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Oksitlenmiş Düşük-Yoğunluklu Lipoprotein Uyarımından Sonra İnsan Göbek Kordonu Damar Endotel Hücrelerinde RN7SL1 Ekspresyonunun Araştırılması: Deneysel Çalışma
No full textObjective: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) dam-ages endothelial cells (ECs) and induces pathogenic processes related to atherosclerosis (AS). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been accepted to be transcripts code no proteins and have important roles in gene expression regulation. LncRNAs have been thought important targets in the fight against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). RNA component of signal recognition particle (SRP) 7SL1 (RN7SL1) is a lncRNA. RN7SL1 was associated with inhibition of cell cycle arrest. Since RN7SL1 is associated with cell cycle arrest and ox-LDL affects EC cell apoptosis, hypothesis of our study is that ox-LDL may alter the expression of this lncRNA in ECs. There was no study yet on RN7SL1 and CVDs including AS. We aimed to compare RN7SL1 gene expression between ECs treated with ox-LDL and normal ECs. Material and Methods: We investigated expression level of lncRNA RN7SL1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced with ox-LDL in this study. We performed measurement with SYBR green dye using quantitative PCR (real-time PCR, qPCR) method. Results: We found that expression of RN7SL1 was up-regulated 6.06 fold statistic significantly in HUVECs after ox-LDL treatment (P<0.001**). RN7SL1 up-regulation may modulate EC cycle and apoptosis in AS, since ox-LDL stimulation increased expression of RN7SL1 gene in HUVECs. Conclusion: According to findings of the current study, our interest focused on that RN7SL1 may associated with vascular damage of the ECs at initation of the AS. Our results further will guide future studies related to the RN7SL1 and CVDs including AS. © 2025 by Türkiye Klinikleri.Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, (T-893, T-683)Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversites
Investigation of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of plant Consolida orientalis on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus sp. (VRE)
No full textThis study was planned to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of Consolida orientalis on MRSA and VRE. MRSA and VRE strains isolated from patients admitted to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty Practice and Research Hospital were used in the study. The antimicrobial activity of C. orientalis was investigated by microdilution broth method, biofilm formation activity of microorganisms by spectrophotometric plate method and antibiofilm activity of plant extract by microtiter plate method. According to the results, MRSA strains had Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 0.15 and >5 mg/mL while VRE strains had MIC values between 0.625 and 2.5 mg/mL. Twenty MRSA strains were observed to form biofilm at various levels, 8 of which were strong, 10 were moderate and 2 were weak. Sixteen strains formed biofilms, 1 of which was strong, 15 of which was weak, and 4 strains did not form biofilms. In conclusion, C. orientalis plant extract showed moderate to weak antimicrobial activity against MRSA and VRE pathogens. The presence of the substance 2-ethylacridine, which is hypothesised to possess anti-biofilm properties, was identified in the plant extract through the utilisation of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The extract was also found to inhibit biofilm and eradicate bacteria at various levels.This study was planned to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of Consolida orientalis on MRSA and VRE. MRSA and VRE strains isolated from patients admitted to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty Practice and Research Hospital were used in the study. The antimicrobial activity of C. orientalis was investigated by microdilution broth method, biofilm formation activity of microorganisms by spectrophotometric plate method and antibiofilm activity of plant extract by microtiter plate method. According to the results, MRSA strains had Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 0.15 and >5 mg/mL while VRE strains had MIC values between 0.625 and 2.5 mg/mL. Twenty MRSA strains were observed to form biofilm at various levels, 8 of which were strong, 10 were moderate and 2 were weak. Sixteen strains formed biofilms, 1 of which was strong, 15 of which was weak, and 4 strains did not form biofilms. In conclusion, C. orientalis plant extract showed moderate to weak antimicrobial activity against MRSA and VRE pathogens. The presence of the substance 2-ethylacridine, which is hypothesised to possess anti-biofilm properties, was identified in the plant extract through the utilisation of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The extract was also found to inhibit biofilm and eradicate bacteria at various levels
