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Moxifloxacin-Impregnated Contact Lenses for Treatment of Keratitis in Rabbit Eyes
No full textMoxifloxacin (MOX) was loaded into commercial contact lenses (CLs) via supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) to attain MOX-impregnated CL for keratitis treatment. This study aimed to investigate Pseudomonas keratitis treatment with MOX-impregnated CL compared to the traditional eyedrop administration. MOX impregnation was accomplished employing optimum parameters of 2.5 h drug exposure time, 25 MPa pressure, and 313 K for ScCO2 conditions using ethanol co-solvent rendering sustainable delivery, up to 7 days at effective dosage formulation. The MOX-impregnated CL was found to be safe with no significant toxicity on fibroblast cells after 5 days of contact time. Bacterial viability in vivo keratitis treatment in rabbit eyes was significantly decreased to 10(2) from 10(9) CFU/cornea for MOX-impregnated CL treatment, almost similar to exhaustive conventional 0.5% MOX eye drop treatments. The MOX-impregnated CL treatment revealed no conjunctival hyperemia, edema, or secretion for all eyes in the relevant group, and transparent cornea with no keratitis focus was obtained for two of the eyes (n = 6). The normal histological structure was seen with MOX-impregnated CL treatment on healthy eyes. Moreover, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration observed in keratitis eyes without any treatment was significantly decreased to a few polymorphonuclear cells in the groups treated with MOX eyedrops and MOX-impregnated CL.Trkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma Kurumu [122M641]; TUBITAKThis work is supported by TUBITAK (122M641) which is greatly appreciated
Investigation of the effect of GCP number and distribution on photogrammetric product accuracy in UAV photogrammetry
No full textTÜBİTAK 122Y125 ve CÜBAP M855Son zamanlarda İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) kullanılarak üretilen fotogrametrik ürünler afet yönetimi, jeolojik ve meteorolojik araştırmalar, şehircilik çalışmaları ve askeri amaçlar için sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. İHA fotogrametrisi ile ürün elde etmek hız ve maliyet açısından yersel yöntemlere göre önemli bir avantaj sağlamaktadır. Aynı zamanda üretilen ürünlerin doğruluğu da ayrı bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Yer Kontrol Noktası (YKN) sayısının ve YKN ağ tasarımının doğruluk üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma alanında homojen dağılım gösteren 12 nokta tesis edilerek GNSS ölçümleri ile konumları belirlenmiştir. Ardından, farklı YKN sayısına ve farklı ağ tasarımına sahip senaryolar oluşturularak bu noktaların doğrulukları değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, arazide homojen dağılım gösteren 5 YKN’nin geomatik uygulamalarında gereksinim duyulan yüksek doğruluklu (≤ 10 cm) ürünler için yeterli olduğu, YKN sayısını artırmanın projenin doğruluğuna fayda sağlamayacağı ve bu işlemin hız ile birlikte maliyeti artırması bakımından dezavantajlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Recently, photogrammetric products produced using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are frequently preferred for disaster management, geological, and meteorological studies, urban studies and military purposes. Obtaining products with UAV photogrammetry provides a significant advantage over ground-based methods in terms of speed and cost. At the same time, the accuracy of the products produced is of particular importance. In this study, the effects of the number of Ground Control Points (GCPs) and GCP network design on accuracy were investigated. In this direction, 12 GCPs with homogeneous distribution in the study area were established and their locations were determined by GNSS measurements. Then, scenarios with different number of GCPs and different network designs were created, and the accuracy of these points were evaluated. As a result, it has been concluded that 5 GCPs homogeneously distributed in the field is sufficient for the products at high accuracy (≤ 10 cm) required in geomatics applications, increasing the number of the GCPs will not benefit the accuracy of the project and this process is disadvantageous in terms of increasing the cost along with the speed
The relationship between pain intensity, muscle strength and hand grip strength and 2D:4D finger ratio in individuals with shoulder pain
