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Synthesis, spectral characterization, DFT calculations and investigation of anticancer properties of carbothioamide and metal (FeII and CrIII) complexes
No full textSchiff base and its metal complexes have a broad application in areas such as medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, agriculture, plastic industry, dyestuff production, etc. Recently, the anticancer activities of these compounds have been investigated, and it is a matter of curiosity how the effectiveness changes with complexation. 2-(1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine-1carbotioamide (HL) and its metal (Fe-II and Cr-III) complexes have been synthesized and investigated computationally and experimentally. In the calculations, B3LYP-D3/6-31+G(d) for HL and B3LYP-D3/6-31+G(d)(LANL2DZ) for metal complexes have been used. Anticancer properties of these complexes have been investigated against three different cell lines which are breast cancer (MCF-7), colorectal cancer (HT-29) and gastric cancer (SNU-16). XTT test has been used in the cell viability assays. It is found that the studied compounds are active against breast cancer and Fe(II) complex has shown the best activity. Structural properties of compound have been examined computationally and experimentally. Electronic properties of the studied compounds (for HL) have been investigated by Hirshfeld surface analyses and MEP maps. Anticancer properties of studied compounds have been investigated by cell viability assays. It is found that synthesized compounds are only active against breast cell line, MCF-7. The best compound is found as [FeL2] due to the fact that its IC50 has been calculated as 1.62 mu M.Scientific Research Project Fund of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) [F-2022-672]The numerical calculations reported in this paper were fully/partially performed at TUBITAK ULAKBIM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TRUBA resources) . This work was supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) under the project number F-2022-672
Examination of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's work named Emile in the context of educational philosophy
No full textBu çalışmada, Fransız Aydınlanma döneminin en önemli isimlerinden biri olan Jean-Jacques Rousseau'nun eğitim felsefesi kaynakları, esasları, hedefleri ve riskleri bakımından; "Emile" adlı eseri incelenerek ele alınmıştır. Aydınlanma Çağı düşünürü olmasına rağmen bu çağın düşüncelerine karşı çıkan Rousseau; insan doğasına ve doğanın yasalarına çağının düşünce anlayışından farklı bir şekilde yaklaşır. Bunun bir yansıması olarak da çocuğa verilecek eğitimin, eğitimde kullanılacak araçların ve yöntemlerin tamamen doğal olması gerektiğini savunur. Rousseau'nun Emile adlı eseri; kaleme alınışının üzerinden on yıllar geçmesine rağmen halâ etkisini ve önemini artarak sürdüren bir başucu kitabı niteliğindedir. Eser, eğitim felsefesi ve çocuk eğitimine dair önemli bir metindir. Yaptığımız incelemeler neticesinde Rousseau'nun, insanın mutluluğuna büyük bir önem verdiğini; tüm çabasının, insanı mutluluğa götürecek yolları, öğrencisine rehberlik ederek bulmasını sağlamak olduğu görülmektedir. Bunu yaparken aklın ve bilimin gösterdiği yolu izlediği, doğanın rehberliğinde öğrencisinin deneyimleyerek öğrenmesini, keşfetmesini, çaba sarf etmesini istediği anlaşılmaktadır. Eser, Rousseau'ya göre içeriği açısından oldukça geniştir; ancak, ele aldığı konu açısından değerlendirildiğinde oldukça küçük bir yapıt olarak görülmektedir. Bunun sebebi, eğitimin insan hayatının en önemli süreci olmasıdır. Rousseau, bir insanın eğitiminin, kalınlığı ne kadar olursa olsun, bir kitabın içine sığdırılamayacak kadar yoğun, geniş, derin ve önemli bir konu olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.In this study, the educational philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the most important names of the French Enlightenment period, in terms of its sources, principles, goals and risks; his work "Emile" was examined and discussed. Although he was a thinker of the Age of Enlightenment, Rousseau opposed the ideas of this age; he approaches human nature and the laws of nature in a different way than the mentality of his time. As a reflection of this, he argues that the education to be given to the child and the tools and methods to be used in education should be completely natural. Rousseau's work called "Emile" is a reference book that continues to increase its influence and importance even though decades have passed since it was written. The work is an important text on the philosophy of education and child education. As a result of our examinations, Rousseau has greatly contributed to human happiness. It is seen that he attaches great importance to this and that all his efforts are to guide his students to find the ways that will lead people to happiness. It is understood that he follows the path shown by reason and science and wants his students to learn, discover, and make efforts through experience under the guidance of nature. According to Rousseau, the work is quite broad in terms of its content; however, when evaluated in terms of the subject it deals with, it is seen as a rather small work. The reason for this is that education is the most important process of human life. Rousseau emphasizes that a person's education is a subject that is too dense, broad, deep, and important to fit into a book, no matter how thick it is
