Biruni University Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
2908 research outputs found
Sort by
Effectiveness of the behavior contract presented in a digital environment to children with ASD
No full textOtizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB), günümüzde en güncel tanı kriterlerine göre, erken gelişim döneminde başlayan sosyal etkileşim ve iletişim sınırlılıkları ile tekrarlayıcı davranışları içeren karmaşık bir nörogelişimsel bozukluk olarak tanımlanmaktadır. OSB'li bireylerde sosyal becerilerin gelişimini ve öğretim sürecini olumsuz etkileyen problem davranışlar sergileme riski bulunmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı problem davranış sergileyen Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) tanısı almış çocuklara yönelik dijital ortamda hazırlanan davranış sözleşmesine uyma becerisini kazandırmaktır. Bu araştırma kapsamında dijital ortamda sunulan davranış sözleşmesine uyma becerisi, ders süresince ayağa kalkma problem davranışı sergileyen çocukların belirlenen sürede uygun şekilde oturarak derse katılmasına yönelik oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma, 2024 yılında İstanbul ilinde OSB tanısı almış, yaş aralığı 7-8 olan 2 erkek ve 8 yaşında 1 kız çocuk ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada tek denekli araştırma modellerinden katılımcılar arası yoklama evreli çoklu yoklama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda OSB'li çocukların problem davranışına yönelik hazırlanan dijital ortamda sunulan davranış sözleşmesine uyma becerisini kazandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma süreci tamamlandıktan sonra yapılan izleme oturumlarında, katılımcıların ikinci, dördüncü ve altıncı haftalarda kazandıkları bu davranış sözleşmesine uyma becerilerini sürdürebildikleri ve farklı kişiler tarafından sunulduğunda da genellenebildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, uygulama sonrasında araştırmanın sosyal geçerlik verilerini elde etmek amacıyla yapılan ebeveyn ve öğretmen görüşleri uygulamanın etkili olduğu yönündedir.According to the most current diagnostic criteria, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that includes social interaction and communication limitations and repetitive behaviors that begin during early development. Individuals with ASD are at risk of exhibiting problem behaviors that negatively affect the development of social skills and the teaching process. This study aimed to provide children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who exhibit problem behaviors with the ability to comply with behavior contracts prepared in a digital environment. Within the scope of this study, the ability to comply with the behavior contract presented in the digital environment was created for children who exhibited the problem of standing up during the lesson to participate in the lesson by sitting appropriately within the specified time, conducted with 2 boys aged 7-8 years and one girl aged 8 years who were diagnosed with ASD in Istanbul in 2024. In the study, a multiple probe model with a probe phase between participants, one of the single-subject research models, was used. As a result of the research, it was determined that children with ASD gained the ability to comply with the behavior contract presented in the digital environment prepared for problem behavior. In the follow-up sessions conducted after the completion of the research process, it was observed that the participants were able to maintain their ability to comply with this behavior contract in the second, fourth, and sixth weeks, and that it could be generalized when presented by different people. In addition, parents' and teachers' opinions, which were collected after the implementation to obtain social validity data, indicated that the implementation was effective
