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APPLICATION OF PULSED LIGHT IN SOLID AND SEMI-SOLID FOODS
No full textAs the fight against foodborne diseases continues, pulsed light (PL) continues to be a promising technology for the preservation and safe consumption of foods. Pulsed light technology comprises short high-power pulses of a broad spectrum ranging from UV to infrared radiation generated via inert-gas flash lamps. In this chapter, the applications of pulsed light in solid and semi-solid foods are discussed. Basic principles of pulsed light technology, equipment designed and used for the treatment of solid and semi-solid foods, critical parameters of pulsed light processing, effects of pulsed light on solid and semi-solid foods in terms of microbial inactivation and quality changes, and potential commercial applications of pulsed light in solid and semi-solid foods are mainly focused on. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc
Fabrication and wear performance of M7C3 carbide reinforced epoxy composites
No full textThe role of materials in industrial engineering has become even more important today. Various methods are used to develop materials with desired properties. Cr7C3 carbide and grease oil reinforced epoxy-based matrix composites were produced. Microscopic analysis of the composites was carried out by SEM. The differences in the wear properties of the composites were investigated in dry sliding wear test. Increasing sliding speed and load increased the wear of the composites. Combining Cr7C3 with epoxy resulted in improved wear performance. The higher the chromium carbide level increased the coefficient of friction. The best wear resistance result was obtained from 75 wt.% chromium carbide reinforced composite. The change in wear resistance varied significantly depending on the epoxy resin ratio and the amount of reinforcement
Küresel Bulanık AHP Tabanlı TOPSIS, CODAS ve PIV Yöntemleri ile Sigorta Şirketlerinin Sürdürülebilirlik Performansının Değerlendirilmesi
No full textThis study will evaluate the sustainability performance of five leading insurance companies in Türkiye for 2021. Unlike other studies, this research employed sub-criteria and the three basic dimensions of sustainability. The criteria weights were determined using the Spherical Fuzzy AHP method, a novel approach in the literature. Thus, the importance of the basic dimensions of sustainability was determined. It was seen that environmental dimensions had the most impact, followed by social and economic dimensions, respectively. TOPSIS, CODAS and PIV methods were used to rank the companies. The results obtained with the three methods were combined with the Borda Counting method to get the final ranking. According to the results, the company with the highest sustainability performance was Euroko Insurance Company.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki önde gelen beş sigorta şirketinin 2021 yılına ait sürdürülebilirlik performansını değerlendirmektir. Sürdürülebilirliğin üç temel boyutu ile birlikte diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak alt kriterler de kullanılmıştır. Kriter ağırlıkları, yine literatürde yeni bir yöntem olan Küresel Bulanık AHP yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Böylece sürdürülebilirliğin temel boyutlarının önemleri belirlenmiştir. Çevresel boyutların en fazla etkiye sahip olduğu, bunu sırasıyla sosyal ve ekonomik boyutların izlediği görülmüştür. Şirketlerin sıralanması için TOPSIS, CODAS ve PIV yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Üç yöntemle elde edilen sonuçlar, Borda birleştirme yöntemiyle birleştirilerek nihai sıralama elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar doğrultusunda, sürdürülebilirlik performansı en yüksek olan şirketin Euroko Sigorta Şirketi olduğu belirlenmiştir
Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) oil on pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, rumen metagenomic profile, rumen fluid variables and performance in calves
