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The effect of menstrual hygiene product use on menstrual attitude, genital hygiene, and quality of life in women
No full textPlanlanan bu çalışmada kadınlarda menstrüel hijyen ürünü kullanımının menstrüel tutum, genital hijyen ve yaşam kalitesine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırma, Mart 2023-Mart 2024 tarihleri arasında İstanbul İli Avrupa yakasında bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezinde randomize kontrollü bir çalışma olarak yürütüldü. Araştırma, 15-49 yaş aralığında olan menstrüel hijyen ürünü kullanan toplam 90 kadın (Kontrol=30, Girişim I=30, Girşim II=30) dahi edilmiştir. Her gruba Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Genital Hijyen Davranışları Ölçeği, Menstrüasyon Tutum Ölçeği ve Yaşam Kalitesi SF-12 Ölçeği uygulanarak araştırma verileri toplandı. Araştırmadaki istatistiksel analizler R yazılımı ile gerçekleştirildi. Bulgularda, Girişim I ve Girişim II gruplarında ürünü değiştirme isteği, ilk kullanım sonrasında anlamlı şekilde azalmış olup, memnuniyet ve önerme eğilimi artarak sonraki döngülerde aynı şekilde devam etmiştir (p< .05). Kontrol grubunda ürünü başkalarına önerme, Girişim I ve Girişim II' e göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p< .05). Girişim I ve Girişim II gruplarında kullanım sonrası algılanan menstrüel sınırlamalar ve rahatsızlıklar, etkiyi reddetme anlamlı şekilde azalmış olup menstrüel normallik algısının anlamlı şekilde arttığı tespit edildi. Kontrol grubunda genital hijyen düzeylerinde anlamlı şekilde düştüğü görülürken, Girişim I grubunda genital hijyen davranışlarının aynı kaldığı, Girişim II grubunda genital hijyen davranışlarında artış olduğu saptandı (p< .05). Kontrol grubunda menstrüel tutum düzeylerinin aynı kaldığı, Girşim I ve Grişim II grubunda menstrüel tutumun olumlu etkilendiği tespit edildi. Yaşam kalitesi açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiş olup, Girişim II grubunda yaşam kalitesi fiziksel boyutunda ürün kullanımı sonrası artış olduğu saptandı.This planned study aimed to evaluate the effects of menstrual hygiene product use on menstrual attitudes, genital hygiene, and quality of life in women. The research was conducted as a randomized controlled trial at a Family Health Center located on the European side of Istanbul, between March 2023 and March 2024. A total of 90 women aged between 15 and 49 who used menstrual hygiene products were included in the study (Control = 30, Intervention I = 30, Intervention II = 30). Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the Genital Hygiene Behavior Inventory, the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire, and the SF-12 Quality of Life Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using R software. The findings revealed that in the Intervention I and Intervention II groups, the desire to switch products significantly decreased after first use, while satisfaction and the tendency to recommend the product increased and remained consistent in subsequent cycles (p < .05). In the control group, the tendency to recommend the product to others was significantly higher compared to the intervention groups (p < .05). In the Intervention I and Intervention II groups, perceived menstrual limitations and discomfort, as well as rejection of the menstrual effect, significantly decreased, while the perception of menstrual normality significantly increased. While a significant decrease in genital hygiene levels was observed in the control group, genital hygiene behaviors remained unchanged in the Intervention I group and improved in the Intervention II group (p < .05). Menstrual attitudes remained unchanged in the control group, whereas a positive impact on menstrual attitudes was observed in both intervention groups. Although no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of overall quality of life, an improvement was noted in the physical component of quality of life in the Intervention II group after product use
Farklı üriner inkontinans tiplerine sahip çocuklarda multimodal pelvik taban rehabilitasyon programının etkinliği