Moderate/High-Intensity Exercise and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation May Reduce Tumstatin and Improve the Lipid Dynamics and Body Mass in Rats
No full textCoenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is a molecule that serves as a coenzyme for mitochondrial enzymes, playing a fundamental role in mitochondrial bioenergetics as an electron and proton carrier in the energy production process. This study aimed to examine the modulatory effects of moderate/high-intensity exercise and CoQ(10) supplementation on tumstatin, lipid dynamics, and body mass in rats. This study used 42 male Wistar Albino rats in six groups: a control group (C), a moderate-intensity continuous training group (MICT), a high-intensity continuous training group (HICT), a coenzyme Q(10) group (Q(10)), a moderate-intensity continuous training combined with Q(10) group (MICTQ(10)), and a high-intensity continuous training combined with Q(10) group (HICTQ(10)) to assess the effects of exercise and 5 mg/kg/daily CoQ(10) supplementation. Rats underwent treadmill training, and tumstatin levels in plasma, cardiac, and skeletal muscle tissues were measured using ELISA and immunostaining techniques. In addition to the plasma, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were analyzed using enzymatic methods, with the LDL-C calculated using the Friedewald equation. The atherogenic index of plasma was determined by the TG/HDL-C ratio. As compared to group C, body mass was significantly affected by both exercise intensity and supplementation (p = 0.01, eta(2) = 0.37), with the MICTQ(10) and HICTQ(10) groups demonstrating the greatest reductions by day 50th (p = 0.0003, d = 4.02; p = 0.0001, d = 3.99). Lipid profiles varied significantly between groups. Compared to the C group, the MICTQ(10) group exhibited the most substantial decreases in LDL-C (p = 0.03, d = 2.35) and TG levels (p = 0.03, d = 2.25), while the HICTQ(10) group showed the most pronounced reduction in TC levels (p = 0.001, d = 6.41). Regarding tumstatin levels, skeletal muscle tumstatin levels were lowest in the HICTQ(10) group (p = 0.01, d = 2.11). Moreover, cardiac muscle tumstatin levels were significantly lower in the MICTQ(10), MICT, and HICTQ(10) groups compared to in the C group (p = 0.004, d = 1.01). These findings suggest that both exercise intensity and CoQ(10) supplementation exert notable physiological effects, particularly in modulating body mass, lipid metabolism, and tumstatin levels.Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit; [2209]This study was supported by the Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project Number: 2209)
Skin tears in older patients in intensive care units: A multicentre point prevalence study
No full textBackground: With the ageing of the global population, it is predicted that the population of older adult patients in hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs) will increase. Because of health conditions, care practices and ageing-related skin changes, older adult ICU patients are prone to skin integrity problems, including skin tears (STs). Aim: To determine the prevalence of STs and associated factors in older patients hospitalized in ICUs. Study Design: The study is a regional, multicentre, point prevalence study conducted in five centres in the five largest cities in terms of population in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye. Data were collected simultaneously in each centre on the same day. The list of patients hospitalized in the ICUs on the day of data collection was drawn up, and 200 patients who were 65 years of age or older, were hospitalized in ICUs and agreed to participate in the research were included. The researchers formed an “ST chart” to record patient demographic characteristics, clinical variables and skin assessment. Results: STs were detected in 14.5% of patients in ICUs, with 72.5% of them having stage 1 ST. A significant relationship was found between individuals' average body mass index (BMI) (p =.043), age (p =.014), length of stay in the ICU (p =.004) and having ST. There was also a statistically significant relationship between skin temperature (p =.002), skin turgor (p =.001) and ST. More STs were observed in patients with cold skin and low turgor. The prevalence of ST was higher in individuals with a history of ST. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between consciousness (p =.014), incontinence (p =.006), the Braden score (p =.004), the Itaki fall risk score (p =.006) and ST. Conclusions: In this multicentre point prevalence study, the prevalence of ST in older patients in ICUs was 14.5%, and many factors associated with ST have been identified. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Given the insufficient information and attention to STs in older adults, the study emphasizes the importance of addressing STs. The impact of STs includes increased treatment costs, length of stay and risk of complications. Therefore, understanding the global extent of STs in ICUs and developing effective interventions for prevention and management are crucial. © 2024 The Author(s). Nursing in Critical Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Association of Critical Care Nurses
Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı için Stratejik Kamu Diplomasisi Önerisi
No full textThis study proposes a comprehensive public diplomacy strategy for the Organization of Turkic States (Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı- TDT) that aims to strengthen regional cooperation, increase international visibility, and inculcate and promote the shared values of Turkic identity. As is well known, public diplomacy at a partnership level provides a platform for member states to project a unified image, capitalize on shared cultural and historical assets, and build soft power on the global stage. In this context, it is imperative to examine the history, institutional structure, and goals of the TDT to address its evolution from a cultural forum to a more politically and economically integrated regional body. In addition, the geopolitical position of the TDT and the growing importance of soft power in the field of global diplomacy, the need for a coordinated strategy of activities should also be emphasized. This study examines potential areas of joint public diplomacy activities for the TDT, focusing on educational diplomacy, humanitarian assistance, cultural promotion, media strategy and foreign policy coordination. It also draws on successful models from other regional organizations such as the European Union, ASEAN and the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, and offers recommendations for institutionalizing public diplomacy within the TDT, leveraging existing educational and cultural institutions, and developing a comprehensive media strategy. In this context, the importance of public diplomacy as a tool for regional solidarity and international influence is emphasized and TDT members are advised to prioritize this approach in their diplomatic and cultural outreach. In terms of advancing a successful cooperation platform in an environment of intense transformation, contention and tensions in the international system, TDT can increase its soft power, promote regional unity and position itself as a key actor in global diplomacy through coordinated public diplomacy.Bu çalışma, Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı (TDT) için bölgesel iş birliğini güçlendirmeyi, uluslararası görünürlüğü artırmayı ve Türk kimliğinin ortak değerlerinin telkin ve teşvik etmeyi amaçlayan kapsamlı bir kamu diplomasisi stratejisi önermektedir. Bilindiği üzere bir ortaklık düzlemindeki kamu diplomasisi, üye devletlere birleşik bir imaj yansıtmak, ortak kültürel ve tarihi varlıklardan yararlanmak ve küresel sahnede yumuşak güç oluşturmak için bir platform sunar. Bu bağlamda TDT’nin tarihini, kurumsal yapısını ve hedeflerini inceleyerek kültürel bir forumdan siyasi ve ekonomik açıdan daha entegre bir bölgesel organa doğru evrilme sürecini ele almak zarureti doğmaktadır. Bunun yanında TDT’nin jeopolitik konumu ve küresel diplomasi alanında yumuşak gücün artan önemine binaen koordineli bir faaliyet stratejisine duyulan ihtiyacı da ayrıca vurgulamak gerekir. Bu çalışmada TDT için eğitim diplomasisi, insani yardım, kültürel tanıtım, medya stratejisi ve dış politika koordinasyonuna odaklanarak ortak kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerinin potansiyel alanları incelemektedir. Ayrıca Avrupa Birliği, ASEAN ve Körfez Arap Ülkeleri İşbirliği Konseyi gibi diğer bölgesel örgütlerdeki başarılı modellerden yola çıkarak, TDT bünyesinde kamu diplomasisinin kurumsallaştırılması, mevcut eğitim ve kültür kurumlarından yararlanılması ve kapsamlı bir medya stratejisi oluşturulması konusunda tavsiyeler sunulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bölgesel dayanışma ve uluslararası etki için bir araç olarak kamu diplomasisinin önemi vurgulanarak TDT üyelerine diplomatik ve kültürel erişimlerinde bu yaklaşıma öncelik vermeleri önerilmektedir. Uluslararası sistemde yaşanana yoğun dönüşüm, çekişme ve gerilimler ortamında başarılı bir iş birliği platformunun ileri düzeye taşınması bakımından TDT, koordineli bir kamu diplomasisi sayesinde yumuşak gücünü artırabilir, bölgesel birliği teşvik edebilir ve küresel diplomasi alanında kilit bir aktör olarak konumlanabilir