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L., SM) oil supplementation on proinflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, rumen metagenomic profile, rumen fluid variables and performance during the milk feeding period of Holstein calves. In the present study, 24 calves that consumed quality and sufficient amount of colostrum (>= 50 mg/ml IgG) after birth were divided into three groups, with 8 animals in each group (4 males + 4 females). Individually fed calves were given added SM oil as 0 mu L/day/calf (Control group, SM0), 100 mu L/day/calf (SM100) and 200 mu L/day/calf (SM200). The ration containing concentrated feed mix (90%) + wheat straw (10%) was offered to the calves. SM oil did not change the ammonia nitrogen and pH values of the rumen fluid of calf (P>0.05). The molarities of PA, IBA, IVA and BSCFA in the rumen fluid increased linearly with SM oil dose (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes linearly increased and the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota decreased with the addition of SM oil (P<0.05). Relative abundances of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_002, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Clostridia_UCG_014, Lachnospiraceae_Unknown_1, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Shuttleworthia, Selenomonadaceae_Uncultured_1, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_001 linearly increased with SM oil (P<0.05). Relative abundances of Methanobrevibacter, Acetitomaculum, Olsenella and Megasphaera in calf rumen fluid linearly decreased with SM oil (P<0.05). Concentrations of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and SAA of calf' serum at weaning stage linearly decreased with SM oil doses (P<0.05). Serum IgA concentration increased with 100 L SM oil /day (P<0.05). As a result, the addition of SM oil to calves has the potential to reduce the immune suppression of calves during the milk feeding period and at weaning time, has a positive effect on the microbiome involved in starch and protein catabolism in the rumen fluid, and increases the fermentation end products (PA, IVA and BA). Milk thistle oil has an inhibitory effect on methanogenic archaea and can be used as an anti-methanogenic feed additive and will contribute to the effective use of feed energy.Bilimsel Arascedil;timath;rma Projeleri, Erciyes niversitesi; Erciyes University; Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Kayseri Turkey)As the Kara Research Group, we would like to thank Erciyes University Research Deanship (Kayseri Turkey) for taking part in this study and also Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Kayseri Turkey) for its financial support
Inverse nodal problems for integro-differential Dirac operators with parameter-nonlocal integral boundary condition by using numerical methods
No full textIn this study, we apply numerical methods to solve inverse nodal problems for the integro-differential Dirac operator with parameter-nonlocal integral boundary conditions. We apply the Bernstein method and Legendre multi-wavelets method to obtain approximate solutions for the potentials, and also present numerical examples to demonstrate their effectiveness. We then employ the numerical method to investigate the uniqueness theorem with respect to the potentials. The proofs are constructive. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
The Origin Problem of a Narration Attributed to Abū Hanīfa on the Issue of Raising Hands in Prayer (Raf‘ al-Yadayn)
No full textKurucu imamlar sonrasında mezhepler arasındaki münasebetler siyasî ve sosyolojik sebeplere bağlı olarak zaman zaman karşılıklı gerilimlere sahne olmuştur. Bu durum aynı şehir ya da beldede yaşamalarına rağmen mevcut konjonktürün etkisiyle fikrî ve siyâsî çatışmaların ve ayrışmaların yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Buna bağlı olarak bazı dönemlerde bir mezhebe mensup olanlar kendi cami ve mescitlerini inşâ etmek suretiyle ibadetlerini buralarda yapmışlar, farklı mezhep mensuplarının arkasında namaz kılmamışlardır. 8./14. asırda İslam coğrafyasının önemli merkezlerinden olan Şam ve Mısır bölgelerinde yaşanan tartışmalar da bu durumun dışa vuran tezahürleri olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Mekhûl en-Nesefî (öl. 318/930) tarafından Ebû Hanîfe’ye nispet edilen ref‘ü’l-yedeyn konusundaki rivayetin bu fikrî tartışmaların yaşanmasında ve konuya dair kayda değer bir literatürün ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir katkısı vardır. Mekhûl en-Nesefî’nin Ebû Hanîfe’ye nispet ettiği söz konusu rivayet şu şekildedir: “Bir kimse rükûya giderken ve rükûdan doğrulurken ellerini kaldırırsa namazı fâsid olur. Çünkü bu, amel-i kesîrdir. Bu durumda (ellerini kaldıran imama) iktidâ sahih değildir.” Mezhebin kurucu metinleri olarak ifade edebileceğimiz eserlerde bu tür bir rivayetin yer almaması, aksine mezhebin kurucu imamlarından sabah namazında kunût yapan imama uyulabileceğine açıkça delâlet eden ifadelerin yer alması, mezkûr rivayetin sorgulanmasına neden olmuştur. İşte bu çalışmada