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı farklı üriner inkontinans tiplerine sahip çocuklarda multimodal pelvik taban rehabilitasyon programının alt üriner sistem semptomları, pelvik taban kasları ve ilişkili diğer kasların fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmaya üriner inkontinans tanısı alan, 5-18 yaş arası 35 çocuk dahil edildi. Gündüz inkontinansı grubu (n=13), enürezis grubu (n=11) ve kombine gündüz inkontinansı ve enürezis grubu (n=11) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Multimodal pelvik taban rehabilitasyon programı, tüm gruplardaki çocuklara 10 hafta boyunca, haftada iki gün ve yaklaşık 50 dakika olacak şekilde uygulandı. Program; çocuk ve ebeveyn eğitimi, sağlıklı mesane ve bağırsak eğitimi, postür eğitimi, manuel yaklaşımlar, egzersiz eğitimi, biyofeedback tedavisi ve ev programını içerdi. Alt üriner sistem semptomları Disfonksiyonel İşeme ve İnkontinans Skorlama Sistemi (DİİSS), Mesane ve Bağırsak Disfonksiyon Ölçeği (MBDÖ), Çocukluk Çağı Mesane ve Bağırsak Disfonksiyon Anketi (ÇÇMBDA), mesane ve bağırsak günlükleri ile, pelvik taban kaslarının ve ilişkili diğer kasların fonksiyonları perineal değerlendirme, yüzeyel elektromiyografi ve ultrasonografi ölçümleri ile değerlendirildi. Tedavi sonrasında her üç grupta da DİİSS, MBDÖ ve ÇÇMBDA anket skorlarının anlamlı olarak azaldığı bulundu (p<0,05). Pelvik taban kaslarının istirahat aktivitesi ve kas tonusu tüm gruplarda azalırken, kasılma aktivitesi, kas kuvveti, endurans süresi ve fazik kasılma sayısı artış gösterdi (p<0,05). Pelvik taban kaslarının istirahati ve kasılması sırasında ilişkili diğer kas aktivitelerinde azalma, kas kalınlıklarında ise artış olduğu gözlendi (p<0,05). Bu çalışmada, farklı üriner inkontinans tipine sahip çocuklarda multimodal pelvik taban rehabilitasyon programının alt üriner sistem semptomlarının yanı sıra pelvik taban ve ilişkili diğer kas fonksiyonlarını iyileştirdiği görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, çocuklarda inkontinansın tüm alt tiplerinde multimodal pelvik taban rehabilitasyon programı etkili bir yaklaşım olarak önerilebilir.This study aimed to explore the effects of a multimodal pelvic floor rehabilitation program on lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic floor and related muscle function in children with different types of urinary incontinence. The study included 35 children aged 5–18 years who had been diagnosed with urinary incontinence. They were divided into three groups: daytime incontinence (n=13), enuresis (n=11) and combined daytime incontinence and enuresis (n=11). All children participated in a 10-week multimodal pelvic floor rehabilitation program, held twice a week for approximately 50 minutes each session. This program included child and parent education, healthy bladder and bowel education, postural education, manual approaches, exercise training, biofeedback therapy, and a home program. Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed using the Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System (DVISS), the Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire (BBDQ), the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire (CBBDQ), bladder and bowel diaries. The functions of the pelvic floor and related muscles were assessed using perineal evaluation, surface electromyography and ultrasound measurements. After treatment, DVISS, BBDQ and CBBDQ scores decreased significantly in all three groups (p<0.05). While the resting activity and muscle tone of the pelvic floor muscles decreased in all groups, contraction activity, muscle strength, endurance and phasic contraction increased (p<0.05). While the activity of other related muscles decreased during rest and contraction of the pelvic floor muscles, an increase in muscle thickness was determined (p<0.05). In this study, it was described that multimodal pelvic floor rehabilitation program improved lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic floor and related muscle functions in children with different types of urinary incontinence. Therefore, multimodal pelvic floor rehabilitation program can be recommended as an effective approach for all incontinence subtypes in children
Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin algıladıkları stresin psikomotor beceri eğitimine etkisi
No full textBeceri eğitiminde kullanılan tüm eğitim yöntemleri öğrencinin beceriyi etkin ve yetkin biçimde öğrenebilmesini hedeflemektedir. Araştırmanın amacı hemşirelik öğrencilerinin algıladıkları stres düzeyinin psikomotor beceri öğrenimi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Araştırma, İstanbul ilinde bulunan bir üniversitede sağlık bilimleri fakültesi hemşirelik bölümünde birinci sınıftaki 140 öğrenci ile tanımlayıcı tipte yapıldı. Araştırma verileri bilgi formu, beceri kontrol listesi ve durumluk ve sürekli kaygı ölçeği ile toplandı. Laboratuvarda, uygulama öncesinde öğrencilerden Bilgi Formu ve Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği'ni doldurmaları istendi. Uygulama aşamasında ise, öğrencilerin teorik eğitimini aldığı intravenöz katater uygulamasını, gerekli araç-gereçleri kendileri hazırlayarak kol maketi üzerinde işlem basamaklarına göre gerçekleştirmeleri değerlendirildi. Araştırmada verilerin değerlendirilmesinde frekans ve yüzde analizleri, ortalama ve standart sapma istatistikleri, pearson korelasyon analizleri, t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova), post hoc (Tukey, LSD), Cohen(d) ve Eta kare(η2) katsayıları analizlerinden faydalanıldı. Öğrencilerin %82,9'u (n=116) kadın, %17,1'i (n=24) erkektir. Öğrenciler kendilerini %50,7'si sakin/rahat, %9,3'ü umursamaz/endişelenmez, %28,6'sı stresli/gergin, %39,3'ü düşünceli, ve %10,0'u endişeli olarak tanımladı. Öğrencilerin beceri puan ortalaması (min:13 – mak:50) 33,50 ± 7,72 bulundu. Öğrencilerin durumluk kaygı ölçeğinden aldığı puanların ortalaması 38,72 ± 8,45; sürekli kaygı ölçeğinden aldığı puan ortalaması ise 42,29 ± 8,12 olarak belirlendi. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin dersin öğretim üyesinin yanında strese girdiğini ifade eden öğrencilerin beceri toplam puanları diğerlerinden anlamlı derecede yüksek (p=0.000) bulundu. Öğrencilerin durumluk kaygı ve sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ile beceri puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (p>0,05). Araştırmada becerinin sergilenmesinde durumluk kaygının olumsuzluk yaratmadığı belirlendi. Kaygının olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için stresle başa çıkma stratejileri konularındaki eğitimlerin düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir.All training methods used in skill training aim to enable the student to learn the skill effectively and competently. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of perceived stress level of nursing students on psychomotor skill learning. The study was a descriptive study with a total of 140 first-year undergraduate students in the nursing department of the faculty of health sciences at a university in Istanbul, who volunteered to participate in the study. The data were obtained from the information form, skills checklist and state and trait anxiety scale prepared by the researchers by reviewing the literature. In the laboratory, students were asked to fill in the Information Form and State-Trait Anxiety Scale before the application. In the application phase, students were evaluated to perform the intravenous catheter application, for which they received theoretical training, on the arm model by preparing the necessary tools and equipment themselves according to the procedure steps. Frequency and percentage analysis, mean and standard deviation statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (Anova), post hoc (Tukey, LSD), Cohen (d) and Eta square (η2) coefficients were used in the evaluation of the data. Of the students, 82.9% (n=116) were female and 17.1% (n=24) were male. The students described themselves as 50.7% calm/relaxed, 9.3% indifferent/not worried, 28.6% stressed/nervous, 39.3% thoughtful, and 10.0% anxious. The mean skill score of the students (min:13 - max:50) was 33.50 ± 7.72. The mean score of the students on the state anxiety scale was 38.72 ± 8.45 and the mean score on the trait anxiety scale was 42.29 ± 8.12. The total skill scores of the nursing students who stated that they were stressed in the presence of the instructor were significantly higher than the others (p=0.000). No significant correlation was found between students' state anxiety and trait anxiety levels and skill scores (p>0.05). In the study, it was determined that state anxiety did not cause negativity in the performance of the skill. It is recommended to organize trainings on stress coping strategies to reduce the negative effects of anxiety
K vitamini uygulaması sırasında emzirme ve yuvalamanın yenidoğanın ağrı ve konfor düzeyine etkisinin incelenmesi
No full textBu araştırma, yenidoğanlara uygulanan K vitamini enjeksiyonu sırasında emzirme ve yuvalama yöntemlerinin ağrı ve konfor düzeyine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla randomize kontrollü olarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma, Kasım– Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında İstanbul'da Sağlık Bakanlığı'na bağlı bir kadın doğum ve çocuk hastalıkları hastanesinde doğan ve çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini sağlayan 100 bebek (50 emzirme, 50 yuvalama grubu) ile yapıldı. Veriler, Yenidoğan Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Yenidoğan Ağrı Değerlendirme Skalası (NIPS), Yenidoğan Konfor Davranış Ölçeği (YKDÖ) ve kronometre kullanılarak toplandı. Emzirme ve yuvalama gruplarına, K vitamini uygulamadan 5 dakika önce, işlem sırasında, işlemden 2 dakika sonra ağrı skalası ve konfor ölçeği ile yenidoğanın ağrı ve konfor düzeyleri belirlendi. Emzirme grubundaki bebek K vitamini uygulamasından 5 dakika öncesinde anne kucaklama yöntemi ile yenidoğanı emzirmeye başladı, emzirmeye devam ederken bebeğe intramüsküler 1 mg K vitamini uygulaması yapıldı. Yuvalama grubunda ise bebek yuvalama içinde supine pozisyonunda 5 dakika yatırıldıktan sonra intramüsküler 1 mg K vitamini uygulaması yapıldı. K vitamini uygulaması araştırmacı tarafından, ölçeklerin değerlendirilmesi