AgroBolívar C.A. in Ciudad Bolívar, with the objective of understanding its physical and chemical properties and its productive potential. A composite sampling was carried out in Greenhouse #3. The methodology included analyses of bulk density, particle density, porosity, pH, and exchangeable acidity. The results revealed high bulk density (Plot 1: 1.890 g·cm-3; Plot 2: 1.813 g·cm-3; Plot 3: 1.885 g·cm-3), a particle density suggesting a high organic matter content, and low porosity (Plot 1: 17.42%; Plot 2: 23.28%; Plot 3: 14.47%). The pH varied from neutral (Plot 1) to moderately alkaline (Plots 2 and 3). Exchangeable acidity does not represent a limiting factor for the soils. It is concluded that the soil exhibits compaction with variability in pH, which should be considered to optimize management and crop selection
Benefits and limitations of minimally invasive surgery in coronary revascularization: a systematic review
No full textCoronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, with treatments such as coronary artery bypass surgery seeking to restore arterial flow. Traditionally, this procedure is performed via sternotomy, with significant recovery times and risks. For this reason, minimally invasive surgery (MIDCAB) has emerged as a promising alternative, reducing complications. This work evaluates the benefits and limitations of MIDCAB. METHODS: A search was conducted in SCOPUS, PUBMED and SCIELO for studies published between 2020 and 2025, in Spanish and English, with open access, cohort and retrospective studies that addressed mortality rates, perioperative complications, hospitalization and recovery times. The final synthesis was based on 20 articles after filtering. RESULTS show that MIDCAB has low perioperative mortality rates (0.6%-3.5%) and limited complications, such as stroke (0%-2.3%) and perioperative myocardial infarction (0.6%-1, 6%). Hospitalization and recovery times were also shorter, with average ICU stays of 0.4 to 6.6 days. In the long term, MIDCAB showed a 10-year survival of 94.3%, highlighting its durability and effectiveness. CONCLUSION, MIDCAB represents a safe and effective option for coronary revascularization, especially in patients at high surgical risk or with limitations for more invasive procedures. However, the heterogeneity in the studies and the predominance of retrospective designs underscore the need for more robust prospective investigations to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice
Application of artificial intelligence in the field of legal and forensic medicine: advances and future challenges
No full textIntroduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a profoundly transformative tool in numerous fields of knowledge, and its application in legal and forensic medicine is opening a new chapter in forensic science. The development of the “JL-IDIF” system by the Forensic Research Institute (IDIF) has been recognized as an innovative step, setting precedents for the use of advanced technology for the recording and analysis of forensic data. AI represents an unprecedented opportunity to transform legal and forensic medicine, making these processes faster, more efficient, and more accurate. Methodology. An information search was conducted from January to May 2025. Information was collected from scientific articles, books, technical reports, and publications in specialized media, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and websites of forensic and government institutions. This approach allowed for a comprehensive and well-founded synthesis of the available information. Conclusions. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed multiple areas of medicine, and its incursion into forensic and legal medicine marks the beginning of a new era in forensic practice. This review has shown that, while technological advances have demonstrated great potential, significant limitations remain related to data quality, the need for external validation, and the availability of adequate technological infrastructure. In Bolivia, initiatives such as the JL-IDIF project or the experimental implementation of generative AI models demonstrate the interest and initial capacity to explore these emerging technologies. AI should not be viewed as a substitute for human judgment, but rather as a powerful tool that enhances the work of experts, allowing them to focus on critical interpretation and decision-making
Geriatric hip fractures treated with AO plate. Clinical and surgical Evolution
No full textIntroduction: Hip fracture in the elderly generates negative connotations at a functional level, in addition to the repercussions on mortality. Objective: To identify the clinical and epidemiological profile of older adults with hip fracture operated on with hemiarthroplasty by posterior approach. Method: Observational, longitudinal, ambispective and descriptive research, carried out at the "Abel Santamaría" Hospital; between 2020 and 2023. The sample consisted of 180 older adult patients with Garden III and IV hip fracture and who underwent hemiarthroplasty by the Osborne technique. For statistical analysis, the absolute and percentage frequency, the mean and the standard deviation were used. Results: 81.1% were 70 years of age or older, 62.8% were female. HBP and diabetes mellitus were present in 60.0% and 24.4% of the patients. Extracapsular fractures occurred in 61.7%; the most affected limb was the left with 59.4%; 62.2% of the patients underwent surgery within 24 hours of the event. While the Austin Moore prosthesis was implanted in 78.3%; pain and anemia were the most frequent complications. 95.6% of the patients were discharged alive, meanwhile, 68.6% had an adequate evolution 12 weeks after surgery. Conclusions: The findings described in this research reaffirm that hip fracture is an important health problem originating in older adults, and hemiarthroplasty offers high levels of satisfaction, by quickly integrating them into daily activities
Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Injuries
No full textBackground: Rotator cuff injuries are a common cause of shoulder pain and functional limitation. Recently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as a regenerative therapy to potentially accelerate tendon healing and improve outcomes. Material and methods: We performed a review of studies published between 2010 and 2024 examining the effectiveness of PRP in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathies or partial tears. Clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses were included, focusing on pain reduction (Visual Analogue Scale) and functional improvement (Constant-Murley, Quick DASH). Results: Most studies reported a significant decrease in pain and an improvement in shoulder function after PRP application, especially in patients who did not respond to conventional treatments. No severe adverse effects were identified, although the efficacy varied depending on the concentration of platelets and injection protocols. Conclusion: PRP appears to be a promising option for enhancing tendon healing and reducing pain in rotator cuff injuries. However, the lack of standardized protocols calls for further research to establish definitive guidelines and confirm its long-term benefits and safety
Assessment of thromboembolic risk and preventive strategies in major orthopaedic surgery
No full textIntroduction: Venous thromboembolic disease (VTD), comprising deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), was one of the main causes of preventable mortality in hospitalized patients. Its incidence increased significantly in those who underwent hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasty, which led to the development of effective prevention strategies.Development: Risk factors associated with both the patient and the surgical procedure were identified. The Caprini scale was used to stratify them, including in orthopedic patients. In terms of pharmacological prophylaxis, anticoagulants such as low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and aspirin (ASA) were compared. Different studies showed that ASA was similarly effective to LMWH in low-risk patients, with advantages such as lower cost and better tolerance. However, DOACs offered a slight superiority in efficacy, although with a higher risk of bleeding. Current recommendations favored a combination of pharmacological and mechanical measures such as early ambulation and the use of compression stockings.Conclusion: The prevention of VTE in major orthopedic surgery required an individualized and evidence-based approach. Aspirin emerged as a valid alternative in certain cases, without completely replacing other anticoagulants in high-risk patients. Further research was considered essential, especially in local contexts such as Argentina, to adapt strategies according to the needs of the health system
Banco de calibración basados en Coriolis para medidores de 2” y 4”: evidencia del sector petroquímico de Cartagena sobre capacidades dinámicas, confiabilidad y sostenibilidad
No full textThis study evaluates the acceptance of an in-house calibration bench for 2” and 4” meters based on Coriolis technology in Cartagena’s petrochemical sector. A sequential mixed-methods design combined a survey (n=135) with semi-structured interviews (n=5). Partial Least Squares–SEM tested five drivers—perceived reliability, cost reduction, calibration time efficiency, traceability/compliance, and environmental sustainability—on acceptance. The model showed strong explanatory and predictive power (R² = 83.11%; Q² = 0.499), good fit (GOF = 0.706; SRMR = 0.061; NFI = 0.804), and significant paths. Qualitative findings corroborated demand for accredited certificates, price transparency, volume discounts, rapid reporting, and post-service support. Results indicate that Coriolis-based benches outperform traditional volumetric/gravimetric systems on efficiency, sustainability, and legitimacy, positioning the Colombian Caribbean as a regional reference in metrological modernization. The study also contributes a novel lens to Dynamic Capabilities by framing metrological infrastructures as strategic assets that reconfigure resources, reduce uncertainty, and enhance competitiveness across regulated industrial contexts.Este estudio evalúa la aceptación de un banco de calibración propio para medidores de 2” y 4” basado en tecnología Coriolis en el sector petroquímico de Cartagena. Se empleó un diseño mixto secuencial que combinó una encuesta (n=135) con entrevistas semiestructuradas (n=5). Mediante PLS-SEM se probaron cinco impulsores—confiabilidad percibida, reducción de costos, eficiencia en tiempos de calibración, trazabilidad/cumplimiento y sostenibilidad ambiental—sobre la aceptación. El modelo mostró alta capacidad explicativa y predictiva (R² = 83.11%; Q² = 0.499), buen ajuste (GOF = 0.706; SRMR = 0.061; NFI = 0.804) y rutas significativas. Los hallazgos cualitativos corroboraron demanda por certificados acreditados, transparencia de precios, descuentos por volumen, informes rápidos y soporte postservicio. Los resultados indican que los bancos basados en Coriolis superan a los sistemas volumétricos/gravimétricos en eficiencia, sostenibilidad y legitimidad, posicionando al Caribe colombiano como referente regional en modernización metrológica. El estudio aporta además una perspectiva novedosa a las Capacidades Dinámicas al concebir las infraestructuras metrológicas como activos estratégicos que reconfiguran recursos, reducen la incertidumbre y fortalecen la competitividad en contextos regulados
Reseña de «Control social, represión y otras violencias sobre las mujeres en las dictaduras ibéricas (1933-1975)»
No full textReseña de Control social, represión y otras violencias sobre las mujeres en las dictaduras ibéricas (1933-1975), de M.ª Dolores Ramos Palomo, Encarnación Barranquero Texeira y Víctor J. Ortega Muñoz (Eds.)