Mekhûl en-Nesefî’nin Ebû Hanîfe’ye nispet ettiği bu rivayetin kaynaklardan izi sürülmeye ve senet zinciri tespit edilmeye çalışılmış, daha sonra Hanefî mezhebi özelinde konuya dair yazılan literatür incelenmiştir.In the aftermath of the founding imāms, relations between schools of thought (madhhab) were characterised by intermittent tensions, attributable to a combination of political and sociological factors. This state of affairs gave rise to a series of intellectual and political conflicts and divisions despite the fact that adherents of differing schools of thought were often in close physical proximity to one another, influenced by the prevailing conjuncture. Consequently, during certain periods, adherents of a particular school built their own mosques and prayer halls in which to perform their worship there, refusing to pray behind followers of different schools. The debates that took place in the 8th/14th century in the important centers of the Islamic World centres, such as Damascus and Egypt, are noteworthy manifestations of this situation. The narration attributed to Abū Hanīfa by Makḥūl al-Nasafī (d. 318/930) regarding raf‘ al-yadayn (raising hands during prayer) has made a significant contribution to these intellectual discussions and the emergence of a considerable literature on the subject. The narration that Makḥūl al-Nasafī attributes to Abū Ḥanīfa is as follows: “If a person raises their hands while going into ruku‘ (bowing) and rising from it, their prayer becomes invalid. Because this is considered excessive action. In this case, it is not valid to follow (as a congregation) an imāms (who raises his hands).” The absence of such a narration in the works generally considered to be the founding texts of the school, and the presence of statements from the school's founding imāms clearly indicating that one can follow an imam who performs qunūt in the morning prayer, have led to the questioning of the aforementioned narration. In this study, efforts have been made to trace the sources of this narration attributed to Abū Ḥanīfa by Makḥūl al-Nasafī and to identify its chain of transmission, followed by an examination of the literature written on the subject, specifically within the Ḥanafī school
Rb-promoted Fe/CeO2 nanocatalyst for aniline conversion into azoxybenzene, DFT calculations and mechanism
No full textSelectivity control of aniline oxidation and low reactant conversion in traditional synthesis methods are great challenges, and it is desirable to develop a green, low-cost and highly efficient catalytic route toward value-added products. Herein, an Rb-promoted Fe/CeO2 nanocatalyst was prepared to understand the effects of Rb-promoter on the catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of aniline to azoxybenzene using H2O2 as an oxidant. The 0.1 M Rb-4% Fe/CeO2 (Rb-Fe/CeO2) catalyst showed a high aniline conversion of 100% with 91% selectivity of azoxybenzene. This is because the existence of Rb contributes to the electron transportation property, decreases activation energy and leads to lattice distortion of Fe/CeO2 and further formation of oxygen vacancies and Ce3+, which contributes to improving the activity of Fe/CeO2 nanocatalysts for aniline conversion reaction. The Rb used to modify Fe/CeO2 nanocatalysts can not only passivate the strong Br & oslash;nsted acid sites and stability of Fe/CeO2 but also enhance the Fe dispersion and induce an electron-rich chemical environment for the supported Fe species and promote the activation of the substrate. All these effects lead to the desirable catalytic performance. The increased basic strength of the cation-promoted catalyst improves the electron density of the active Fe species, resulting in a higher yield of the desired aromatic azo compounds. This compensates for electronic deficiencies in the Fe, enhancing its catalytic activity without interference. Experiments were conducted as a function of catalyst loading (20-100 mg), time (2-24 h), temperature (25-100 degrees C), types of solvent and solvent amount (0.5-2 ml) in 50 ml round bottom flask with reflux condenser. Our work proposes a facile approach to develop and promote non-noble metal catalysts for the effective conversion of aniline into azoxybenzene under mild reaction conditions
Fatigue, Depression and Quality of Life in Individuals with Hypothyroidism