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışma, 18-65 yaş arası omuz ağrılı bireylerde ağrı şiddeti, kas kuvveti ve el kavrama kuvvetinin 2d:4d parmak oranıyla ilişkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 15 erkek 15 kadın toplam 30 gönüllü dahil edildi. Çalışmaya katılan gönüllülerin yaşları sorgulandı, boy ve kiloları ölçülerek vücut kütle indeksi bilgileri hesaplandı, bel ve kalça çevresi mezura ile ölçüldü. Vermiyeli kompas ile sağ ve sol el 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluğu, manual muscle tester cihazı ile omuz çevresi kas kuvveti, dijital el dinamometresi ile el kavrama kuvveti, VAS ile ağrı değerlendirmesi yapıldı. Cinsiyete göre değişkenler arasındaki farkları incelemek amacıyla bağımsız iki örneklem t-testi ve pearson korelasyon analizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Erkeklerdeki fleksör kas kuvveti ile kadınlardaki fleksör kas kuvveti ortalama değerleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p = 0,049). İnternal rotatör kas kuvveti erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksek bulunmuş ve aradaki fark anlamlıdır (p = 0,011). Benzer şekilde, sağ el kavrama kuvveti (p = 0,004) ve sol el kavrama kuvveti (p = 0,001) erkeklerde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Parmak uzunluklarında erkeklerde sağ el 4. parmak (p = 0,048) ve sol el 4. parmak (p = 0,035) uzunlukları kadınlardan anlamlı düzeyde daha fazladır. Bel-kalça oranı erkeklerde, kadınlara oranla daha yüksek olarak ölçülmüş ve bu farklılık anlamlı bulunmuştur (p = 0,049). Vücut kütle indeksinde erkekler ve kadınlar arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p = 0,551). Ağrı şiddeti ortalaması erkekler ve kadınlar arasındaki farklılık anlamlı değildir (p = 0,665). Ekstensör, abdüktör ve eksternal rotatör kas kuvvetleri, sağ el 2. parmak ve sol el 2. parmak uzunlukları ile cinsiyetler arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Genel olarak, sağ ve sol el oranları ile ağrı şiddeti, fleksör kas kuvveti, ekstansör kas kuvveti, abdüktör kas kuvveti, internal rotatör kas kuvveti, eksternal rotatör kas kuvveti ve bel-kalça oranı arasındaki ilişkiler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Sonuç: Fleksör ve internal rotatör kas kuvvetleri ile cinsiyet arasında bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Hem sağ hem de sol el için el kavrama kuvvetleri de erkeklerde kadınlardan daha fazla bulunmuş ve yine cinsiyet ile ilişkilendirilebilmiştir. Bel-kalça oranının cinsiyetle ilişkili olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Aynı zamanda hem sağ hem de sol elin 4. parmak uzunluklarının erkeklerde kadınlardan daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak çalışmamızdaki sağ ve sol el parmak oranları ile diğer değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between pain intensity, muscle strength and hand grip strength with the 2d:4d finger ratio in individuals with shoulder pain between the ages of 18-65. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 volunteers, 15 male and 15 female, were included in the study. The ages of the volunteers participating in the study were questioned, their height and weight were measured to calculate their body mass index information, and waist and hip circumferences were measured with a tape measure. Right and left hand 2nd and 4th finger lengths were measured with a vermicular caliper, shoulder circumference muscle strength was measured with a manual muscle tester, hand grip strength was measured with a digital hand dynamometer, and pain was assessed with a VAS. In order to examine the differences between variables according to gender, two independent sample t-tests and Pearson correlation analysis were performed. Results: The difference between the mean values of flexor muscle strength in men and women is statistically significant (p = 0.049). Internal rotation muscle strength was found to be higher in men than in women and the difference was significant (p = 0.011). Similarly, right hand grip strength (p = 0.004) and left hand grip strength (p = 0.001) were found to be higher in men. In terms of finger lengths, the lengths of the 4th finger of the right hand (p = 0.048) and the 4th finger of the left hand (p = 0.035) were significantly greater in men than in women. Waist-hip ratio was also measured higher in men than in women and this difference was found to be significant (p = 0.049). The difference between men and women in body mass index was not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.551). The difference between men and women in mean pain intensity was not found to be significant (p = 0.665). The differences between extensor, abductor and external rotator muscle strengths, right hand 2nd finger and left hand 2nd finger lengths and genders were also not found to be statistically significant. In general, the relationships between right and left hand ratios and pain intensity, flexor muscle strength, extensor muscle strength, abductor muscle strength, internal rotator muscle strength, external rotator muscle strength and waist-hip ratio are not statistically significant. Conclusion: It was observed that there was a relationship between flexor and internal rotator muscle strength and gender. Hand grip strengths for both right and left hands were also found to be greater in men than in women and again could be associated with gender. It was revealed that waist-hip ratio was also related to gender. It was also observed that the 4th finger lengths of both right and left hands were higher in men than in women. However, no significant relationship was found between right and left hand finger ratios and other variables in our study