World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors
No full textDünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün merkezi sinir sistemi tümörleri sınıflandırmasının 5. baskısı moleküler değişiklikleri histopatoloji ile birleştirerek doğru ve kesin tanılar için genetik testlerin kritik rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Bu durum özellikle ekonomik olarak dezavatajlı ülkelerde zorluklara yol açmaktadır. ADAPTR grubu bu ülkeler için temel histolojik ve immünohistokimyasal belirteçlerle tanının konulabileceğini önermektedir.The fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS5) now integrates molecular alterations along with histopathology, emphasizing the crucial role of genetic testing for precise and accurate diagnoses.This development poses significant challenges, particularly in economically disadvantaged countries. ADAPTR group will focus on utilizing histopathology supplemented by basic and surrogate IHC marker
Determination of Serum Interleukin-36 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Interleukin-17 Levels in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
No full textAmaç: Non-Hodgkin lenfoma (NHL), lenfoid hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalmasıyla tanımlanan çeşitli bir hematolojik kanser grubudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, NHL hastalarında immün sistemde önemli bir rol oynayan interlökin-36 alfa (IL-36α), interlökin-36 beta (IL-36β), interlökin-36 gama (IL-36γ) ve interlökin-17 (IL-17) serum konsantrasyonları arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu sitokinlerin NHL için potansiyel biyobelirteçler veya tedavi hedefleri olarak hizmet edip edemeyeceğini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hematoloji bölümünde tanı almış ve takip edilmiş 55 NHL hastası ve 33 sağlıklı kontrol olmak üzere toplam 88 birey dahil edildi. Hastaların tanı anındaki ve kontrol grubundaki bireylerin hemogram ve biyokimya tetkikleri ile serum IL-17, IL-36α, IL-36β ve IL-36γ düzeylerinin çalışılması için kan örnekleri alındı. Hastalar interim pozitron emisyon tomografisi/bilgisayarlı tomografi (PET/BT) sonuçlarına göre komplet remisyon (CR), parsiyel remisyon (PR) ve progresyon olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Serum IL-36α (pAim: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse group of hematologic cancers characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid cells. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum concentrations of interleukin-36 alpha (IL-36α), interleukin-36 beta (IL-36β), interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36γ), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), which play an important role in the immune system, in NHL patients and whether these cytokines can serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for NHL. Material and Methods: A total of 88 individuals, including 55 NHL patients diagnosed and followed up in the Department of Hematology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, and 33 healthy controls, were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from patients at the time of diagnosis and from individuals in the control group for hemogram and biochemistry tests and serum IL-17, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ levels. Patients were divided into three groups, complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), and progression according to interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) results. Results: Serum IL-36α (
Determining Secondary School Students’ Misconceptions about Phase Changes and Their Proposals about Phase Change Graphs
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı; ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin saf maddeler ve karışımlar için ısı, sıcaklık, hal değişimi yanlış kavramalarını ve hal değişim grafik önermelerini belirlemektir. Alanyazın incelendiğinde ısı, sıcaklık, hal değişimi, saf madde ve karışım konularında yanlış kavramaların çok yaygın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada alanyazındaki yaygın yanlış kavramalar üzerine çalışma grubunun anlayışları araştırılmak istenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra öğrencilerin hal değişim grafik önermelerinden yola çıkarak alanyazına yanlış kavrama alanında katkı sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu kolay ulaşabilir örnekleme ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2023-2024 