ise başka bir yenidoğan hemşire tarafından uygulandı. SPSS 26.0 programıyla yapılan analizler sonucunda, grupların NIPS ve Yenidoğan Konfor Davranış Ölçeği toplam puanları ile tekrarlı ölçümleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<.05). Emzirme grubundaki yenidoğanların hem NIPS puanları hem de YKDÖ puanları, yuvalama grubundaki yenidoğanlara kıyasla tüm ölçümlerde daha düşük bulunmuştur. Grupların ağlama süre ortalamalarına bakıldığında, emzirilen bebeklerin ağlama sürelerinin daha kısa olduğu, ancak istatistiksel olarak fark olmadığı belirlendi. K vitamini enjeksiyonu sırasında ağrı yönetim yöntemlerinin yenidoğanlarda ağrıyı azaltmada ve konforu artırmada etkili olduğunu, ancak emzirmenin daha üstün bir yöntem olarak öne çıktığını göstermektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Ağrı; Emzirme; Konfor; Yenidoğan; YuvalamaThis randomised controlled trial was conducted to determine the effects of breastfeeding and nesting methods on pain and comfort level during vitamin K injection in newborns. The study was conducted with 100 infants (50 breastfeeding, 50 nesting group) who were born in an obstetrics and gynaecology hospital affiliated to the Ministry of Health in Istanbul between November and December 2024 and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Neonatal Descriptive Information Form, Neonatal Pain Rating Scale (NIPS), Neonatal Comfort Behaviour Scale (NCCS) and a stopwatch. The pain and comfort levels of the newborns in the breastfeeding and nesting groups were determined 5 minutes before vitamin K administration, during the procedure, and 2 minutes after the procedure using the pain scale and comfort scale. In the breastfeeding group, the mother started to breastfeed the newborn with the hugging method 5 minutes before vitamin K administration, and 1 mg vitamin K was administered intramuscularly to the newborn while breastfeeding continued. In the nesting group, intramuscular administration of 1 mg vitamin K was performed after the baby was placed in the supine position in the nesting position for 5 minutes. Vitamin K administration was performed by the investigator and the evaluation of the scales was performed by another neonatal nurse. As a result of the analyses performed with the SPSS 26.0 program, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the total scores of NIPS and Neonatal Comfort Behaviour Scale and repeated measurements of the groups(p<.05). Both NIPS scores and NCCS scores of newborns in the breastfeeding group were found to be lower in all measurements compared to newborns in the nesting group. When the mean crying duration of the groups were analysed, it was determined that the crying duration of breastfed infants was shorter, but there was no statistically significant difference. This study shows that pain management methods during vitamin K injection are effective in reducing pain and increasing comfort in newborns, but breastfeeding stands out as a superior method. Keywords: Breastfeeding; Comfort; Nesting; Newborn; Pai
Calcium Sulfate Bone Substitutes in Clinical Use: History, Material Properties, Application, and Outlook for the Future
No full textAbstract
Calcium sulfate-based materials have been used in medicine since the 19th century. Their application makes a significant part in the field of bone regeneration in biomedical engineering. Calcium sulfate is a versatile product that is used not only in the reconstruction of bone defects but also as an antibiotic carrier. Various types of calcium sulfate-based bone grafts have demonstrated their safety, well-tolerance, biodegradability, and osteoconductive properties, making them a potential substitute for autogenous bone transplant in the treatment of bone defects. Calcium sulfate and different-sized calcium sulfate beads can be produced and loaded with different antimicrobial substances. High concentrations of antimicrobial agents can be obtained by applying these locally to affected tissue. This review aims to (1) highlight the development and milestones already achieved in the use of calcium sulfate products and (2) outline the material properties and application areas with their related advantages and disadvantages of calcium sulfate products. Lastly, (3) an outlook for the future of calcium sulfate-based biomaterials is given
The impact of malnutrition in the radiotherapy pathway in geriatric patients in the onco-surgical settings on behalf of the Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology Study Group (TROD 12-04)
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Aim: This study explores the impact of age, malnutrition severity, and malnutrition risk on cancer treatment
outcomes and their incidence based on cancer localization and stage, in geriatric and adult patients in Turkey.