The Effect of Curd Cooking Temperature and Time on Chemical and Melting Properties in Cheese Produced with the Traditional Method
No full textM449In this study, the yield and melting behavior of traditionally produced cheeses were analyzed by applying different curd cooking temperatures and times. The cheeses produced by using three different curd cooking times (1 minute, 6 minutes and 11 minutes) and two different curd cooking temperatures (55oC and 65oC) were brined for 90 days and were brined on the 1st, 30th, 60th and 90th days. The process, chemical properties and melting behavior of the cheeses were determined. The chemical and physical properties of the produced cheeses varied depending on cooking temperature, cooking time and ripening time. The melting behavior of cheeses was determined according to the initial melting point, degree of fluidity and average flow rate obtained from melting profiles. The initial melting point increased with increasing temperature but decreased with decreasing cooking time. The degree of fluidity and average flow rate of cheeses cooked at 55oC were calculated to be higher than those of cheeses cooked at 65oC. Increasing the cooking time decreased the fluidity of the cheeses and increased their average flow rate.Bu çalışmada, geleneksel olarak üretilen peynirlerin verim ve erime davranışları, farklı pıhtı haşlama sıcaklıkları ve süreleri uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Üç farklı pıhtı haşlama süresi (1 dakika, 6 dakika ve 11 dakika) ve iki farklı pıhtı haşlama sıcaklığı (55oC ve 65oC) gerçekleştirilerek üretilen peynirler 90 gün boyunca salamura edilmiş ve bunun 1., 30., 60. ve 90. günlerinde salamura edilmiştir. Peynirlerin proses, kimyasal özellikleri ve erime davranışları belirlenmiştir. Üretilen peynirlerin kimyasal ve fiziksel özellikleri haşlama sıcaklığı, haşlama süresi ve olgunlaşma süresine bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermiştir. Peynirlerin erime davranışları, başlangıç erime noktası, akışkanlık derecesi ve erime profilleri sonucunda elde edilen ortalama akış hızına göre belirlenmiştir. Başlangıçtaki erime noktası sıcaklığın artmasıyla artmış ancak haşlama süresinin azalmasıyla azalmıştır. 55oC'de pişirilen peynirlerde akıcılık derecesi ve ortalama akış hızı, 65oC'de pişirilen peynirlere göre daha yüksek hesaplanmıştır. Haşlama süresinin artması peynirlerin akıcılık derecesini düşürürken ortalama akış hızlarını artırmıştır.Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Merkez
A Phenomenological Approach to the Experience of Visuals
No full textBu makale, Fenomenolojinin anlamı, gelişimi ve Maurice Merleau-Ponty'nin fenomenolojisinin görsel sanat eserlerinin analizine olan etkisini ve bu iki alan arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Araştırma, veri toplama tekniklerinden, literatür taraması ile yapılmış, ilgili makaleler referans alınarak, toplanan bilgiler bir araya getirilmiştir. Merleau-Ponty, fenomenolojisinde bedensel algının ve deneyimin önemini vurgulayarak, dünyayı nasıl algıladığımızı ve anlamlandırdığımızı derinlemesine araştırır. Bu yaklaşım, görsel sanat eserlerinin analizinde de güçlü bir araç sunar. Makale, Merleau-Ponty'nin bedenlenmiş algı kavramını ve sanatın duyusal deneyimleri nasıl yansıttığını ele alarak, sanat eserlerinin izleyici üzerindeki etkisini ve izleyicinin eseri algılama sürecini açıklar. Van Gogh'un "Yıldızlı Gece", Edvard Munch'ın "Çığlık" ve Pablo Picasso'nun "Guernica" eserleri örnekleminde, sanat eserlerinin renk, form ve kompozisyon gibi unsurlarının nasıl bedensel, duygusal tepkiler uyandırdığını ve bu tepkilerin izleyicinin öznel deneyimlerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini analiz eder. Sonuç olarak, Merleau-Ponty'nin fenomenolojisinin, görsel sanat eserlerinin çok katmanlı anlamlarını ve izleyici ile eser arasındaki dinamik ilişkiyi anlamada benzersiz bir perspektif ve derinlik sunduğu gösterilmektedir.This article examines the meaningand development of phenomenology, as well as theimpact of Maurice Merleau-Ponty'sphenomenology on the analysis of visual art and therelationship between these twofields. The research was conducted using literature review, one of the data collection techniques, and the collected information was brought together by referencing relevant articles. Merleau-Ponty emphasizes the importance of embodied perceptionand experience in his phenomenology, deeply exploring how we perceive andinterpretthe world. This philosophical approachal so serves as a powerfultool in the analysis of visual art. The article discusses Merleau-Ponty's concept of embodied perception and how art reflects sensory experiences, explaining the impact of art on the view erandt he viewer's process of perceiving the art work. Through examples such as Van Gogh's "Starry Night," Edvard Munch's "The Scream," and Pablo Picasso's "Guernica," the article analyzes how elements of art such as color, form, and compositionevokebodilyan demotional responsesand how these responsess hapet he viewer's subjective experiences. Ultimately, it demonstrates that Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology offers a unique perspective and depth in understanding the multilayered meanings of visual art and the dynamic relationship between the viewer and the art work