öğretim yılında İç Anadolu bölgesinde bir devlet okulunda 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf düzeyinde öğrenim gören ulaşılabilir örnekleme ile belirlenmiş 103 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak alanyazındaki yanlış kavramalardan oluşturulan “Ortaokul öğrencilerinin ısı, sıcaklık, hal değişimleriyle ilgili yanlış kavramalarının tespiti tablosu” ve öğrencilerin çizdikleri hal değişim grafikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri analizi olarak içerik analizi kullanılmıştır, kod ve kategoriler oluşturularak bulgular sunulmuştur. Çalışma sonunda alanyazına benzer olarak öğrencilerin ısı, sıcaklık ve maddenin halleri kavramlarına dair çok sayıda yanlış kavramaya sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. Ayrıca öğrencilerin hal değişim grafik önerme sonuçları onların eksik/yanlış kavramlara da sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.The aim of the study was to determine the misconceptions of secondary school students about heat, temperature, phase change and their proposals about phase change graphs. There were so many common misconceptions about heat, temperature, phase changes, substances, and mixtures in literature so the study determined the sample group’s concept understandings based on these common misconceptions. In addition, it was aimed to contribute to the literature in terms of different misconceptions gotten through by student phase change graph drawing. In this study being one of the qualitative research designs, case study was used. The working sample, the participants was determined by easily accessible case sampling. The participants of the research were 103 students educating at the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grades at a public school in the Central Anatolia region during the 2023-2024 academic year determined as accessible sampling criteria. In the study, data was obtained by using the "Table for determining misconceptions of secondary school students about heat, temperature, and phase changes" constructed on the basis of common misconception in literature and also the student drawn phase change graphs. Content analysis was used as data analysis in the research, codes and categories were constructed for this purpose. At the end of the study, it was found that the secondary school students had a lot of misconceptions just like in literature also they had partly concept understanding and also misconceptions again on the basis of their phase change graphic drawings’ analysis
Computational evaluation of Ni@B12N12 and Ti@B12N12 endohedral clusters as carriers for melphalan and sulforaphane anticancer drugs
No full textWe present a density functional theory study of the reactivity of M@B12N12 (M = Ni, Ti) clusters in aqueous media and their interaction with melphalan and sulforaphane anticancer drugs. In contrast to previous studies, we obtained a strongly exothermic trapping of metal atoms inside the B12N12 cage. Analysis of the radial distribution function shows that both Ni and Ti atoms distort the cage, but this effect is stronger for titanium. Clear changes in the infrared and ultraviolet/visible spectra provide easy identification of the endohedral complex formation. The distortion of the both geometrical and electronic structures of BN cage leads to a stronger bonding of M@B12N12 to hydrogen, influencing the pH-sensitivity of the endohedral cluster. Nickel weakly changes the binding energy of the carrier to both considered drugs, while the effect of titanium on this energy is very significant. Endohedral doping offers a way for achieving application-appropriate activity and selectivity of the drug delivery system based on the M@B12N12 carrier. © 2025 Elsevier B.V
Examining the effect of public expenditures on economic complexity according to the development level of countries
No full textKamu sektörünün giderek artan sorumlulukları, hem kamu harcamalarını artırmakta hem de kamu harcamalarını ekonomi içinde önemli bir gösterge haline getirmektedir. Bu süreçte, ülkelerin dış ticaret anlayışı ise sadece rakamsal boyuta odaklanan ihracat verileri yerine, ihracatı sürdürülebilir kılacak daha sofistike ürünlerin üretilerek ihraç edilmesine odaklanan bir yapıya evrilmiştir. Bu noktada, ekonomik karmaşıklık, bir ekonominin sofistike olarak adlandırılan üretim süreçlerine gömülü bilgi ve beceri yoğun üretim kapasitesini ifade eden önemli bir gösterge haline gelmiştir. Yakın zamanda yapılan araştırmalar, ülkelerin sürdürülebilir büyüme ve rekabet gücü açısından ekonomik karmaşıklığı artırmanın kritik bir öneme sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Kamu harcamalarının ekonomik karmaşıklık üzerindeki etkilerinin analiz edildiği bu çalışmada, 2000-2020 dönemindeki 21 yıllık süre için farklı gelir düzeylerindeki 73 ülkeye ait panel veriler kullanılmıştır. Ampirik analiz kısmında yatay kesit bağımlılığı, katsayı homojenliği, CADF ve CIPS ikinci nesil birim kök testleri