No full textPurpose: This research was conducted to examine fatigue, depression and quality of life levels in individuals with hypothyroidism and the relationship between variables. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 150 individuals who were treated with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism at the Endocrinology Clinic of a State Hospital located in a province and who met the inclusion criteria for the study. Study data; It was collected by face-to-face interview using the Individual Introduction Form, Beck Depression Scale, Piper Fatigue Scale and ThyDQoL-TR Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed in a computer environment using appropriate statistical tests. Results: In the study, it was determined that the fatigue severity of individuals with hypothyroidism was moderate (4.97±1.59), the depression severity was mild (15.43±8.83), and their quality of life was negatively affected (-5.34±8.44) compared to their situation before hypothyroidism was diagnosed. It was determined that there was a moderate positive relationship between the Piper Fatigue Scale subscales and total scale score and the Beck Depression Inventory scores. Conclusion: The study concluded that individuals with hypothyroidism experience fatigue and superficial depression, and their quality of life is negatively affected after being diagnosed with the disease. In this context, it is recommended to evaluate fatigue, depression and quality of life levels in individuals with hypothyroidism, plan appropriate nursing interventions and raise awareness by organizing training/consultancy programs.[No abstract available
Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi Ön Tanısı Almış Hastalarda Kene Kaynaklı Ensefalit Virüsü Antikorlarının Yaygınlığının Araştırılması
No full textT2022988ABSTARCT Objective: The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks, can cause a clinical picture characterized by nonspecific symptoms, as well as more specific conditions such as encephalitis and myelitis. Most patients admitted and followed with a preliminary diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) are from regions with a risk of tick exposure. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology of TBEV. Material and Method: A total of 272 adult patients admitted with a preliminary diagnosis of CCHF between April and September 2021 in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, XXX University, were included in the study. The diagnosis of CCHF was defined using the criteria established by the CCHF Scientific Committee of the Turkish Ministry of Health. To determine the seroprevalence of TBE, TBEV-IgG antibodies were investigated in patient serum samples using the ELISA method (Anti-TBE Virus ELISA (IgG), Euroimmun, Germany). The results were evaluated by calculating the ratio of the extinction value of the patient sample to the extinction value of calibrator 2. Ratios below 0.8 were considered negative, between 0.8 and 1.1 were considered borderline, and greater than 1.1 were considered positive. Patients with no detected antibodies against TBEV in their serum samples were considered seronegative. Results: The mean age of the 272 patients included in the study was 49.46 ± 17.48 years (Range: 18-98 years), with 181 (66.5%) being male. All patients' TBEV antibody levels were evaluated as negative. The provinces of residence of the patients were Sivas, Giresun, Tokat, Yozgat, and Erzincan. A history of tick exposure was found in 204 (75%) of the patients, with 143 (79%) of male patients and 61 (67%) of female patients reporting tick exposure. Conclusion: In this study, the absence of antibodies against TBEV indirectly demonstrated the absence of TBEV in the tick population. However, no study has been conducted to detect the presence of TBEV in the tick population in Sivas province, and our study is the first to address this issue. Nevertheless, further seroepidemiological studies are required.ÖZET Amaç: Xodes spp. keneleri tarafından bulaşan bir flavivirüs olan kene kaynaklı ensefalit virüsü (TBEV), nonspesifik semptomlar ile karakterize bir klinik tabloya neden olabileceği gibi daha spesifik bir durum olan ensefalit ve miyelit tablosu oluşabilmektedir. Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi (KKKA) ön tanısı ile yatırılarak takip edilen hastaların çoğu kene ile temas riski olan bölgelerden gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı TBEV’nin epidemiyolojisinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: XXXXX Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı servisinde KKKA ön tanısı ile Nisan-Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında takip edilen 272 erişkin hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. KKKA tanısı içim, Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye KKKA Bilimsel Kurulu tarafından oluşturulan kriterler kullanılarak tanımlandı. TBE seroprevelansını belirlemek amacıyla hasta serum örneklerinden ELISA yöntemi ile (Anti- TBE Virus ELISA (IgG) Euroimmun, Almanya) TBEV-IgG antikorları araştırıldı. Sonuçlar, hasta örneğinin ekstinksiyon değerinin kalibratör 2'nin ekstinksiyon değerine oranı hesaplanarak değerlendirilmiş ve bu oran 0.8’den küçük olarak saptandığında negatif, 0.8 ile 1.1 arasında ise ara değer, 1.1’den büyük saptandığında ise pozitif olarak kabul edilmiştir. Serum örneklerinde TBEV’ye karşı oluşmuş antikor saptanmamış hastalar seronegatif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 272 hastanın yaş ortalaması ± standart sapma (SD) 49,46 ± 17,48 (Sınırlar: 18 -98) yıl olup 181’i (%66,5) erkek idi. Tüm hastaların TBEV antikor düzeyleri negatif olarak değerlendirildi Hastaların ikamet ettiği iller Sivas, Giresun, Tokat, Yozgat ve Erzincan idi. Hastaların 204'ünde (%75) kene temas öyküsü bulunurken, bu sayı erkek hastalarda 143 (%79), kadın hastalarda ise 61 (%67) olarak saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda TBEV’ye karşı oluşmuş antikor saptanmamış olması kene popülasyonunda TBEV’nin yokluğunu dolaylı yoldan ortaya koymuştur. Ancak Sivas ilinde kene popülasyonu üzerinde TBEV'nin varlığını saptamaya yönelik bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır ve çalışmamız bu konuda yapılmış ilk çalışma olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte, daha fazla seroepidemiyolojik çalışmanın yapılması gerekmektedir.Sivas cumhu
Investigation of Primary School Teachers' Opinions on Skill-Based Science Questions
No full textSınıf öğretmenlerinin beceri temelli fen bilimleri sorularına ilişkin görüşlerinin ortaya konulmasını amaçlayan bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 40 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak ise araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan, beceri temelli fen bilimleri sorularına ilişkin öğretmen görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde MaxQDA programı kullanılmış olup kategorisel içerik analizi geçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre sınıf öğretmenleri beceri temelli fen bilimleri sorularının özellikleri olarak; akıl yürütme, beceri odaklı bilgi ölçme ve öğrenci gelişimine katkı sağlama gibi vurgulamalarda bulunmuşlardır. Ayrıca öğretmenler beceri temelli fen bilimleri sorularının ders kitaplarında ve kaynak kitaplarda kullanımına yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz görüşlere sahiptir. Öğretmenlerin beceri temelli fen bilimleri sorularının daha nitelikli olabilmesi için görüşleri incelendiğinde ise öğretmenlere, öğrencilere ve velilere yönelik birçok öneride bulundukları görülmüştür. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre beceri temelli fen bilimleri sorularına ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerine hizmet içi eğitim verilmesi ve beceri temelli soruların fen bilimleri ders kitaplarında daha fazla yer alması önerilmektedir.The present study employs phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, with the objective of elucidating the perspectives of primary school teachers on skill-based science questions. The research study was conducted with a total of 40 primary school teachers. A teacher interview form about skill-based science questions, prepared by the researcher, was used as the data collection tool. The data obtained from the study was analyzed using MaxQDA software, with a categorical content analysis being performed. The results of the study indicated that primary school teachers placed significant emphasis on the features of skill-based science questions, including reasoning, skill-oriented knowledge assessment, and their contribution to student development. Furthermore, the utilization of skill-based science inquiries within textbooks and resource materials has been met with disparate responses by educators, exhibiting both favorable and unfavorable sentiments. A subsequent analysis of these opinions was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of enhancing the quality of skill-based science questions. This analysis revealed numerous recommendations intended for teachers, students, and parents. The research findings suggest that in-service training for primary school teachers on skill-based science questions is warranted, and that the incorporation of skill-based questions within science textbooks should be prioritized