The study emphasizes the role of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in improving nutritional status and treatment response in both age groups.
Materials and methods: This prospective observational cohort study involved 163 patients with solid tumors
receiving radiotherapy (RT) or RT combined with chemotherapy. Malnutrition risk was assessed using the
Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) tool, and malnutrition severity was determined via body mass index (BMI). The
significance of age, malnutrition severity, and risk on treatment outcomes and performance status were evaluated by the physician and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status. Anthropometric measurements recorded before and after treatment were compared to evaluate ONS benefits across age and cancer
groups.
Results: Of the patients, 50.9 % were aged ≥70 years. A majority had stage III cancer (57.4 %) and lung cancer
(38.7 %). Weight and BMI scores significantly decreased from pre-to post-treatment (P < 0.001). Malnutrition
risk was higher in stage III cancer (P = 0.039), and geriatric patients had higher baseline NRS scores than adults
(P = 0.049). Pre-treatment weight loss and malnutrition risk negatively affected RT response (P < 0.007). Posttreatment malnutrition risk prevalence increased significantly in head and neck cancer patients (P = 0.016).
Conclusions: Nutritional therapy is crucial alongside cancer treatment, as pre-treatment weight loss and NRS≥3
negatively affect RT response. Maintaining a healthy nutritional status correlates with better outcomes, necessitating further research to optimize interventions stabilizing weight and BMI during RT
Surface gloss and micro-CT analysis of additively and subtractively manufactured resin composites and zirconia after simulated tooth brushing with different bristle types and toothpaste formulations: An in vitro study
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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of simulated tooth brushing with different bristle types and two toothpaste formulations on the surface gloss and structural
integrity of additively (AM) and subtractively (SM) manufactured resin composites and
zirconia.
Materials and Methods: A total of 160 specimens were prepared from four material
groups: AM resin composite (AM-RC), AM zirconia (AM-Z), SM resin composite (SM-RC), and SM zirconia (SM-Z). Each specimen was assigned to one of
four subgroups based on toothbrush bristle type and toothpaste formulation. Following polishing, the initial surface gloss was measured using a glossmeter. Specimens
then underwent simulated tooth brushing (10,000 cycles) using a brushing simulator
equipped with two toothbrush types and two toothpaste formulations. Surface gloss was
re-evaluated post-brushing, and structural changes were analyzed using synchrotron
radiation μ-CT at a voxel size of 0.65 µm. Data were statistically analyzed using
analysis of variance (ANOVA) with α = 0.05.
Results: Three-way ANOVA revealed a significant impact of all tested factors on
surface gloss (p < 0.05). Before polishing, AM-Z and AM-RC exhibited higher gloss
than SM-Z and SM-RC (p < 0.05). After polishing, AM-Z showed the greatest gloss
enhancement. One-way ANOVA indicated that toothbrush bristle shape and toothpaste
composition significantly influenced gloss reduction (p < 0.05), with round-end
bristles and whitening toothpaste causing the highest gloss loss. Among materials,
AM-Z exhibited the least gloss reduction (10.29 GU).