Development of privacy education awareness scale (PEAS) for parents of 3-6 year old children
No full textBu araştırma bir ölçek geliştirme çalışmasıdır. Çalışmada ebeveynlerin mahremiyet eğitimi farkındalık düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik olarak geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ebeveynler için mahremiyet eğitimi farkındalık düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik olarak geliştirilen ölçek için öncelikli olarak alan yazın taraması yapılmış ve uzmanlardan görüşler alınarak 48 maddelik 5' li Likert türünde bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Geliştirilen ölçeğin ilk olarak yapısını belirlemek üzere açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve yapıyı doğrulamak için ise doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. Analizler R.4.1 programı ile yürütülmüştür. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) için 300 anne ve 50 babadan oluşan 350 kişilik bir örneklem, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) için ise 236 anne 18 babadan oluşan 254 kişilik bir örneklem grubu kullanılmıştır. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi işlemleri sonrasında madde yüklerinin tek boyutlu olma eğilimi gösterdiği görülmektedir. 15 maddelik tek boyutta oluşan madde yüklerinin ise 0,447 ile 0,770 arasında değişim gösterdiği görülmektedir. KMO değeri 0,927 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan Bartlett küresellik testi sonucunda ise elde edilen değerin 336,67 olduğu görülmüştür. Haliyle bu değerin anlamlı olduğu yapılan ölçeğinde geçerli bir yapıda olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Tek boyutlu olan bu ölçeğe ait yapı varyansın % 42,62 sini açıklamaktadır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda modifikasyonla model de iyileştirme yoluna gidilmiş ve uyum indekslerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yapılan güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda ise iç tutarlılığın Cronbach's Alpha kat sayısı ,874 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçek güvenirliği aynı zamanda farklı kat sayılarla da incelenmiş minimum test yarılama güvenirliğine göre dahi en düşük güvenirlik kat sayının 0,83 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu da geliştirilmiş olan 15 madde tek boyutlu MEFÖ' nün güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.This study is a scale development study. The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the awareness levels of parents regarding privacy education. Initially, a literature review was conducted and expert opinions were gathered to create a pool of 48 items in a 5-point Likert scale for the scale developed to measure the awareness levels of parents regarding privacy education. To determine the structure of the developed scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the structure. The analyses were conducted using the R.4.1 program. A sample of 350 participants consisting of 300 mothers and 50 fathers was used for EFA, and a sample group of 254 participants, including 236 mothers and 18 fathers, was used for CFA. After performing the exploratory factor analysis, it was observed that the item loadings tended to be unidimensional. The item loadings, which consisted of 15 items in a single dimension, ranged from 0.447 to 0.770. The KMO value was found to be 0.927. The Bartlett's test of sphericity resulted in a value of 336.67, indicating that this value was significant, and it was concluded that the scale had a valid structure. This unidimensional scale explained 42.62% of the variance in the structure. After the confirmatory factor analysis, the model was improved through modifications, and it was concluded that the fit indices were at a good level. As a result of reliability analyses, the internal consistency Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was found to be 0.874. The scale reliability was also examined with different coefficients, and it was determined that the lowest reliability coefficient, according to the minimum test-halving reliability, was 0.83. This shows that the 15-item unidimensional Privacy Education Awareness Scale (PEAS) developed is a reliable scale. Key words: Preschool period, privacy, scale development, privacy education, awarenes
The effect of flipped learning on academic success, study responsibility, attitude and permanence in 5th grade social studies education
