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Resonant NLSE in the presence of spatio-temporal and intermodal dispersion is dominated by a myriad of nonlinearities
No full textAbstract
This article is dedicated to investigating a myriad of nonlinear forms of the resonant nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which is one of the essential examples of evolution equations, and providing some observations. The resonant nonlinear Schrodinger equation, in the presence of spatio-temporal and inter-modal dispersion, was addressed using the recently introduced Kudryashov's method, and solution functions were obtained for eleven different nonlinear forms (Kerr, power, parabolic, dual-power, polynomial, triple-power, quadratic-cubic, generalized quadratic-cubic, anti-cubic, generalized anti-cubic, and parabolic law with non-local nonlinearity). The study will contribute to the literature not only by examining such a diverse set of nonlinear forms together but also by investigating the impact of the degree of nonlinearity and the coefficients of different nonlinearity terms on soliton behavior. Detailed examinations of all these points, the results obtained, observations, and necessary comments have been made in the relevant sections
Modeling disruption of Apis mellifera (honey bee) odorant-binding protein function with high-affinity binders
Get PDFChemical toxins pose a great threat to honey bee health because they affect memory and cognition, diminish immunity, and increase susceptibility to infection, resulting in decreased colony performance, reproduction, and survival. Although the behavioral effects of sub-lethal chemical exposure on honey bees have been intensively studied, how xenobiotics affect olfaction, at the molecular level, still needs to be elucidated. In the present work, in silico tools, such as molecular docking, binding free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations are used to predict if environmental chemicals have stronger binding affinities to honey bee antennal odorant-binding protein 14 (OBP14) than the representative floral odors citralva, eugenol, and the fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine. Based on structural analysis, 21 chemicals from crop pesticides, household appliances, cosmetics, food, public health-related products, and other sources, many of which are pervasive in the hive environment, have higher binding affinities than the floral odors. These results suggest that chemical exposures are likely to interfere with the honey bee's sense of smell and this disruptive mechanism may be responsible for the lower associative learning and memory based on olfaction found in bees exposed to pesticides. Moreover, bees mainly rely on olfactory cues to perceive their environment and orient themselves as well as to discriminate and identify their food, predators, nestmates, and diseased individuals that need to be removed with hygienic behavior. In summary, sub-lethal exposure to environmental toxins can contribute to colony collapse in several ways from the disruption of proper olfaction functioning
İdiopatik parmak ucu yürüyen çocuklar ve bağımsız yürüyebilen diparetik serebral palsili çocuklar arasındaki yürüme parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması
No full textAbstract
Parmak ucunda yürüme (PY), yürüme fazının ilk temas ve basma fazları sırasında topuk vuruşunun olmaması veya alınamaması olarak tanımlanır. PY, 3 yaşından sonra patolojik kabul edilir. PY paternine neden olabilecek herhangi nörolojik ya da kas iskelet sistemi problemi bulunmadığında idiopatik parmak ucu yürüme (İPY) olarak adlandırılır. Diparetik serebral palsili (DSP) olgularda ise yürümeye başladığı zaman plantarfleksörlerdeki (PF) spastisitesi nedeniyle basma fazı boyunca PY gözlenir. Doğru bir prognoz ve tedavi planı için İPY ve DSP'nin ayrımı oldukça önemlidir. Çalışmanın amacı, 3 Boyutlu (3D) Yürüme Analizi yöntemiyle İPY ile KMFSS 1 seviyesine sahip DSP'li olgularda statik, kinematik ve kinetik parametreleri normal yürüme parametreleri ile karşılaştırmak, İPY ve DSP'nin erken teşhisi ve iki grup arasındaki yürüme parametrelerine ilişkin farklılıkları belirlemektir. Çalışmaya KMFSS seviyesi 1 olan 17 İPY, 15 DSP, 19 sağlıklı toplam 51 olgu dahil edildi. İPY ve DSP arasındaki farkı değerlendirmek için 3D Yürüme Analizi Yöntemi kullanıldı. İlk temas diz fleksiyon açısı gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldığında, Sağlıklı-DSP ve İPY- DSP grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p=.002; p=.001). Basma ortası ayak ilerleme açısı gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldığında, Sağlıklı-DSP ve İPY-DSP grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p=.001; p=.001). Basma ortası maksimum ayak bileği gücü parametresi gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldığında, Sağlıklı-DSP ve İPY- DSP grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p=.001; p=.001). Maksimum diz fleksiyonundan diz ekstansiyonuna geçiş süresine bakıldığında, Sağlıklı-DSP ve İPY- DSP grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p=.001; p=.002). Sonuç olarak, 3D yürüme analizinde elde ettiğimiz kinetik ve kinematik parametrelerin, klinikte İPY ve DSP olgularını ayırt etmek amacıyla kullanılabileceğini, özellikle ilk temasta diz fleksiyon açısı, ayak ilerleme açısı, maksimum ayak bileği gücü ve maksimum diz fleksiyonundan diz ekstansiyonuna geçiş süresi parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini belirledik. Anahtar Kelimeler: İdiopatik parmak ucu yürüme, parmak ucu yürüme, serebral palsi, 3D yürüme analizi.