In Vitro Neuroprotective Effect Evaluation of Donepezil-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles-Embedded PVA/PEG Nanofibers on SH-SY5Y Cells and AP-APP Plasmid Related Alzheimer Cell Line Model
No full textRecently developed nanoparticles and nanofibers present new brain-specific treatment strategies, especially for Alzheimer's disease treatment. In this study, donepezil (DO)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (DNP) are embedded in PVA/PEG nanofibers (DNPF) produced by pressurized gyration for sublingual administration. SEM images showed produced drug-loaded and pure nanofibers, which have sizes between 978 and 1123 nm, demonstrated beadless morphology and homogeneous distribution. FT-IR, XRD, and DSC results proved the produced nanoparticles and fibers to consist of the DO and other polymers. The in vitro drug release test presented that the release profile of DO is completed at the end of the 18th day. It is released by the first order kinetic model. DNPF has an ultra-fast release profile via its disintegration within 2 sec, which proved itself to be suitable for the administration sublingually. All samples presented above approximate to 90% cell viability via their non-toxic natures on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by using Alamar blue assay. The anti-Alzheimer effects of DO, DNP, and DNPF are evaluated on the A beta(1-42)-induced SH-SY5Y cells at 1, 5, and 10 mu M as treatment groups. The 1 mu M dosage exhibited the most significant neuroprotective effects, which showed enhanced cellular uptake and superior modulation of Alzheimer's-related proteins, including tau and A beta
Chalcone-based schiff bases: Design, synthesis, structural characterization and biological effects
No full textThe presented work describes the synthesis, characterization, and biological effects of three new Schiff base compounds (SOH-F/Cl/Br) and their phthalonitrile derivatives (SCN-F/Cl/Br). The structures of all synthesized compounds were elucidated by NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopic methods. Enzyme results were obtained at the nanomolar level. Cytotoxic activity of novel compounds was evaluated against neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblast (NIH-3T3) cell lines using MTT. It has been determined that all tested molecules have a powerful cytotoxic effect; IC50 values were under 10 mu M against SH-SY5Y cells. Among all compounds, the lowest IC50 value was observed in SCN-Br (1.798 +/- 0.036 mu M). Moreover, the IC50 concentration of SCN-Br (12.79 +/- 0.33 mu M) in healthy NIH-3T3 cells was significantly higher than in cancerous cells. The activity comparison of the studied six molecules was made with both DFT calculations and molecular docking calculations. Various proteins that are hCA I protein (PDB ID: 2CAB), hCA II protein (PDB ID: 5AML), and SH-SY5Y protein (PDB ID: 7LQZ, 5WIV, and 2F37) were used in molecular docking calculations. After this comparison, ADME/T calculations were used to analyze the molecules to be used as drugs.Scientific Research Project Fund of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) [RGD-020]The numerical calculations reported in this paper were fully/partially performed at TUBITAK ULAKBIM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TRUBA resources). This work was supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) under the project number RGD-020
Kurumsal Kalitenin Mali Disiplin Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Örneği
No full textIndicators of institutional quality are based on six different indices published by the World Bank in 1996 within the framework of Universal Governance Indicators. These indicators have significant effects on many financial variables. Fiscal discipline can also be affected by indicators of institutional quality. Based on this, the study investigated the impact of "government effectiveness" on fiscal discipline in OECD countries using autoregressive panel data analysis estimation methods with 2009-2021 period data. According to the analysis results, the increase in the value of government effectiveness affects fiscal discipline negatively and significantly. This result shows that as government effectiveness increases, the share of public debt stock in gross domestic product, an indicator of fiscal discipline, will decrease. A definite conclusion could not be reached regarding the non-linear relationship between the two variables. © 2025, Sosyoekonomi Society. All rights reserved