No full textBu çalışmada; 5. Sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde Ters Yüz Öğrenme ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından uygulanan mevcut öğrenme yönteminin öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, öğrenme ve çalışma sorumlulukları, Sosyal Bilgiler dersine yönelik tutumları ve öğrenme kalıcılıkları üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemleri arasında yer alan yarı deneysel desene uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma amaçlarına uygun olarak belirlenen araştırma grupları kontrol ve deney grubu şeklinde random olarak atanmıştır. Kontrol grubunda 20 deney grubunda 19 olmak üzere çalışma 39 öğrenci ile yürütülmştür. Yarı deneysel desenin uygulanması sürecinde deney grubunda yer alan öğrencilere Ters Yüz Öğrenme ile kontrol grubunda yer alan öğrencilere mevcut uygulanan yöntemle dersler işlenmiştir. Araştırma gruplarında yer alan öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, öğrenme ve çalışma sorumlulukları ve Sosyal bilgiler dersine ilişkin tutumlarında oluşabilecek değişimlerin belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen tüm bulgular birlikte ele alındığında 5. sınıf sosyal bilgiler dersinde Ters Yüz Öğrenme yönteminin uygulanmasının öğrencilerin akademik başarıları, derse yönelik tutumları, öğrenme ve çalışma sorumlulukları üzerinde etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca halihazırda kullanılan mevcut öğrenme yöntemimnin de öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ve tutumları üzerinde etkii olduğu ancak çalışma ve öğrenme sorumlukları üzerinde istatistiksel olarak etkli olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ters Yüz Öğrenme ve mevcut öğrenme yöntemleri karlaştırıldığında ise Ters Yüz Öğrenme yönteminin öğrencilerin akademik başarı, öğrenme ve çalışma sorumlukları üzerinde daha etkli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Özellikle Covid 19 pandemisi sonrasında gittikçe yaygınlaşan dijital öğretim süreçlerinin olumlu ve olumsuz etkilerinin yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konulması önem arz etmektedir. Bu sayede öğretim programı tasarımcıları, eğitim yöneticileri, öğretmenler, öğrenciler ve eğitimin diğer paydaşları bu süreç hakkında nesnel bilgiye ulaşma imkânı bulmaktadır. Özellikle dijital yerli olarak adlandırılan günümüz öğrencilerinin kalıplaşmış sınıf ortamlarında sıkıldıkları görülmektedir. Çok hızlı bir devinime sahip dijital araçlara alışan bu nesil yavaş ilerleyen süreçlere tepki göstermektedir. Bu noktada dünyadaki birçok devlet dijital platformları diğer birçok aktivitesinin yanı sıra eğitim için de kullanmaya yönelmektedir. Dijital ortamlarda verilen eğitimin başarılı olmasında yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konulan olumsuz tarafların giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu konuda öğretmenlerin yeterliklerinin artırılması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Günümüz öğretmenlerinin büyük bir kısmının dijital göçmen statüsünde olan 2000 öncesi doğumlular olduğu dikkate alındığında yeni yetişen neslin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamakta büyük oranda eksiklikleri olan birçok öğretmenin olduğu kabul edilebilir. Gerek hizmet öncesindeki aday öğretmenlerin eğitim süreçlerinde gerekse hizmet veren öğretmenlerin aldıkları hizmet içi eğitimlerde teknolojiye yönelik eğitimler artırılmalıdır.This study aims to determine the effect of Flipped Learning and the current learning method applied by the Ministry of National Education in the 5th Grade Social Studies course on students' academic success, learning and study responsibilities, attitudes towards the Social Studies course and learning permanence. The research was conducted in accordance with the quasi-experimental design among quantitative research methods. The research groups determined in accordance with the research objectives were randomly assigned as control and experimental groups. The study was conducted with 39 students, 20 in the control group and 19 in the experimental group. During the application of the quasi-experimental design, the students in the experimental group were taught the lessons with Flipped Learning and the students in the control group were taught the lessons with the currently applied method. It was aimed to determine and compare the changes that may occur in the academic success, learning and study responsibilities and attitudes of the students in the research groups towards the Social Studies course. When all the findings obtained in this study are considered together, it is concluded that the implementation of the Flipped Learning method in the 5th grade social studies course has an effect on students' academic success, attitudes towards the course, and learning and study responsibilities. In addition, it has been determined that the current learning method currently used has an effect on students' academic success and attitudes, but is not statistically effective on study and learning responsibilities. When Flipped Learning and current learning methods are compared, it