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Specific optical solitons solutions to the coupled radhakrishnan–kundu–lakshmanan model and modulation instability gain spectra in birefringent fibers
Get PDFIn this work, we examine optical solitons to the Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation (RKL) equation which describes the optical pulses in birefringent fiber (Raza and Javid in J Appl Anal Comput 10:1375–1395, 2020; Seadawy et al. in Opt Quant Electron 53:324, 2021) by using the New Generalized Auxiliary Equation Method (NGAEM). After some mathematical transformations, owing some constraint relations it is obtained two categories of soliton solutions. The first includes bright and dark optical solitons, while in the second class it is divulged the combined bright-dark and bright-bright optical solitons. Taking some suitable parameters of the model and the NGAEM, it is put up W-shaped optical solitons and diverse other solutions. Thereafter, we use the continuous waves as solutions of the model with small perturbations, to show the effects of the TOD, ellipticity angle and XPM on the Modulation Instability (MI) gain in normal and anomalous dispersion regime. It has been indicated that the third-order dispersion in normal/aanomalous dispersion regime can generate MI growth rate. At the same time, the ellipticity angle and such others parameters of the model play an important role during the MI growth rate (gain). Compared the obtained appropriate results in terms of analytical results and dynamics of the MI to Refs. (Raza and Javid 2020; Seadawy et al. 2021; Yepez-Martinez et al. in Chin J Phys 58:137–150, 2019; Drummond et al. in Opt Commun 78:137–142, 1990; Li et al. in Commun Theor Phys 65:231–236, 2016), they are new in our knowledge
Technique, feasibility, utility, limitations, and future perspectives of a new technique of applying direct in-scope suction to improve outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery for stones
Get PDFAbstract: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is accepted as a primary modality for the management of renal stones up to 2 cm. The limitations of RIRS in larger volume stones include limited visualization due to the snow-globe effect and persistence of fragments that cannot be removed. We describe a new, simple, cost-effective modification that can be attached to any flexible ureteroscope which allows simultaneous/alternating suction and aspiration during/after laser lithotripsy using the scope as a conduit to remove the fragments or dust from the pelvicalyceal system called direct in-scope suction (DISS) technique. Between September 2020 and September 2021, 30 patients with kidney stones underwent RIRS with the DISS technique. They were compared with 28 patients who underwent RIRS with a 11Fr/13Fr suction ureteral access sheaths (SUASs) in the same period. RIRS and laser lithotripsy were carried out traditionally with a Holmium laser for the SUAS group or a thulium fiber laser for the DISS group. There was no difference in age, gender, and history of renal lithiasis between the two groups. Ten (40%) patients had multiple stones in the DISS groups, whilst there were no patients with multiple stones in the SUAS group. Median stone size was significantly higher in the DISS group [22.0 (18.0–28.8) vs. 13.0 (11.8–15.0) millimeters, p < 0.001]. Median surgical time was significantly longer in the DISS group [80.0 (60.0–100) minutes] as compared to the SUAS group [47.5 (41.5–60.3) minutes, p < 0.001]. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the DISS group [1.00 (0.667–1.00) vs. 1.00 (1.00–2.00) days, p = 0.02]. Postoperative complications were minor, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The incidence of residual fragments did not significantly differ between the two groups [10 (33.3%) in the DISS group vs. 10 (35.7%) in the SUAS group, p = 0.99] but 10 (33.3%) patients required a further RIRS for residual fragments in the DISS group, whilst only one (3.6%) patient in the SUAS group required a subsequent shock wave lithotripsy treatment. Our audit study highlighted that RIRS with DISS technique was feasible with an acceptable rate of retreatment as compared to RIRS with SUAS
Optical solitons with cubic-quintic-aeptic-nonic nonlinearities and quadrupled power-law nonlinearity: An observation
Get PDFAbstract The current paper considers the enhanced Kudryashov’s technique to retrieve solitons with a governing model having cubic-quintic-septic-nonic and quadrupled structures of self-phase modulation. The results prove that it is redundant to extend the self-phase modulation beyond cubic-quintic nonlinearity or dual-power law of nonlinearity
Effects of chemo-therapeutic drugs used in head and neck cancers on submandibular glands of rats