Results of Interventions to Increase Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textAim The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various interventions-including educational programmes, counselling, mobile applications, peer support and home visits-on improving breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding success and infant-feeding attitudes in pregnant and postpartum women. Method The literature review for this systematic review was conducted between September and October 2024 by searching four electronic databases. Studies related to 'in vivo' were identified using MeSH-based keywords. Only Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published within the last decade were eligible for inclusion in the review. Result The analysis was conducted with 3677 women and a total of 26 studies. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in breastfeeding self-efficacy before the intervention (MD: -0.53, 95% CI: -1.43 to 0.38, p = 0.25), while a significant increase was observed after the intervention (MD: 53.53, 95% CI: 29.34 to 77.72, p < 0.0001). Breastfeeding success also improved significantly postintervention (MD: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.92, p = 0.0007). No significant change was found in infant-feeding attitudes (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.16, p = 0.47). Postnatal interventions were significantly more effective than antenatal ones in increasing breastfeeding self-efficacy (MD: 53.53, 95% CI: 29.34 to 77.72, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Subgroup analyses demonstrated that interventions significantly increased breastfeeding self-efficacy and success, particularly when delivered in the postnatal period. Antenatal interventions were not found to be effective. These findings highlight the importance of the timing of maternal support, suggesting that postnatal interventions are more beneficial in improving breastfeeding-related outcomes
Comparison of the results of corti̇cotomy application in the mesialization of mandibular molars with different mechanics using finite element analysis
No full textÇalışmamızın amacı, mandibular ikinci molar (M2M) mezial hareketi için ideal yaklaşımı belirlemektir. 6 ayrı senaryo alt başlığında mandibular 1. Molar (M1M) dişi erken dönemde kaybetmiş hastalarda kortikotomili veya kortikotomisiz 2 mezializasyon tekniğini (mini-vida senaryoları, hook senaryoları) değerlendirerek stres dağılımını ve yer değiştirme miktarlarını karşılaştırmak için sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılmıştır. M2M mezializasyonu simüle etmek için 6 model tasarlanmıştır. İlk 3 modelde (hook modelleri), kuvvet M2M kancasına aktif tie-back ile bağlanmıştır. Son 3 modelde (mini vida modelleri), kuvvet köpek dişi ve küçük azı dişleri arasına yerleştirilen mini vidadan molar dişin direnç merkezinden geçen kapalı yaylar ile M2M'den uzanan kuvvet kollarına uygulanmıştır. Aktif tie-back ve kuvvet kolu mekanizması kesi olmayan (modeller I-IV), mezial kesi olan (modeller II-V) ve çevresel kesi olan (modeller III ve VI) senaryolar karşılaştırılmıştır. Hem azalan (200, 100 ve 50 g) hem de sürekli (200 g) kuvvetler 3 saniye/adım boyunca uygulanmıştır. Doğrusal olmayan analizde, toplam yer değiştirme, yönlere göre yer değiştirme (x, y ve z eksenleri boyunca) ve von Mises stres değerleri ölçülmüştür. Mini vida modelleri, 3 eksen boyunca daha fazla M2M yer değiştirmesi sergilemiştir. Ayrıca bu modeller daha fazla lingual rotasyon ve mezial tarafta daha belirgin ekstrüzyon göstermiştir. Hook modelleri, mini vida modellerine kıyasla yaklaşık 7 kat daha az genel ekstrüzyon ve yarı miktarda lingual rotasyonla mezial devrilme sergilemiştir. Piezoinsizyon her iki modelde de diş yer değiştirmelerini hızlandıramamıştır. Mini vida modelleri azı dişi ve alveol soket üzerinde biraz daha fazla stres oluşturmuştur. Mini vida modellerinde, mezial ve çevresel kesiler mini vida stresini neredeyse yarı yarıya azaltmıştır.The aim of our study is to determine the ideal approach for the mesial movement of the mandibular second molar (M2M). Finite element method was used to compare the stress distribution and displacement amounts by evaluating 2 mesialization techniques (mini-screw scenarios, hook scenarios) with or without corticotomy in patients who lost their mandibular first molar (M1M) teeth at an early stage under 6 different scenario subheadings. Methods: Six models were designed to simulate M2M mesialization. In the first 3 models (hook models), the force was applied using posted arches with tie-backs to the M2M hook. In the final 3 models (TSAD models), a force was applied using a TSAD placed between the canine and premolar teeth, employing power arms extending from the M2M with closed-coil springs targeting the molar's center of resistance. The tie-back and power arm mechanism was tested and compared alone (models I-IV), with mesial