Toe walking (TW) is defined as the absence or failure of heel strike during the first contact and stance phases of the walking phase. TW is considered pathological after 3 years of age. It is called idiopathic toe walking (ITW) when there is no neurological or musculoskeletal problem that could cause the TW pattern. In patients with diparetic cerebral palsy (DCP), on the other hand, PL is observed during the stance phase due to spasticity in the plantarflexors (PF) when they start walking. For an accurate prognosis and treatment plan, the distinction between ITW and DCP is very important. The aim of the study is to compare static, kinematic and kinetic parameters with normal gait parameters in cases with DCP who have ITW with GMFCS 1 using 3D Gait Analysis method, and to determine the differences in gait parameters between the two groups. A total of 51 patients with GMFCS level 1, 17 ITW, 15 DCP, and 19 healthy, were included in the study. The 3D Gait Analysis Method was used to evaluate the difference between ITW and DCP. When the first contact knee flexion angle was compared between the groups, a significant difference was found between the Healthy- DCP and ITW-DCP groups (p=.002; p=.001). A significant difference was found between the Healthy-DCP and ITW-DCP groups when the mid-pressing foot progression angle was compared between the groups (p=.001; p=.001). When the mid- pressure maximum ankle strength parameter was compared between the groups, a significant difference was found between the Healthy-DCP and ITW-DCP groups (p=.001; p=.001). Considering the transition time from maximum knee flexion to knee extension, a significant difference was found between the Healthy-DCP and ITW-DCP groups (p=.001; p=.002). As a result, we determined that the kinetic and kinematic parameters obtained in the 3D gait analysis can be used to distinguish between IR and DCP cases in the clinic, and that the parameters of knee flexion angle, foot advancement angle, maximum ankle strength and transition time from maximum knee flexion to knee extension should be evaluated, especially at first contact. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, idiopathic toe walking, toe walking, 3D gait analysis
Henle Fiber Layer Thickness And Area Measurement In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Wıih And Without Retinopathy Using A Modifıed Directıonal Optical Coherence Tomography Strategy
Get PDFABSTRACT
Purpose: To investigate the thicknesses and areas of Henle fiber layer (HFL), outer
nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer in the eyes of patients with diabetes with no diabetic
retinopathy, in eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy without diabetic macular
edema, and in healthy eyes using a modified directional optical coherence tomography
strategy.
Methods: In this prospective study, the no diabetic retinopathy group included 79
participants, the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group comprised 68 participants, and
the control group had 58 participants. Thicknesses and areas of Henle fiber layer, outer
nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer were measured on a horizontal single optical
coherence tomography scan centered on the fovea using directional optical coherence
tomography.
Results: The foveal, parafoveal, and total HFL were significantly thinner in the
nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group than in the no diabetic retinopathy group and
the control group (all P , 0.05). The no diabetic retinopathy group had significantly thinner
foveal HFL thickness and area compared with the control group (all P , 0.05). The nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group had significantly thicker outer nuclear layer thickness and area in all regions than the other groups (all P , 0.05). The outer plexiform layer
measurements did not differ between the groups (all P . 0.05).