has been determined that the Flipped Learning method is more effective on students' academic success, learning and study responsibilities. It is important to reveal the positive and negative effects of digital teaching processes, which have become increasingly widespread especially after the Covid 19 pandemic, through studies. In this way, curriculum designers, education managers, teachers, students and other stakeholders in education have the opportunity to access objective information about this process. It is seen that today's students, especially those called digital natives, are bored in stereotypical classroom environments. This generation, which is accustomed to digital tools with a very fast movement, reacts to slow-moving processes. At this point, many states in the world are turning to using digital platforms for education as well as many other activities. In order for education provided in digital environments to be successful, the negative aspects revealed by the studies should be eliminated. Increasing the competence of teachers is of great importance in this regard. Considering that a large portion of today's teachers are those born before 2000, who have the status of digital immigrants, it can be accepted that there are many teachers who are largely deficient in meeting the needs of the new generation. Technology-oriented training should be increased both in the education processes of pre-service candidate teachers and in-service trainings of serving teachers
HER-2 SMASH
No full textPurposeHuman epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) targeted drugs are used in only HER-2 overexpressed cancers. However, only a small portion of these cancer types are HER-2 overexpressed. In this study, we aimed to upregulate HER-2 receptors in MCF-7 breast cancer and HT-29 colon cancer cell cultures, which these cells are not HER-2 upregulated in natural status.MethodsWe used a 10-day non-cytotoxic lapatinib dose to upregulate HER-2 receptors. HER-2 levels of these cell lines were tested with ELISA and immunofluorescence tests before and after 10 days of lapatinib administration. After upregulation of HER-2, we administered trastuzumab, and T-DM1 to these cell lines to observe whether there is an increase in anticancer activity. We used a cell viability test to show the cytotoxicity of trastuzumab and T-DM1. Also, we used ELISA and immunofluorescence for HER-2 pathway proteins to understand the mechanism of increased anti-cancer activity.ResultsWe showed that administration of lapatinib for 10 days leads to overexpression of HER-2 receptors on both MCF-7 and HT-29 cells. A significant increase in the cytotoxicity of trastuzumab or T-DM1 was observed after 10 days of lapatinib administration.ConclusionWe named this method the smash method, which is the volleyball term. In volleyball, the ball is raised while low and quickly hits the ground again, just like we do with the HER-2 receptor. The smash method can switch HER-2 negative or HER-2 low tumors into HER-2 overexpressed, iatrogenically. Thus, we can use her2-targeted therapies in all cancer patients instead of a small portion.Turkish Society of Medical OncologyThe authors thank Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty Research Center (CUTFAM) and the Turkish Society of Medical Oncology (TTOD) for providing the necessary facilities to conduct this study
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems in overcoming bacterial resistance: Current review
No full textAntimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious contemporary global health concerns, threatening the effectiveness of existing antibiotics and resulting in morbidity, mortality, and economic burdens. This review examines the contribution of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems to solving the problems associated with bacterial resistance and provides a thorough overview of their mechanisms of action, efficiency, and perspectives for the future. Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, nanomaterials reveal new ways of passing through the traditional mechanisms of bacterial defence connected to the permeability barrier of membranes, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation. This review addresses the different types of nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles, in terms of their antimicrobial properties and modes of action. More emphasis has been placed on the critical discussion of recent studies on such active systems. Both in vitro and in vivo models are discussed, with particular attention paid to multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review begins by reviewing the urgency for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by citing recent statistics, which indicate that the number of deaths and reasons for financial losses continue to increase. A background is then provided on the limitations of existing antibiotic therapies and the pressing need to develop innovative approaches. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems have been proposed as promising solutions because of their potential to improve drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery, although side effects can also be mitigated. In addition to established knowledge, this review also covers ongoing debates on the continuous risks associated with the use of nanomaterials, such as toxicity and environmental impact. This discussion emphasizes the optimization of nanomaterial design to target specific bacteria, and rigorous clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy in humans. It concludes with reflections on the future directions of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems in fighting AMR, underlining the need for an interdisciplinary approach, along with continuous research efforts to translate these promising technologies into clinical practice. As the fight against bacterial resistance reaches its peak, nanomaterials may be the key to developing next-generation antimicrobial therapies.deanship of scientific research and graduate studies at Yarmouk university/Jordan [53/2022]This work was supported by the deanship of scientific research and graduate studies at Yarmouk university/Jordan with project number 53/2022
The role of radiotherapy in intracranial hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumors
No full textObjectiveIntracranial hemangiopericytomas (HPC) are rare tumors. Radiotherapy (RT) is frequently performed after surgery, depending on tumor size, location, and the type of resection. Moreover, RT is preferred as an effective treatment for local recurrence and metastasis. With this multicenter study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of postoperative RT in intracranial HPC patients using modern RT techniques.Materials and methodsPatients aged 16 years and older who underwent RT for histologically confirmed intracranial HPC were evaluated retrospectively. Forty-four patients from 17 institutions were included. Demographic characteristics of the patients, pathological findings, and prognostic factors were documented. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The interval for survival analyses was calculated according to the end date of RT. Univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used for factors associated with survival and recurrence.ResultsMedian age was 42 years (16-71) and 70% of the patients were male. The most common initial symptoms were pain (47.7%) and vision problems (15.9%). A supratentorial location was observed in 79.5% of patients. The median maximum tumor dimension was 4.7 (1.6-14) cm. Gross total (GTR) and subtotal resection (STR) were performed in 43.2% and 47.7% of patients, respectively. Adjuvant RT commenced a median of 6 (2-16) weeks after surgery. Postoperative RT was administered using conventionally fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). A total median dose of 60 (38-66) Gy in a median of 30 (19-33) fractions was used for patients treated with IMRT and a total median dose of 24 (12-25) Gy in a median of 3 (1-5) fractions was used for patients treated with SRS. Local recurrence occurred in 9 patients and locoregional recurrence in 2 patients at a median of 48 months (range 26-143 months) after RT. Reoperation and reirradiation were applied to 5 patients, reirradiation to 4 patients, and reoperation to 2 patients as salvage treatments. Reirradiation was administered at a median dose of 35 (13.5-54) Gy using a median of 5 (1-30) fractions. At a median follow-up of 63 (6-262) months, 5-year LC was 68.7%, DMFS 87.2%, PFS 60.8%, and OS 95.7%. The presence of residual macroscopic tumor before RT was associated with lower LC (p = 0.01) and shorter PFS (p = 0.04). In the presence of residual tumor before RT, 5-year LC decreased from 92.9% to 46.7%, while 5-year PFS decreased from 81.1% to 43.5% compared to patients with GTR. The presence of postoperative tumor was associated with a lower LC rate in Cox regression analyzes (p = 0.02). The hazard ratio was 6.2 (1.2-30). However, the effect of residual disease before RT on OS was not statistically significant.ConclusionAdjuvant radiotherapy is performed in the majority of patients with HPC, especially in cases where GTR cannot be performed. In our study, postoperative macroscopic residual tumor was found to be the only factor affecting LC and PFS in patients undergoing adjuvant RT, but its effect on OS was not shown. This may be due to the effectiveness of reoperation and/or reirradiation in the presence of recurrence after RT