incision (models II-V) and circumferential incision (models III-VI). Both decreasing (200, 100, and 50 g) and continuous (200 g) forces were used along 3 s/steps. In the nonlinear analysis, the total and directional displacement (along the x-, y-, and z-axes) and von Mises stress values were measured. Results: TSAD models exhibited greater tooth displacement across all 3 axes with crown and roots translated mesially while showing minimal distal tipping. In addition, these models demonstrated greater lingual rotation and more pronounced extrusion on the mesial side. In contrast, hook models primarily exhibited mesial tilting rather than uniform mesial translation, with approxi mately 7-fold less overall extrusion and half the amount of lingual rotation compared with TSAD models. Piezocision failed to accelerate tooth displacements in both models. TSAD models generated slightly higher stress on the molar tooth and alveolar socket. In TSAD models, mesial and circumferential incisions reduced miniscrew stress by nearly half
Traditional methods used by infertile couples
No full textBu araştırma, infertilite tedavisi gören bireylerin geleneksel yöntem kullanımlarını ve geleneksel tamamlayıcı tıbba karşı tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı şekilde yapıldı. Araştırma, İstanbul'da bir özel hastanenin tüp bebek merkezinde, Şubat 2023- Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmaya 233 infertil kadın ve 108 erkek olmak üzere toplam 341 birey alındı. Araştırmanın verileri, tanıtıcı bilgi formu ve Geleneksel Tamamlayıcı Tıp Tutum Ölçeği ile toplandı. İnfertil hastaların gebelik için geleneksel bir yöntem kullanma oranın %56.9 olduğu görüldü. Geleneksel yöntemleri kullanan bireylerin oranının %63.9'u bu yöntemleri kullanırken doktora bildirmedikleri belirlendi. En yaygın kullanılan geleneksel yöntemler arasında manevi dualar (%51.5), soğan kürü (%17.0), fitoterapi (%16.0), hacamat (%16.5) ve incir kürü (%16.0) yer aldığı görüldü. Ayrıca, bal (%14.9), keçiboynuzu pekmezi (%12.4), avokado (%11.3) gibi doğal besin ürünlerinin de sıklıkla kullanıldığı saptandı. Gebelik için geleneksel bir yöntem kullananlar, kullanmayanlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek GTT tutum puanlarına sahip olduğu belirlendi. Ortaokul mezunu olan katılımcıların ölçek toplam puanları, üniversite ve lisansüstü mezunlarına kıyasla daha fazlaydı. Ayrıca geniş aileye sahip olan ve akraba evliliği olan katılımcıların ölçek toplam puanları daha fazlaydı. Geliri giderinden az olan katılımcıların ölçek toplam puanları da benzer şekilde geliri giderine eşit ya da geliri giderinden fazla olanlara kıyasla daha yüksekti. Sonuç olarak, katılımcıların yaklaşık olarak yarıdan fazlasının geleneksel yöntem kullandıkları ve bu yöntemleri kullanan katılımcıların Geleneksel Tamamlayıcı Tıp Tutum Ölçeği toplam puanlarının da daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Geleneksel Tamamlayıcı Tıp Tutum Ölçeği toplam puanını eğitim, aile yapısı, gelir durumu ve akraba evliliği etkileyen faktörlerdendi.This study was conducted in a descriptive and correlational manner to determine the traditional method use of individuals receiving infertility treatment and their attitudes towards traditional complementary medicine. The study was conducted in the in vitro fertilization center of a private hospital in Istanbul between February 2023 and June 2023. A total of 341 individuals, 233 infertile women and 108 men, were included in the study. The data of the study were collected with an introductory information form and the Traditional Complementary Medicine Attitude Scale. It was observed that the rate of infertile patients using a traditional method for pregnancy was 56.9%. It was determined that 63.9% of individuals using traditional methods did not report these methods to their doctors. The most commonly used traditional methods were spiritual prayers (51.5%), onion cure (17.0%), phytotherapy (16.0%), cupping (16.5%) and fig cure (16.0%). In addition, it was determined that natural food products such as honey (14.9%), carob molasses (12.4%) and avocado (11.3%) were frequently used. Those who used a traditional method for pregnancy had significantly higher GTT attitude scores than those who did not use it. The total scale scores of the participants who were secondary school graduates were higher compared to university and postgraduate