Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter
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Genetic Characterization and Estimation Variety Eight of Papaya Genotype
No full textCharacterization and prediction of genetic diversity is one of the stages on the papaya plant breeding activities in obtaining the parent plant in accordance with a predetermined idiotipe. Karaktersasi doneafter exploration and germplasm collection is done. Currently the plant breeding laboratory studiesprogram Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture has some papaya genotypes were successfully collected is from the cross, a collection of some areas, collection of research centers Tropical Fruits IPB Bogor and Fruit Research Institute Solok. The general objective is to get a papaya plant breeding better varieties from existing varieties (new idiotipe). Papaya plant characteristics desired by idiotype is a strong plant, short stature and quick to bear fruit, tree hermaphrodite, not the formation of stamens karpeloid (imperfect) or sterile, resistant to pests and diseases and high production. Characteristics of preferred fruit is sweet, flavorful soft, smooth fruit skin, thick flesh is red, round cavity and its shelf-life longer. The study was conducted in Gardens Farmers in Saree Aceh Besar, using eight genotypes of papaya exploration results. Experiments using a completely randomized design were repeated three times. The parameters observed qualitative and quantitative characters on vegetative and generative phase. The results showed that genotype Calina have short stature and fast fruiting as well as high production potential. Merah delima genotype showed a slow germination and growth. From the eigth genotipe papaya tested showed high genetic diversity and high heritability. Therefore, the selection can be done in early generation
Microstructure and Optimization of Sweet Potato-Rice Simulated Chips
No full textOptimization of formula, baking and frying condition, and microstructure of sweet potato - rice simulated chips were studied using a completely randomized factorial design based on its physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics. The formulas were enriched with a mixture of skim milk, carrots, celery and temurui leaf powders to enhance its functional properties. Parameters to measure chips quality include color, texture, moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate, and hedonic ratings of sensory analysis. The result showed that fried simulated chips tend to be more preferable compared to the baked simulated chips. Fried simulated chips were generally slightly darker than the baked chips. Both fried and baked simulated chips colors were dark yellow. The high temperature frying produced finer microstructure and massive gelatinization of the fried chips. The optimum formula and cooking process of simulated chip was obtained from sweet potato-rice simulated chips with ratio of 60:40 fried at 160C for 1minute; and the sweet potato: rice with ratio of 80:20, baked at 180C for 8 minutes. Best fried simulated chip color was dark yellow, with its brightness values(L) 46.770.00, yellowness value(a) +4.830.01, redness value(b) +34.400.06, hardness 827.7743.78gf, moisture content 2.95 0.28%(db), ash content 1.950.08%(db), protein content 3.070.13%(db), fat content 28.010.40%(db), and carbohydrate content 64.020.07%(db). Panelists tended to prefer the fried simulated chips with an overall score of 5.371.24c. While the best baked simulated chips color was dark yellow, with brightness values(L) 69.310.01, yellowness(a) +1.040.00, redness(b) +29.960.02, hardness 382.9743.66gf, moisture content 2.370.76%(db), ash content 3.070.11%(db), protein content 4.090.00%(db), fat content 1.670.25%(db) and carbohydrate 88.801.12%(db). Baked simulated chips tended to be neutrally acceptable with an overall rating of 4.341.35ab
FAECAL GLUCOCORTICOID MEASUREMENT AS INDICATOR STRESS IN WILD CRESTED MACAQUES (MACACA NIGRA): THE IMPORTANCE OF VALIDATION AND SAMPLE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
No full textMonitoring of physiological stress in wild and/or endangered animals living in their natural habitat can be generated via measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCMs) through enzyme immunoassay technique. However, a careful validation of each enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and methodological issues such as samples preservation, and extraction procedures must be a significant concern and validated because it may influence FGCMs levels. In this present study, the aim was to carry out a biological validation to find reliable EIAs that could be used for non-invasive measurement of glucocorticoid levels in crested macaques. Moreover, we compared three different techniques of preservation: lyophilisation, oven drying and field extraction and three different solvents for extraction: 80% methanol, 90% pure ethanol and 90% commercial alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) to find the simple and practical techniques for sample processing. For hormone analysis, we colIected 189 faecal samples from wild crested macaques living in the Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results show that biological validation can be used to validate measurement of faecal glucocorticoid which 3,11-dihydroxy-etiocholanolone was the most reliable EIAsfor this species. Different preservation and solvent extraction were not significantly influenced levels of FGCMs (p0.05). In conclusion, Our study highlights the importance of biological validation of FGCMassays and presents practical techniques for the non-invasive monitoring of physiological stress in crested macaques