Conclusion: Directional optical coherence tomography provides isolated thickness and
area measurement of HFL. In patients with diabetes, the HFL is thinner, and HFL thinning
begins before the presence of diabetic retinopathy
Unfolding the transmission dynamics of monkeypox virus: An epidemiological modelling analysis
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Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic viral disease that has caused recurring outbreaks in West Africa. The current global mpox virus (mpoxv) epidemic in endemic and non-endemic areas has seriously threatened public health. In this study, we design an SEIR-based deterministic model that considers prodromal stage, differential infectivity, and hospitalisation to investigate the transmission behaviour of mpoxv, which could help enhance control interventions. The model is theoretically analyzed by computing essential epidemiological quantities/dynamics, such as the basic reproduction number, which estimates the number of secondary infections caused by a typical primary case in an entirely susceptible community. Stability of the model's equilibrium states is examined to evaluate the transmission potential of the mpoxv. Furthermore, partial rank correlation coefficient was adopted for sensitivity analysis to determine the top-rank model's parameters for controlling the spread of mpoxv. Moreover, numerical simulations and model predictions are performed and are used to evaluate the influence of some crucial model parameters that help in strengthening the prevention and control of mpoxv infection
Examining the impact of the interactive book reading program on the vocabulary of children diagnosed with autism
No full textÖZET Bu araştırmada Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu olan çocuklarda sözcük dağarcığı üzerinde etkileşimli kitap okuma programının etkililiğinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çocukların kelimeleri öğrenmedeki edinim düzeyleri, öğretimin tamamlanmasının ardından katılımcıların kalıcılık performansları ve edindikleri beceriyi farklı kişi, ortam ve materyallere de genelleyebilme performansları incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkeni etkileşimli kitap okuma programı, bağımsız değişkeni ise sözcük dağarcığı olarak belirlenmiştir. Tek denekli araştırma yöntemlerinden katılımcılar arası yoklama evreli çoklu yoklama modeli ile tasarlanan bu araştırmaya yaşları 5-6 olan otizm tanılı 3 erkek çocuk katılım göstermiştir. Katılımcılara "Babamın Battaniyesi" adlı hikâye kitabı etkileşimli kitap okuma programı stratejileri takip edilerek okunarak çocukların bilmedikleri tespit edilen "korsan, hamak, buzağı, kızılderili, çadır" kelimelerinin öğretilmesi hedeflenmiştir. İlgili araştırmada doğru gerçekleştirilen davranışların yüzdesini tespit edebilmek amacıyla beceri kayıt formları oluşturulmuş ve sıklık kaydı tekniği kullanılarak ölçüm sağlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak gözlemciler arası güvenirlik ve uygulama güvenirliği verilerine yer verilmiştir. Guvenirlik bulguları incelendiğinde yüksek bulgular elde edildiği görülmektedir. Araştırmanın sosyal geçerlik verilerinde katılımcıların ailelerine ve eğitimcilerine yer verilmiş olup araştırmanın sosyal açıdan önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları incelendiğinde ise her üç katılımcının hedef kelimeleri öğrenebildiği, farklı kişi, ortam ve materyallere genelleyebildiği ve çalışmanın sonlanmasının ardından 1. 2. ve 4. haftasında toplanan izleme verilerinde hedef becerinin kalıcılığını sağladıkları görülmüştür.ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to examine the impact of the interactive book reading program on the vocabulary of children diagnosed with autism.In this context, thelevel of children's achievement in learning words, theretention performance of the participants after the completion of the teaching, and the performance of generalizing the achieved skills to different people, environments and also materials were examined. The dependent variable of the study was specified as the interactive book reading program, while the independent variable was the vocabulary. Three male children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, aged between 5-6 years, participated in this study, which was designed with a multiple probe design across participant, which is one of the single-subject research model. It was aimed to teach the participants the words "pirate, hammock, calf, Indian, tent", which were determined not to be known by children, by reading the storybook called "My Father's Blanket" by following the strategies of the interactive book reading program. In there lated research, skill registration forms were created in order to determine the percentage of correctly performed behaviors and measurements were made using the frequency registration technique. In addition, inter-observer reliability and application reliability data were included. When the reliability findings were examined, it was seen that high findings were obtained. In the social validity data of the research, the families and instructors/educators of the participants were included and it was determined that the research was socially important. When the research findings were examined, it was seen that all three participants were able to learn the target words, generalize them to different people, environments and materials, and ensure the permanence of the target skill in the follow-up data collected in the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks after theend of the stud
Synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity, inverse molecular docking, and acid dissociation constants of new naphthoquinone-thiazole hybrids
Get PDFABSTRACT Chronic Inflammation is associated with various types of diseases that involves pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α. High costs and serious side effects of available anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs led us to design new compounds with promising anti-inflammatory activities. Many drugs and biologically important compounds involve naphthoquinone and thiazole moieties in their core structures. Thereby, here we report the synthesis, characterization and anti-inflammatory activities of new naphthoquinone thiazole hybrids by reaction of naphthoquinone acyl thioureas with various α-bromoketone derivatives. The position of NO2 group in one of the phenyl rings of naphthoquinone thiazole hybrids was changed while different substituents were introduced at the para position of the second phenyl ring. All compounds were tested for potential immunomodulatory effect. No inflammatory cytokines were observed in the absence of LPS stimulant. On the other hand, they had promising anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory activities by being able to decrease the production of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in the LPS-stimulated cells. In an effort to find the possible mechanism of action, several enzymes involved in signalling pathways that play critical roles in inflammatory responses were screened in silico. Subsequent to inverse molecular docking approach, PI3K was predicted be the potential target. The docked complexes of the most potent compounds 5g and 5i were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation to assess the binding stability of the igands with the putative target. Acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the products were also determined potentiometrically
Self-efficacy and social support as predictors of social cohesion in gifted individuals
No full textÖZET
Bu araştırmanın amacı, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin sosyal uyum, öz-yeterlik ve
sosyal destek düzeylerinin kişisel bilgi formunda yer alan değişkenler açısından
incelemek ve diğer iki değişkenin sosyal uyumu yordama gücünü belirlemektir.
Araştırmaya 2021-2022 yıllarında İstanbul’daki Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerine giden
361 öğrenci dahil edilmiştir. Öğrencilere araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan Kişisel
Bilgi Formu, Aydoğdu ve Gürsoy’un (2020) geliştirdiği "Sosyal Uyum Ölçeği", Telef
’in (2011) Türkçeye uyarladığı "Çocuklar İçin Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği" ve Cırık’ın (2010)
Türkçeye uyarladığı "Çocuk ve Ergenler için Sosyal Destek Değerlendirme Ölçeği"
uygulanmıştır. Ölçek ve formlardan elde edilen veriler SPSS 24 programı kullanılarak
analiz edilmiştir.
Araştırma sonucuna göre sosyal uyum ile kişisel bilgi formundaki demografik
özellik değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür. Öz-yeterlik ile
demografik özellik açısından fark analizine ilişkin bulgular incelendiğinde
öğrencilerin sosyal öz-yeterlikleri cinsiyet, kardeş sayısı ve anne eğitim düzeyi
değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Sosyal destek ile demografik
özellik açısından yapılan analizlere ilişkin bulgulara bakıldığında öğrencilerin sosyal
desteği (önem) cinsiyet faktörüne göre fark görülürken sosyal desteği (sıklık)
BİLSEM’de geçirilen yıl, kardeş sayısı ve doğum sırasına göre farklılık görülmektedir.
Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda öğrencilerin öz-yeterlik ve sosyal destekleri
sosyal uyumun yordayıcısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the social adaptation, self-efficacy, and social
support levels of gifted students in terms of the variables in the personal information
form and to determine the predictive power of the other two variables. 361 students
who went to Science and Art Centers in Istanbul in 2021-2022 were included in the
research. Personal Information Form created by the researcher for the students, the
"Social Cohesion Scale" developed by Aydoğdu and Gürsoy (2020), the "Self-Efficacy
Scale for Children" adapted to Turkish by Telef (2011), and the "Child Efficiency
Scale" adapted to Turkish by Cırık (2010). and Social Support Evaluation Scale for
Adolescents" was applied. The data obtained from the scales and forms were analyzed
using the SPSS 24 program.
According to the results of the research, it was seen that there was no significant
difference between social adaptation and demographic characteristics in the personal
information form. When the findings related to the different analyses in terms of selfefficacy and demographic characteristics were examined, a significant difference was
found according to the variables of social self-efficacy of the students, gender, number
of siblings, and mother's education level. When we look at the findings of the analyzes
made in terms of social support and demographic characteristics, there is a difference
according to the gender factor of the students' social support (importance), while the
social support (frequency) differs according to the year spent in BILSEM, the number
of siblings and birth order. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined
that students' self-efficacy and social support were predictors of social cohesion
The weakly non‑linear waves propagation for Kelvin – Helmholtz instability in the magnetohydrodynamics fow impelled by fractional theory
Get PDFAbstract The weakly nonlinear wave propagation that occurs in the presence of magnetic felds, in which energy is concentrated in a narrow band of wave-numbers in a dispersive and dissipative fuid. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the (2 + 1)−dimensional elliptic nonlinear Schrodinger equation under the infuence of three diferent fractional operators. The generalized fractional soliton solutions and propagation of magnetohydrodynamics fuid in sort of solition will be visualized. The Conformable, 훽 and M-truncated fractional operator applied to classical evolution Schrodinger equation. In order to get the analytical closed form solution, one of the generalized approach new extended direct algebraic method is utilized. The fractional nonlinear elliptic Schrodinger equation is developed in three diferent fractional sense. The similarity transformation technique converted the controlling fractional system to ordinary diferential equations. The fractional analytical solutions such as, plane solution, mixed hyperbolic solution, periodic and mixed periodic solutions, mixed trigonometric solution, trigonometric solution, shock solution, mixed shock singular solution, mixed singular solution, complex solitary shock solution, singular solution and shock wave solutions are obtained. The graphical 2-D and 3-D representation of the results is shown to express the propagation of fuid with the magnetic feld by assuming the appropriate values of the involved parameters. The graphical performance of the obtained solution at various settings of parametric values and fractional order reveals new perspectives and fascinating model phenomena. The attained outcomes have signifcant applications and have opened up innovative development areas for research across numerous scientifc felds
Prenatal immobility stress: Relationship with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and intrauterine growth restriction in rats
Get PDFAbstract : BackgroundPrenatal stress is a significant risk factor affecting pregnant women and fetal health. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of immobility stress at different periods of pregnancy on oxidative stress, inflammation, placental apoptosis and intrauterine growth retardation in rats.MethodsFifty adult virgin female Wistar albino rats were used. Pregnant rats were exposed to 6 h/day immobilization stress in a wire cage at different stages of pregnancy. Groups I and II (Day 1-10 stress group) were sacrificed on the 10th day of pregnancy, and Group III, Group IV (10-19th-day stress group), and Group V (1-19th-day stress group) were sacrificed on the 19th day of pregnancy. Inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and corticosterone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in the placenta were spectrophotometrically measured. Histopathological analyses of the placenta were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in placenta tissues were determined by the indirect immunohistochemical method. Placental apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL staining method.ResultsWe found that the immobility stress during pregnancy significantly increased serum corticosterone levels. Our results showed that the immobility stress diminished the number and weight of fetuses in rats compared to the non-stress group. The immobility stress caused significant histopathological changes in the connection zone and labyrinth zone and increased placental TNF-a and caspase-3 immunoreactivity and placental apoptosis. In addition, immobility stress significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and MDA and caused a significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and anti-inflammatory IL-10.ConclusionsOur data suggest that immobility stress causes intrauterine growth retardation by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and deteriorating placental histomorphology and deregulating inflammatory and oxidative processes