graduates. In addition, participants with extended families and consanguineous marriages had higher scale total scores. Participants whose income was less than their expenses had higher scale total scores compared to those whose income was equal to their expenses or more than their expenses. As a result, it was determined that approximately more than half of the participants used traditional methods and that participants who used these methods had higher Traditional Complementary Medicine Attitude Scale total scores. Education, family structure, income status and consanguineous marriage were the factors affecting the Traditional Complementary Medicine Attitude Scale total score
Assessment of self-care capacity, self-management, and disease adherence in patients with psychosis and chronic illnesses
No full textPsikoz tanısı alan bireyler, bilişsel ve duygusal zorluklar nedeniyle kronik hastalıklarının yönetiminde sorun yaşayabilirler. Bu nedenle hastalarının kronik hastalıklarına yönelik öz bakım gücü, öz yönetim ve hastalık uyumunun değerlendirilmesi, bireylerin sağlıklarını sürdürebilme kapasitelerini anlamak açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma, psikotik bozukluk tanısı alan hastalarının kronik hastalık yönetim düzeylerini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı nitelikte bu çalışma bir bölge psikiyatri hastanesi kadın servisinde yatarak tedavi alan ve psikoz tanısı dışında en az bir kronik hastalığı olan son 1 yıldır takipli toplam 70 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Verilerin toplanmasında Hasta Bilgi Formu, Pozitif ve Negatif Semptom Ölçeği, Öz Bakım Gücü Ölçeği, Kronik Hastalık Öz Yönetim Ölçeği kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadın hastaların %64,3'ünün 40 yaş üstü olduğu, evli, ev hanımı, eğitim düzeylerinin ortaöğretim ve üstü olduğu saptandı. Alkol kullanmadıkları ancak %58,6'sının sigara kullandıkları, %65,7'sinin organik olmayan psikoz tanısıyla tedavi gördüğü, 6 yıldan daha fazla kronik hastalıklarının olduğu ve %31,4'ünde diyabetes mellitüs, %45,7'sinde ise tiroid ve %17,2'sini hipertansiyon olduğu saptandı. Pozitif ve negatif semptom madde toplam puanları ile Öz Bakım Gücü ölçeği arasında negatif bir ilişki saptandı (r = - 0,61, p<0,01). Ayrıca Kronik Hastalık Öz Yönetim Ölçeği alt boyutları olan kendini damgalama damgalamayla baş etme, tedaviye uyumu ve sağlık bakım etkinliğiyle madde puan ortalamaları ile Öz bakım Gücü Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması arasında ise güçlü pozitif ilişki bulundu (p<0,01). Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, yüksek psikotik belirtilerin hastaların öz bakım becerilerini olumsuz etkilediğini ve damgalanmanın tedaviye uyumu azalttığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, hastaların öz bakım becerilerini arttıracak girişimlerin planlanması önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, hemşirelik müdahalelerinin ve psikososyal destek programlarının, hasta ve ailelere yönelik psikoeğitim programların yaygınlaştırılması, damgalamaya karşı farkındalık eğitimlerinin artırılması, hastalara yönelik bireyselleştirilmiş tedavi planlarının düzenlenmesi önerilebilir.Individuals diagnosed with psychosis may experience difficulties in managing their chronic diseases due to cognitive and emotional challenges. Therefore, evaluating the self-care agency, self-management, and adaptation to illness of these patients is crucial for understanding their capacity to maintain their health. This study aimed to assess the level of chronic disease management among patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with a total of 70 female inpatients in the women's ward of a regional psychiatric hospital. All participants had been followed up for at least one year and had at least one chronic disease in addition to a psychosis diagnosis. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Self-Care Agency Scale, and Chronic Disease Self-Management Scale. Results: Among the participants, 64.3% were over 40 years old, married, housewives, and had a secondary education level or higher. None reported alcohol use, but 58.6% were smokers. Additionally, 65.7% were diagnosed with non-organic psychosis, had chronic diseases for more than six years, and had comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (31.4%), thyroid disorders (45.7%), and hypertension (17.2%). A negative correlation was found between total scores on the PANSS and the Self-Care Agency Scale (r = -0.61, p < 0.01). Furthermore, strong positive correlations were observed between the total score of the Self-Care Agency Scale and subdimensions of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Scale, including self-stigma, coping with stigma, treatment adherence, and healthcare efficacy (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings indicate that severe psychotic symptoms negatively impact patients' self-care abilities and that stigma reduces treatment adherence. In this context, expanding nursing interventions, psychosocial support programs, psychoeducation programs for patients and families, increasing awareness training against stigma, and developing individualized treatment plans for patients are recommended
A piecewise logarithmic Jacobi cardinal scheme for nonlinear third-kind fractional integro-differential equations
No full textThis paper provides a numerical strategy for solving nonlinear third-kind fractional integrodifferential equations (FIDEs) involving the Caputo-Hadamard derivative. To effectively address the challenges posed by non-local logarithmic kernels, we introduce a novel class of basis functions known as the piecewise logarithmic Jacobi cardinal functions (JCFs). Two corresponding operational matrices, associated with the logarithmic and Hadamard fractional integrals, are developed to transform the original FIDE into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Using fixed-point theory, it is verified that a unique solution exists. Moreover, comprehensive error analysis confirms the spectral accuracy and exponential convergence of the proposed method, especially when Chebyshev-type parameters are employed. Numerical experiments support the theoretical findings and reveal substantial accuracy gains with increasing polynomial order
Evaluation of the effect of reverse curved spee Ni-Ti wires with different depths in MBT and Roth brackets on mandibular teeth during leveling and alignment using finite element analysis
No full textAbstract
Objective The aim of our study is to analyze the forces generated by reverse curve archwires with three different
depths and two different dimensions for Roth-type brackets and MBT-type brackets through finite element analysis
(FEA) to assess their effects.
Materials and methods This study involves modeling wires of different dimensions and depths (20 mm, 25 mm and
30 mm) for Roth-type brackets with 0.018’’slot size and MBT-type brackets with 0.022’’slot size. 12 linear static analyses
were conducted under specific loading and boundary conditions to evaluate tooth movements along the X, Y, and Z
axes, total displacement, and von Mises stresses on the periodontal ligament (PDL).
Results 0.022 slot MBT bracket with reverse curve of spee wire 0.019×0.025’’and 0.021×0.025’’ dimensions and
30 mm depth, 0.018 slot Roth bracket with 0.017×0.025’’ and 0.016×0.022’’ wire and 30 mm depth applied the most
aggressive forces, leading to high displacement and PDL stress. In contrast, 0.022 slot MBT bracket with reverse curve
of spee wire 0.019×0.025’’ dimensions and 20 mm depth, 0.018 slot Roth bracket with reverse curve of spee wire
0.017×0.025’’, 0.016×0.022’’and 25 mm depth, 0.017×0.025’’, 0.016×0.022’’and 20 mm depth demonstrated more
conservative force applications.
Conclusion This comparative analysis of 12 different models demonstrates that varying orthodontic forces have a
significant impact on both tooth movement and PDL stress. These findings highlight the significance of selecting
the appropriate model based on the patient’s periodontal health to ensure orthodontic treatments are performed
effectively and safe
Effect of Acanthamoeba Spp. Cell-Free Supernatants on Some Bacterial Pathogens
Get PDFABSTRACT
The fact that free‐living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba can live in many different environments causes these protozoa to
have different interactions with other microorganisms. Investigation of Acanthamoeba–pathogenic bacteria interaction is
important for the discovery of new antibacterial agents that can be used against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, it was aimed
to investigate the antibacterial effect of cell‐free supernatants obtained from Acanthamoeba against some pathogenic bacteria.