Hydrophilic vs. amphiphilic anionic Zn(II) phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy
No full textTwo sets of water-soluble zinc (II) phthalocyanines (Zn[II]Pcs) were synthesized and examined for use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. These Zn(II)Pcs contained numerous negatively charged electronwithdrawing carboxylic acid substituents in a rigid arrangement at peripheral positions, subsequently converted into sodium salts. Additionally, the impact of the number and distribution of charged groups on the planar hydrophobic core was examined to assess their influence on the photophysical properties and self-aggregation behavior of the Pcs in an aqueous media. The photophysical findings indicate that the amphiphilic macrocycles (2A, 3A, and 4A) produce more singlet oxygen than the hydrophilic ones (2H, 3H, and 4H) in DMF. The photodynamic activity of sodium salts of Zn(II)Pcs bearing anionic substituents (compounds 4A and 4H) was evaluated in vitro against oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-9) and mouse fibroblast (L-929) cell lines to help elucidate the cell death mechanism. The results confirmed that 4A exhibits high selectivity and efficiency in causing phototoxicity, with an IC50 value of around 3.8 mu M. This work provides new insights into the advanced development of dual-directional ZnPc-based photodynamic therapy agents for treating oral squamous cell cancer.Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science- KFAS [PN18-12SC-01]; Kuwait University Research administration; RSP unit general facilities of the Faculty of Science GFS [GS 01/01, GS 03/01, GS 01/03, GS 01/05, GS 02/13, GS 03/08, GS 02/01, GS 01/08]; Chemistry Department at Kuwait UniversityThis work was supported by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science- KFAS (grant no. PN18-12SC-01) and the Kuwait University Research administration; RSP unit general facilities of the Faculty of Science GFS (GS 01/01, GS 03/01, GS 01/03, GS 01/05, GS 02/13, GS 03/08, GS 02/01, GS 01/08) . The Chemistry Department at Kuwait University is highly acknowledged for using the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer
Alevism in Göksun region
No full textAlevilik, Hz. Ali taraftarlığını, bağlılığını ve sevgisini merkeze alarak tarihsel süreç içerisinde oluşturulmuş İslamiyet içerisindeki bir anlayış çeşididir. İslamiyet içerisinde olmasına karşın bazı inançsal, toplumsal, siyasal ve kültürel koşullardan etkilenerek kendine özgü kültürel ve inançsal anlayışlarını oluşturmuşlardır. Günümüzde Aleviliği tanımlayabilmek için bugünkü teşkilatlanmış yapısını ve bu yapının gelenekten getirdiği öğretilerle ne kadar bağdaştığını ortaya koymak gerekmektedir. Bölgesel bağlamda ele alınan bu araştırmada XIX. yüzyılın başlarında Göksun İlçesine gelerek şu an bulundukları mahallelere yerleşen Alevi zümrenin dini hayata yönelik inanç ve ibadetleri algılama ve yorumlama biçimlerini konu edinmektedir. Konu üzerine yapılan araştırma esnasında yazılı kaynakların az olması nedeniyle bölgenin sakinleri ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmamızda literatürel kaynak taraması yapılmış ve alan araştırması yöntemi çerçevesinde, katılımcı gözlem, gözlem ve mülakat teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Görüşme yapılan kişilerin özellikle bölgedeki Alevi zümrenin yaşlı kesiminden olmasına ve Alevilik üzerine bilgi sahibi olan kişilerden seçilmesine özen gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler İslâm Mezhepleri Tarihi bilimsel metodolojisi çerçevesinde incelenmiş, tarafsızlık ilkesine bağlı kalınarak ele alınmıştır.This study examines Alevism as a distinct interpretation of Islam centered on loyalty, devotion, and reverence for Imam Ali. Although rooted in Islam, Alevism has developed its own unique religious and cultural identity, shaped by diverse social, political, and historical influences. To provide a comprehensive understanding of Alevism today, it is essential to analyze its current institutional framework and assess how it aligns with the traditional teachings inherited from earlier generations. This research focuses on the Alevi community that settled in the Göksun District in the early 19th century, exploring their religious beliefs, practices, and customs, particularly in relation to folk traditions. Given the scarcity of written sources on the subject, this study relies heavily on fieldwork, including face-to-face interviews with local residents. A combination of literature review and field research methods, such as participant observation, direct observation, and interviews, was employed. Interviews were recorded with the participant's consent, and particular attention was given to selecting elderly members of the local Alevi community with extensive knowledge of Alevism. The collected data was analyzed using the academic methodology of the History of Islamic Sects, with a commitment to maintaining scholarly objectivity throughout the study