Get PDFIntroduction: Chemo-therapeutic drugs can cause morphological damages to the salivary glands. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze and elucidate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, methotrexate (MTX), and adriamycin (ADR)-induced morphological changes on submandibular glands (SMGs) of the rats. Material and methods: Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups, with 8 rats per group. In the control group, 1 ml/kg 0.9% sterile saline solution; in the second group, 100 mg/kg dose of 5-FU; in the third group, 5 mg/kg dose of cisplatin; in the fourth group, 15 mg/kg dose of MTX; in the fifth group, 15 mg/kg dose of ADR were injected once a day for three consecutive days intra-peritoneally. In all groups, SMGs were excised, histopathological analyses were done using a light microscope, and total protein content was analyzed according to Lowry method. Data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn’s tests. Results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and significance level of p 0.05). Acinus areas of 5-FU, ADR, cisplatin, and MTX groups were lower than that of the control significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions: According to morphological parameters of our study, the most toxic effects were found to be caused by 5-FU, followed by ADR and cisplatin, while MTX presented the least toxic effects on the rats’ SMGs
Dark solitary pulses and moving fronts in an optical medium with the higher-order dispersive and nonlinear effects
Get PDFWe study the propagation dynamics of extremely short light pulses in an optical fiber medium exhibiting a plethora of higher-order dispersive and nonlinear effects of different nature. The wave propagation in such nonlinear media is described by an extended nonlinear Schrö dinger equation incorporating both even and odd higher-order terms. We introduce an appropriate nonlinear equation which enables us to achieve analytical shape-preserved and periodic wave solutions for the model. A new dark solitary wave is identified for the first time in the presence of all physical processes. In addition, we show that moving fronts or optical shock-type soliton solutions exist for the considered model. The periodic wave solutions are also found together with the parametric conditions for their existence. Results in this study may be useful for experimental realization of shape-preserved pulses in optical fibers and further understanding of their optical transmission properties
Glans diameter and meatus localization are the sole predictors of primary distal hypospadias surgery complications: A multivariate analysis of single surgeon series
No full textIntroduction: Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) surgery is among the most successful techniques for distal hypospadias. Our objective was the investigation of complication rates and their predictors. Methods: Between 2010 and 2021, 150 patients with distal hypospadias were operated on consecutively by a single surgeon using the TIPU technique. The primary outcome was the complication rates including fistula, meatal stenosis, and glans dehiscence. Secondary outcomes were predictor factors of complications. Results: The average glans diameter was 13.9 ± 0.10 mm and 57.0% of the patients had a glans diameter greater than 14 mm. Single-layer and double-layer urethroplasty were used in 55.3% (n = 83) and 44.7% (n = 67) of patients, respectively. Overall complication rate was 23.3% (n = 35), which included fistula (3.3%, n = 5), glans dehiscence (12.7%, n = 19), and meatal stenosis (8.6%, n = 13). Glandular meatus localization (OR = 58.8, p = 0.001) and smaller glans diameter (OR = 0.39, p = 0.001) were significant predictors in the multivariate analysis of overall complications. For fistula complications, only short operation time (OR = 0.83, p = 0.03) was found as a significant predictor. Glans width (<14 mm) was the only significant predictor of both glans dehiscence (OR = 3.4, p = 0.03) and stenosis (OR = 5.67, p = 0.013) complication. Conclusion: TIPU technique for distal hypospadias has notable success and acceptable complication rates. Dartos augmented single-layer urethral closure seems adequate for complication prevention. Preoperative assessment of the glans width and meatus site is advised to predict complication rates
On soliton solutions for perturbed Fokas–Lenells equation
No full textAbstract In this work, a variety of optical soliton solutions are derived for a nonlinear generalized equation with variable coefcients. At frst, a computational approach is used to obtain solutions for the proposed model for a particular case. After, a generalized approach is considered to obtain other type of solutions given in a more general form. From the model considered here, the classical perturbed Fokas-Lenells equation is obtained and new optical soliton solutions for this last case are presented. Finally, some conclusions are given
Examination of the attitudes of health professionals towards women who are victims of sexual assault crime
No full textÖZET
Kadına yönelik şiddet ve cinsel saldırı toplumun gelişmesinin önüne geçen önemli problemlerden birisidir. Kadın mağduru olduğu cinsel saldırı sonucu fiziksel zararın yanı sıra psikolojik zarar da görmektedir. Yaşadığı psikolojik zararın en önemli nedeni ise toplum tarafından yapılan olumsuz nitelendirmelerdir. Cinsel saldırı mağduru kadınların bu süreçte temasta olduğu toplumsal birimlerden bir de sağlık profesyonelleridir. Bu araştırmanın amacı sağlık profesyonellerinin cinsel saldırı suçu mağduru kadınlara yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, 2021 yılında İstanbul ilinde bulunan hastanelerde görev yapan rastgele seçilen 450 sağlık profesyonelinden elde edilen veriler ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla ‘Illinois Tecavüz Mitlerini Kabul Ölçeği’ ile ‘Kadına İlişkin Namus Anlayışı Tutum Ölçeği ‘kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler belirlenmiş bazı faktörlere göre (cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, meslek, deneyim süresi, cinsel saldırı vakası ile karşılaşma durumu, cinsel suç/istismar ile ilgili eğitim alma durumu gibi değişkenler) değerlendirilmiştir. Gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amacıyla "t" testi ve "tek yönlü varyans analizi" (Anova) kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda sağlık profesyonellerinin cinsel saldırı suçu mağduru kadınlara yönelik tutumlarının pozitif yönlü olduğu görülmüştür. Sağlık profesyonellerinin cinsel saldırı suçu mağduru kadınlara yönelik tutumlarının cinsiyet, yaş, meslek, daha önce cinsel saldırı vakası ile karşılaşma durumu, cinsel suç/istismar ile ilgili eğitim alma durumu faktörlerinden etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. İleri yaşlardaki sağlık profesyonellerinin, doktor olan katılımcıların, daha önce cinsel saldırı vakası ile karşılaşmış olan katılımcıların ve cinsel suç/istismar eğitimi almış olan katılımcıların cinsel saldırı suçu mağduru kadınlara yönelik tutumlarının daha pozitif yönlü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.SUMMARY
Violence and sexual assault against women is one of the important problems that prevent the development of society. As a result of the sexual assault she is a victim of, she suffers psychological harm as well as physical harm. The most important reason for the psychological damage he experiences is the negative characterizations made by the society. Health professionals are one of the social units that women who are victims of sexual assault come into contact with during this process. The aim of this study is to investigation of attitudes of health professionals towards women victims of sexual assault crime. Relational screening model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. The research was conducted with data obtained from 450 randomly selected healthcare professionals working in hospitals in Istanbul in 2021. The “Illinois Rape Myths Acceptance Scale” and the “Honor Conception Attitude Scale towards Women” were used to collect data in the study. The collected data were evaluated according to some determined factors (variables such as gender, age, marital status, occupation, duration of experience, encountering a case of sexual assault, education about sexual crime/abuse). It was interpreted using the "t" test and "one-way analysis of variance" (Anova) in order to determine whether there was a significant difference between the groups. As a result of the study, it was seen that the attitudes of health professionals towards women who were victims of sexual assault crime were positive. It has been determined that the attitudes of health professionals towards women who are victims of sexual assault crime are affected by factors such as gender, age, occupation, previous encounter with a sexual assault case, and education about sexual crime/abuse. It has been determined that the attitudes of elderly health professionals, participants who are doctors, participants who have encountered sexual assault cases before, and participants who have received sexual crime/abuse training towards women who are victims of sexual assault crime are more positive
Radiomics in urolithiasis: Systematic review of current applications, limitations, and future directions
No full textAbstract: Radiomics is increasingly applied to the diagnosis, management, and outcome prediction of various urological conditions. Urolithiasis is a common benign condition with a high incidence and recurrence rate. The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the current evidence of the application of radiomics in urolithiasis, especially its utility in diagnostics and therapeutics. An electronic literature search on radiomics in the setting of urolithiasis was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus from inception to 21 March 2022. A total of 7 studies were included. Radiomics has been successfully applied in the field of urolithiasis to differentiate phleboliths from calculi and classify stone types and composition pre-operatively. More importantly, it has also been utilized to predict outcomes and complications after endourological procedures. Although radiomics in urolithiasis is still in its infancy, it has the potential for large-scale implementation. Its greatest potential lies in the correlation with conventional established diagnostic and therapeutic factors
The effect of penis size on partner sexual satisfaction: A literature review
No full textAbstract Larger penis size has been associated with a sign of strength, masculinity, and social standing. Little study has examined the relationship between men’s penis size and their partners’ sexual satisfaction. The purpose of the present study was to detail and evaluate the effect of penis size on partner sexual satisfaction with a design of narrative literature review. A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed was conducted to discover relevant studies on this issue. Currently, available studies show incomplete results between the penis size and partners’ sexual satisfaction and are limited by methodological drawbacks, including small sample’s size. The link between penis size and the sexual satisfaction of the partner need to be supported by more robust scientific evidence