Fig Pollinating Wasp Transfers Nematodes into Figs of Ficus racemosa in Sumatra, Indonesia
No full textThe fruits (figs) of fig trees (Ficus spp, known as bak ara in Aceh), are the source of food for many species of faunas in the forest, including birds, monkeys, orangutans, etc. Pollination within the figs totally depends on female fig wasps that belong to family Agaonidae. Fig trees and their pollinating wasps rely on each other to survive. Female fig wasps are known to transport nematodes into receptive figs when the wasps enter the figs to lay eggs. An investigation on the nematodes carried by female pollinating wasps Ceratosolen fusciceps Mayr into figs of Ficus racemosa was conducted in Sumatra, Indonesia. The figs on the trees were regularly sampled to determine the presence of nematodes and infer their ecology. The Baermann funnel method was employed to extract the nematodes from the figs. Eight species of nematodes were recorded from the figs, two of which are still unidentified. The species found were (1) Teratodiplogaster fignewmani, (2) Teratodiplogaster sp., (3) Parasitodiplogaster sp., (4) Schistonchus sp1., (5) Schistonchus sp2., (6) Mononchoides sp., (7) and (8) two undescribed Diplogastridae species (umbrella-like species 1 and species 2). This is the most diverse fig nematode community recorded. The highest nematode populations were routinely found in D-phase figs, when the new generations of wasps were about to emerge. Details of the ecology of each nematode species are likely to differ, but as a group they did not seem to significantly affect seed and wasp development in F. racemosa fig
Radiosensitivity and the Influence of Gamma Rays Irradiation on Local Samosir Shallots
No full textBulbs of localSamosir Shallot with the weight ranging from 1,3 to1,7 g were irradiated by several doses of gamma rays in order to investigate the radiosensitivity and the effects of irradiatons on the plants. Dry bulbs 2,5 months after harvest were exposed to gamma raysradiation ranging from 0 Gy to 20 Gy to determine their responses to radiation stress and the effective radiation dose for identification of Lethal dose 50 (LD50). Percentage of shoot growth was measured on 35th days after planting. The variation in morphological and agronomic characters were also determined. The results indicated that increasing doses of gamma irradiation had significant effect on shoot growth. Increasing in gamma rays doses from 0 Gy to 11Gy had little effect on percentage of shoot growth.With the increase in radiation dosesabove 11Gy, agreat reduction in percentage of shoot growth was observed in irradiated bulbs as compared to control. The LD50 values of local Samosir Shallot determined from linear regression analysis (using Curve-fit Analysis software) based on percentage of regenerated shoot growth was 11.60 Gy. There were also siqnificantdifferenciesbetweenregenerated plants growth from irradiated bulbs and control (unirradiated).Treated bulbs produced shorther plant lenght and less leave numbe
Application of Soil Conservation in Oil Palm Plantation
No full textOil palm development in Bireuen very important to increase the regional incomes, however, is also faced with the danger of land resources and environmental damage because it sited in an area with a slope 15-35%, with land capability class III VII. This study aimed to obtain soil and water conservation techniques are most appropriate and optimal in each land capability class. The studies were conducting by Experimental Method (Standard Erosion Plot). Testing of soil and water conservation techniques was done with land capability base. On land capability class III was tested four treatments, namely: the system of farmers; individual terrace (horseshoe); individual terraces + strips plant; cover crops + organic fertilizer.Land in class IV was tested four treatments, namely: the system of farmers; sediment trap; sediment trap + vertical mulching; sediment trap + cover crops + organic fertilizer. Results of measurements of surface runoff and erosion on land capability class III, soil conservation techniques capable of suppressing erosion compared to the control treatment, in this case the best treatment is the cover crops and organic fertilizers. Cover crops and organic fertilizers is able to suppress runoff and erosion by 23.73% and 27.29% compared to controls. As well as the application of soil conservation techniques in land capability class IV with sediment trap + cover crop and organic fertilizer is very effective in controlling runoff and erosion to 45.81 and 45.63% compared to controls
FORMULATION OF TRICHODERMA VIRENS ORIGIN OF ACEH COCOA CONTROLLING BLACK POD DISEASE CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTORA PALMIVORA