One standard strain (Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 50373) and one environmental strain (B1) of the genus Acanthamoeba
were used in the study. Cell‐free supernatants were obtained by centrifuging the axenic cultures (3000 rpm, 5 min) and passing
through a sterile filter with a pore diameter of 0.22 µm. The antibacterial effect of cell‐free supernatants against five different
pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhi, and Salmonella
enterica) was investigated by colony counting method. As a result of the study, it was determined that the standard Acanthamoeba cell‐free supernatant showed the highest antibacterial effect against E. faecalis (75.79%), while B1 cell‐free supernatant showed the highest antibacterial effect against K. pneumoniae (8.5%). The content of the tested Acanthamoeba cell‐free
supernatants was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in our previous study and was also found to contain
major compounds with antibacterial properties. Therefore, it is thought that the metabolites produced by Acanthamoeba can be
used as an alternative to existing antimicrobial drugs in the fight against infections caused by some important pathogenic
bacteria
Analysis of corrosion, surface roughness, and ıon release of orthodontic brackets in simulated gastric acid and saliva
Get PDFAbstract
This study aims to assess the ion release (Ni, Cr) and surface roughness of metal (M), self-ligating (SL), and ceramic (C) orthodontic brackets after exposure to simulated gastric acid (pH 1.5, pH 3.0) and artificial saliva (pH 7.0). A total of 198 brackets, metal brackets (M) (n = 66) self-ligating (SL) (n = 66), and ceramic brackets (C) (n = 66) were used in this study. Gastric solutions mimicking human gastroesophageal reflux with a pH of 1, 5 or 3 and as a control group pH of 7 (artificial saliva) were used. All specimens were immersed in test solutions for 30 min, 24 h, and 1 month (n = 22 per group). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measured ion release, while an optical profilometer assessed surface roughness. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and t-tests (p < 0.05). Ni and Cr ion release peaked at 24 h and decreased by 1 month (p < 0.05). SL brackets released the most ions, particularly in acidic conditions (p < 0.05). Surface roughness was highest at 24 h, then decreased (p < 0.001), with M brackets showing the greatest roughness and C brackets the lowest (p < 0.001). M and SL brackets had the highest roughness at pH 1.5, while C brackets peaked at pH 3.0 (p < 0.001). Acidic conditions significantly impact ion release and surface roughness. Ceramic brackets may be advantageous for patients with reflux disease, offering reduced corrosion and surface alterations
Additively manufactured resin-based endocrowns: Effect of material type, margin configuration, and pulp chamber depth on fabrication trueness and fit
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effects of margin configuration and pulp chamber depth on the fabrication trueness and
internal fit of resin-based endocrowns fabricated with additive (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM).
Methods: Four mandibular first molar typodonts prepared with butt joint or 1 mm-wide shoulder margins and 2
mm or 4 mm pulp chamber depths were digitized to design reference endocrowns. These designs were used to
fabricate endocrowns with AM (Crowntec [AM-CT], FREEPRINT Crown [AM-FP], Tera Harz TC80DP [AM-GR])
or SM (Tetric CAD [SM-TC]) (n = 7). Surface deviations (external, intaglio, and marginal root mean square, RMS)
and triple scan protocol (average gap) were used for digital analyses. Data were analyzed with generalized linear
models (α = 0.05).
Results: Intaglio RMS was affected by the interaction of all main factors, while all surface deviations were affected
by material type-margin configuration interaction. Material type-pulp chamber depth interaction affected intaglio RMS and average gaps, whereas margin configuration-pulp chamber depth interaction affected all outcomes, except intaglio RMS (P ≤ 0.001). AM-GR mostly led to lower intaglio and marginal RMS, while SM-TC
mostly led to lower external RMS (P ≤ 0.022). SM-TC endocrowns with 4-mm depth had the highest and AM-GR
endocrowns with 4-mm depth mostly had lower average gaps (P ≤ 0.024).
Conclusions: The interactions among the main factors affected the trueness of the tested endocrowns. However,
no clear trend emerged that would highlight any subgroup as having the highest trueness. Most endocrowns
demonstrated clinically acceptable internal gaps.
Clinical significance: Tested additively manufactured resin-based endocrowns had favorable internal adaptation.
However, they may require more chairside adjustments on external surfaces compared to tested subtractively
manufactured endocrowns