ve Westerlund (2008) eşbütünleşme testleri uygulanmıştır. Eşbütünleşme ilişkilerinin boyutunun tespiti amacıyla eşbütünleşme katsayı tahmincilerinden ikinci nesil CCE-MG ile AMG ve birinci nesil FMOLS ile DOLS testlerine başvurulmuştur. Sonrasında ise Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) panel nedensellik testi ile seriler arasındaki nedensel ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, ekonomik karmaşıklığın kişi başına düşen GSYH, kamu eğitim harcamaları ve dışa açıklık oranı ile pozitif bir ilişki sergilediğini; ancak, bu ilişkilerin gücünün gelir gruplarına göre farklılık arz ettiğini göstermektedir. Kamu askeri harcamalarının ekonomik karmaşıklık üzerinde genellikle negatif veya anlamsız bir etkide bulunduğunu; kamu sağlık harcamalarının ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ise ekonomik karmaşıklık üzerinde çoğunlukla zayıf veya istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayan bir etki gösterdiği yönündedir. Çalışma, ekonomik karmaşıklığı artırmaya yönelik politika tasarımlarında farklı gelir düzeyine sahip ülkeler özelindeki önceliklerin dikkate alınması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.The increasingly expanding responsibilities of the public sector escalate public expenditures and render them a significant indicator within the economy. In this process, countries' approach to foreign trade has evolved from focusing solely on numerical export data to a structure that prioritizes the production and export of more sophisticated products to ensure the sustainability of exports. Economic complexity has become a crucial indicator at this point, representing an economy's capacity for knowledge- and skill-intensive production embedded in sophisticated manufacturing processes. Recent studies highlight that enhancing economic complexity is critical for sustainable growth and competitiveness. In this study, which analyzes the effects of public expenditures on economic complexity, panel data from 73 countries with different income levels were utilized for the 21 years between 2000 and 2020. The empirical analysis applied cross-sectional dependence, coefficient homogeneity, second-generation unit root tests (CADF and CIPS), and the Westerlund (2008) cointegration test. Second-generation cointegration coefficient estimators, namely CCE-MG and AMG and first-generation FMOLS and DOLS tests, were employed to determine the extent of cointegration relationships. Subsequently, the causal relationships between the series were examined using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality test. The results indicate that economic complexity exhibits a positive relationship with per capita GDP, public education expenditures, and the degree of trade openness; however, the strength of these relationships varies across income groups. Public military expenditures generally have a negative or insignificant effect on economic complexity, while public health expenditures and foreign direct investments mostly display a weak or statistically negligible impact. The study underscores the necessity of considering the specific priorities of countries with different income levels when designing policies to enhance economic complexity
Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and their role in recurrent pregnancy loss: A genetic risk assessment
No full textObjective: The frequency of recurrent pregnancy loss in society is 3-5%. Experts suggest that genetics account for over 80% of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes, regulated by GST genes, facilitate the detoxification of a variety of naturally occurring metabolites as well as environmentally derived chemicals. This research aimed to investigate GST gene polymorphisms as a potential risk factor in recurrent pregnancy loss etiology in the Turkish population. Materials and Methods: This study involved 107 recurrent pregnancy loss patients who sought treatment at the Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, along with a control group of 107 individuals who had a successful birth and no previous history of miscarriage. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were employed to analyze GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms in these cases. Results: GSTT1 null genotype (X2=4.74; p=0.029) and GSTT1/GSM1 null genotype (X2=3.333; p=0.047) were associated with statistically significant differences between the study groups. No statistical significance was detected when considering the GSTM1 null genotype (X2=3.326; p=0.068) or the GSTM1/GSTP1 and GSTT1/GSTP1 gene polymorphisms. Conclusion: A statistically significant association was observed between the GSTT1 null genotype and the diseased group. Our research demonstrated a substantial increase in the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss in the Turkish population, specifically among individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype. No statistical correlation was found between the GSTM1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss. Furthermore, no statistical significance was observed when they were assessed together.Sivas Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects UnitThis study was supported by Sivas Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects Unit