No full textTrichoderma virens have been isolated from rooting cocoa in Aceh and in the laboratory have been reported capable of inhibiting the growth of P. palmivora in vitro. However, the formulations of T. virens from Aceh can be used as an alternative product for farmers in controlling black pod disease of cocoa. This research was conducted t the Laboratory of Plant Pathology College of Agriculture Syiah Kuala University and cocoa fruit samples obtained from cocoa plantations owned by farmers in Pidie Jaya District of Aceh. The purpose of the study was to obtain an application formulations strains of T. virensfrom Aceh, as one of the biological control study consisted of seven treatments, namely W (water), Pest (Mancozeb Fungicide), Det (Detergent), Det+Tv( detergent+strainsof T.virens), P+Tv (Adhesive +strainsof T.virens), Co+Tv( Corn Oil+strainsof T.virens), Po+Tv (Palm oil+strainsof T.virens) and each treatment was repeated 10 times to obtain70 experimental units. The parameters observed incubation period, disease incidence (%), and the diameter of the spots (cm). Application results show that the strains of T. virens Origin Aceh effective in controlling P. palmivora on cocoa pods and the best formulation in controlling P. palmivora on cocoa pods are corn oil+T. virens formulation (Co +Tv) compared with other formulations are characterized by the length of the incubation period, the low incidence of P. palmivora disease, and the small diameter of the spots on the cocoa pods
EFFECT OF BIOCHAR RESIDUE, COMPOST, AND UREA COMBINATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
No full textThe objective of this study was to know the effect of biochar residue, compost and urea fertilization on growth and yield of maize. The research was conducted at University Farm Ie Seum Research Station, Aceh Besar district, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The experimental arranged in a randomized complate block non factorial design with four replications. There were eight treatment combinations: P1 (without biochar residue + without compost + without urea), P2 (without biochar residue + without compost + urea), P3 (without biochar residue + compost + without urea), P4 (without biochar residue + compost + urea), P5 (biochar residue + without compost + without urea), P6 (biochar residue + without compost + urea), P7 (biochar residue + compost + without urea), P8 (biochar residue + compost + urea). Based on the plant growth, biochar residue, compost, and urea fertilizer treatment did not significantly affect on plant height age of 30, 45 and 60 days after planting, leaf number aged 30, 45 and 60 days after planting, stem diameter ages 30, 45 and 60 days after planting. At the P7 treatment (biochar residue + compost + without urea) gave the best value but does not differ significantly with all treatments tested. Based on plant yield, biochar residue, compost, and urea fertilizer treatment did not significantly affect on cornhusk ear length, cornhusk cob diameter, cornhusk cob weight, cob length without cornhusk, cob diameter without cornhusk, cob weight without cornhusk, and yield. At P5 treatment (biochar residue + without compost + without urea) cornhusk cobs and P7 (biochar residue + compost + without urea) cornhusk cobs and without cornhusk provide the best value but does not differ significantly with all treatments tested
Electrocoagulation Application in The Processing of Palm Oil Mill Effluent from Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactor
No full textThe production of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in Indonesia keep increase following the amount of wastewater that being produced. Therefore laboratory scale research of processing of palm oil mill effluent of anaerobic fixed bed reactor with electrocoagulation technique was conducted. Electrocoagulation is a process of coagulation using a direct current through an electrochemical events are symptoms of electrolyte decomposition. This research aims to determine the influence of voltage in the adaptor to the performance of this electrocoagulation system and to determine the optimum operating time for the liquid waste treatment. The material that being used is palm oil mill effluent with electrocoagulation equipment devices with the discharge of 1.5 liters/minute, the residence time of wastewater at 1 hour, 5 cm electrode spacing, as well as the strong current of 8, 9, 10, and 11 Ampere. The results obtained by the reduction in COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) at the highest voltage of 9 volts at 120 minutes of operating time 95,76%, the reduction of TS (Total Solid) obtained at the highest voltage of 10 volts at 90 minutes of operating time 24,41%, the reduction of TSS (Total Suspended Solid) the highest obtained at the operating time of 180 minutes and a voltage of 10 volts give the rejection 91,78 %
Alkaline Pretreatment Effect on Sweet Sorghum Bagasse for Bioethanol Production
No full textLignocellulosic material, which consist mainly of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, are among the most promising renewable feedstock for the production of energy and chemicals. The bagasse residue of sweet sorghum can be use utilized as raw material to alternative energy such as bioethanol. Bioethanol production consist of pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation and purification process. The pretreatment process is of great importance to ethanol yield. In the present study, alkaline pretreatment was conducted using a steam explosion reactor at 1300C with concentrations of NaOH 6, and 10% (kg/L) for 10, and 30 min. For ethanol production separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were conducted with 30 FPU of Ctec2 and Htec2 enzyme and yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results shows that maximum cellulose conversion to total glucose plus xylose were found to be greatest with NaOH 10% for 30 min. Maximum ethanol yield 92.19% and high concentration of ethanol 66.88g/L were obtained at SSF condition after 24 h