Conclusions: Surface gloss retention is influenced by material type, toothbrush bristle
shape, and toothpaste formulation. AM materials demonstrated superior resistance to
gloss loss, while whitening toothpaste contributed to greater gloss reduction
Fabrication of nickel oxide/copper cobaltite/graphene quantum dot conductive ink as an electrode material for selective electrochemical detection of epinephrine
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Wearable sensors and flexible electrodes are key components of point-of-care systems, facilitating enhanced
accessibility and personalization in health monitoring. These technologies permit individuals to oversee their
health status and enable healthcare professionals to remotely and in real time monitor patients’ health status
more effectively. In this study, paper-based flexible screen-printed electrodes were constructed for the electro
chemical determination of epinephrine (EP), which is crucial in the diagnosis of various diseases, with high
selectivity and low detection limits. In a novel approach, nickel oxide (NiO), graphene quantum dots (GQD), and
copper cobaltite (CuCo2O4) were employed in conjunctions for the first time in the development of conductive
ink. The large surface area and high electrical conductivity of GQD, when combined with the electrocatalytic
properties of NiO and CuCo2O4, resulted in the creation of a more efficient electroactive environment for
electrochemical EP determination. The differential pulse voltammetry technique enabled the attainment of a
limit of detection (LOD) of 11.66 nM within the 500–10 µM and 2–0.02 µM linear ranges. The reduction peak
current of EP was examined throughout the analysis to eliminate the effects of possible interference species that
may be present in real samples. Furthermore, the stable structures of GQDs and copper cobaltite enhanced the
long-term performance of the sensors, and the combination of these materials increased the reproducibility and
reliability of the sensors. Subsequently, the efficacy of the sensor was evaluated using real samples, specifically
artificial sweat, and urine. The developed NiO/CuCo2O4/GQD/G/SPE sensor demonstrated satisfactory recovery
values, with 94.5–110.5 %
Piecewise second kind Chebyshev functions fora class of piecewise fractional nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations with variable coefficients
No full textAbstract
In this paper, a new type of piecewise fractional derivative (PFD) is introduced. The ordinary and distributed- order fractional derivatives in the Caputo sense are used to define this type of PFD. Anew version of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations with variable coefficients is defined using this type of PFD. The orthonormal piecewise second kind Chebyshev functions (CFs), as anew family of basic functions, are generated. An explicit formula is extracted for PFD of these piecewise functions. A hybrid method based on the orthonormal piecewise second kind CFs and orthonormal second kind Chebyshev polynomials is proposed to solve the aforementioned problem. The established approach transforms solving the expressed problem into solving an algebraic system of equations. To illustrate the accuracy of the developed method, some numerical examples are considered
Evaluation of the fabrication trueness and internal fit of additively manufactured two-piece zirconia abutments with different build orientations compared to subtractively manufactured abutments
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of build orientation on the fabrication trueness and fit of additively manufac
tured 2-piece zirconia abutments when compared with those manufactured subtractively in 3 mol% and 4 mol%
yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP).
Methods: A titanium-base (Ti-base) abutment was digitized with a scan body and an industrial scanner to design a
2-piece zirconia abutment with a 50 µm cement gap. This design was used to manufacture zirconia abutments
additively in different orientations (0-degree, AM-0; 15-degree, AM-15; 30-degree, AM-30; 45-degree, AM-45;
180-degree, AM-180) and subtractively from 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP (SM-3 and SM-4) (n=5). An intraoral scan
ner was used to digitize all abutments, when they were seated on the Ti-base, and only the Ti-base. Abutments’
trueness (overall, external, intaglio, and marginal) was analyzed with the root mean square (RMS) method, and
their fit was assessed with the triple-scan protocol. Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and
Tamhane’s T2 tests (α = 0.05).
Results: SM-3 abutments had the lowest overall and external RMS (P ≤ 0.023). SM-3 and SM-4 abutments mostly
had lower intaglio and AM-0 abutments mostly had lower gingival RMS (P ≤ 0.013). Except for AM-0 and SM-3
(P ≥ 0.930), SM-4 abutments had the lowest average gaps (P ≤ 0.041).
Conclusions: SM-3 abutments mostly had higher fabrication trueness, while AM-0 abutments had trueness similar
to or higher than the other additively manufactured abutments. AM-0, SM-3, and SM-4 abutments had similar fit
with average gaps lower than 50 µm