Amin Maalouf'un Doğu'nun Limanları'nda anlatı süreci
No full textTout comme la plupart des livres d’Amin Maalouf, Les Échelles du Levant contient une mise en abîme. L’histoire du protagoniste Ossyane nous est d’abord présentée par un narrateur extradiégétique. À travers les reportages faits par le narrateur extradiégétique, nous sommes mis au courant de l’histoire passionnante d’Ossyane qui évolue sur un fond historique culturellement riche, qui à son tour raconte sa propre histoire à la première personne du singulier en tant que narrateur intradiégétique. Pourquoi opter pour un tel choix narratif et stylistique ? L’auteur aurait-il voulu conférer une nouvelle dimension à son texte en mêlant ainsi la narration personnelle du protagoniste avec un point de vue interne relatant les faits passés et les explications faites par le protagoniste extradiégétique qui semble nous expliquer le présent de ce personnage mythique. Ainsi, voyons-nous deux réalités, présent et passé, racontées avec des points de vue différents par des narrateurs distincts. Au discours du narrateur premier, suivra la narration des événements passés du narrateur intradiégitique, qui semble rétorquer, répondre aux remarques faites et qui entre ainsi en dialogue avec lui-même et son passé. A travers cette étude détaillée des instances narratives selon le point de vue de Gérard Genette, nous allons essayer de déceler le développement personnel de ce protagoniste dont le récit est construit d’une manière inhabituelle.Just as with many of Amin Maalouf’s books, Ports of call contains a mise en abyme. Protagonist Ossyane’s story has been first presented to us by an extradiegetic narrator. Thanks to the reports made by the extradiegetic narrator, we become aware of Ossyane’s exciting story which proceeds in a culturally rich historical background, and then, as the in-text (inner narrative) narrator, the protagonist tells his own life story in the first person singular. Why is such a narrative and stylistic approach chosen? Does the author want to add a new dimension to his text by blending the personal narrative of the protagonist, who tells his past from an internal perspective, with the explanations of the extra-textual narrator, who seems to explain the legendary character's present to us? Are there two realities of the present and the past, told by two different narrators from two different perspectives? The first narrator's narrative is followed by the narration of past events by the in-text narrator, who appears to respond to comments, answer questions, and enters into a dialogue with himself and his past. In this study, we will try to reveal the personal development of the protagonist in question, whose story is constructed in an unusual way, by examining narrative examples in detail, based on Gérard Genette's theoretical thoughts
Artificial Intelligence-Based Detection and Numbering of Dental Implants on Panoramic Radiographs
No full textObjectivesThis study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning model for the detection and numbering of dental implants in panoramic radiographs. The novelty of this model lies in its ability to both detect and number implants, offering improvements in clinical decision support for dental implantology.Materials and MethodsA retrospective dataset of 32 585 panoramic radiographs, collected from patients at Sivas Cumhuriyet University between 2014 and 2024, was utilized. Two deep-learning models were trained using the YOLOv8 algorithm. The first model classified the regions of the jaw to number the teeth and identify implant regions, while the second model performed implant segmentation. Performance metrics including precision, recall, and F1-score were used to evaluate the model's effectiveness.ResultsThe implant segmentation model achieved a precision of 91.4%, recall of 90.5%, and an F1-score of 93.1%. For the implant-numbering task, precision ranged from 0.94 to 0.981, recall from 0.895 to 0.956, and F1-scores from 0.917 to 0.966 across various jaw regions. The analysis revealed that implants were most frequently located in the maxillary posterior region.ConclusionsThe AI model demonstrated high accuracy in detecting and numbering dental implants in panoramic radiographs. This technology offers the potential to reduce clinicians' workload and improve diagnostic accuracy in dental implantology. Further validation across more diverse datasets is recommended to enhance its clinical applicability.Clinical RelevanceThis AI model could revolutionize dental implant detection and classification, providing fast, objective analyses to support clinical decision-making in dental practices