Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter
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Antimicrobial Peptides: Their Role in Innate Immune System and Usage in Future Drug Development
No full textAntimicrobial peptides naturally play a role in the innate immune system of any living organisms. These small molecules are known as "ancient weapon" and also recognized as natural antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides have distinct characteristics including their unique structures which are strongly correlated to their antimicrobial activities. Recently the development of antimicrobial peptides as future antimicrobial agents has become a major issue in the pharmaceutical business. This article will discuss the natural role of antimicrobial peptides in host defence system and the relationship of their structure with antimicrobial activity. This article will also discuss the challenge in developing antimicrobial peptides as future antimicrobial agents
Morphology and Parasitaemia Development of Plasmodium berghei in Balb/c Mice (Mus musculus)
No full textMalaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. It is a leading cause of death and disease in many developing countries, where young children and pregnant women are the groups most affected. Malaria disease caused by Plasmodium parasite have symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma or death. The present study is aimed to monitoring parasitemia level and percentage of parasite morphology as parasitaemia progresses. This research used Plasmodium berghei NK strain obtained from National University of Malaysia which originally from MR4, USA. Design used in this research was completely randomized design, with 2 treatments which were mice without infection and mice with infection of P. berghei parasite. Method used in this research was staining method of thin smear of blood using Giemsa stained and observed by microscopic. Parameter of observation were morphology and development of P. berghei at different level of parasitaemia (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The result showed from microscopic examination of blood slides prepared from the study animals indicated that the ring form was dominant stage obtained at all different stages of infection followed by trophozoite stage. Meanwhile schizont stage was the lowest stage obtained at all different stages observed
Investigation of the Effect of Heat Moisture Treatment on Local Sweet Potato Starch Characteristics
No full textThe aimed of this study was to determine the effect of Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) method on the characteristics of local sweet potato starch. Sweet potato starch were isolated from three varieties, namely based on their flesh colour white, light yellow and purple. The native sweet potato starch clasified into two groups; non HMT groups and HMT groups. The native sweet potato starch with HMT treatment were adjusted to moisture content of 25% and exposed to HMT at 110C for 3 h. The native and treated starches were characterized for starch physicochemical characteristics espescially total dietary fibre (TDF) which is increased significatl
Physiological Seed Performance of Local Aceh and National Release Variety of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Water Stress
No full textGlobal warming causes changes in rainfall patterns causing lack of water for cultivation (IPPC,2007). About 50% of the rice cultivation area in the world has water shortages which becomes limiting factors of production (Bouman, 2009), hence the need early detection for drought- resistant varieties with seed physiological test. The experiment carry out at Laboratory Seed Technology and Industry of Agriculture Faculty Syiah Kuala University from April to June 2015. The experiment in split plot design 3X10 with 3 replication and standing roll wet paper germination method used. Amount of 2250 seed are used for physiological seed performance test. Water stress condition induced with PEG 6000 0%; 12.5%; 25%. Local genotype and national released variety of rice used in this experiment are Bo Santeut, Romokot, Sanbei, Pade mas, Aweuh, Inpari 16, IR 64, Situ Patenggang, and Towuti. Concentrations of Polyethilene Glicol 6000 (PEG 6000) have significant effect on all physiological parameter. Some local rice Aceh genotypes potentially to be cultivated on dry lands to cope water stress conditions
How to restore the Tropical Peat Swamp Forest in Aceh Province, Indonesia
No full textThis study aims to describe the condition of Tripa Peat Swamp Forest (TPSF) in the Province of Aceh Indonesia that has been converted from forest to oil palm plantation and mixed farms. The results showed that the degradation of the peat soil and the environment have occurred in the TPSF. Degradation of peat is characterized by the occurrence of changes in water holding capacity and changes in chemical and physical properties of soil. Environmental degradation is characterized by changes in groundwater levels and land subsidence. TPSF restoration efforts can be carried out in accordance with the directives of land use and land conservation and water managemen
Effect of Leaf Extract Sirih (Piper betle L.) and on Future Soaking Time Freshness of Flowers Rose (Rosa sinensis L.)
No full textRose (Rosa sinensis L.) is one commodity florikulture important as a component in agribusiness systems and as an ornamental plant. Roses as an ornamental plant has two types, namely roses for the garden and roses for cut flowers. Cut flowers are marketed must have a good quality. One aspect of the desired quality is the life of a cut flower freshness long. Age freshness of cut flowers can be done by granting long soaking solution which is natural as a preservative. This study aims to get the right composition of the soaking solution between betel leaf extract, citric acid and sugar to prolong the freshness of roses. Results showed that betel leaf extract very significant effect on the diameter of the roses in full bloom at 2, 6, 8, and 10 DAT (Days After Treatment), 8 and 10 flower sepals DAT, the index rose florescence 8 and 10 DAT, the index kelayuan rose 6.8 and 10 DAT and organoleptic (color), real influence on organoleptic (texture) and had no significant effect on the diameter of flowers in full bloom 4 DAT, petal number 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 DAT, sepals index flower 2, 4 and 6 DAT, and florescence index rose2, 4 and 6 DAT. The best treatment is found in the treatment of betel leaf extract 200 g / L of water. Soaking time no real effect on the diameter of roses in full bloom, the number of petals, sepals index, the index rose florescence, indexes wilted roses and organoleptic (color and texture). Soaking time is best found in the soaking time of 9 days. There is a significant interaction between treatment betel leaf extract and soaking time on indexes sepals on 10 DAT and florescence index rose at 4 DAT
SNP Mapping to Locate Anthracnose Resistance in Capsicum spp.
No full textTwo SNP maps were constructed from two chili populations including Capsicum annuum x C. chinense PBC932, and C. baccatum PBC80 x CA1316, aiming to identify QTLs for anthracnose resistance. The PBC932-derived map contained 12 linkage groups (LG) with 214 SNPs and 824 cM coverage. The PBC80-derived map contained 12 LGs with 403 SNPs and 1,270 cM coverage. Based on the PBC932 map, two QTLs corresponding to the anthracnose resistances in mature green and ripe fruit stages were identified on the same location of LG2 between two SNPs within 14 cM. Based on the PBC80 map, three QTLs were identified in the ripe fruit stage, which corresponded to different resistance traits that were assayed by different inoculation methods (microinjection or MI and high pressure spray or HP) with two different pathotypes (PCa2 and PCa3). All the three major QTLs for the resistance traits assayed by PCa2/MI, PCa3/MI, and PCa3/HP were located on LG4 between two SNP markers within 17 cM
Histamine Levels in Repeated Thawing Beef
No full textThe aim of this research was to determine the histamine levels in repeated thawing beef. This research were using longisimus dorsi part (sirloin) of beef. Repeated thawing treatments of beef consisted of P1 as control without freezing, P2 as first thawing after one week freezing, P3 as second thawing without freezing two weeks and P4 with freezing three weeks. The slices of beef was storage in freezer at temperature of -20C every weeks for three weeks. The thawing process was done by storage in refrigerator at temperature of 6C for 270 minutes after being removed from the storage in freezer every weeks for three weeks. PIC (Protease Inhibiting Cocktail) methode were used to extraction of enzyme in beef. Enzyme Link Imunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were used to detected the histamine levels with 450 nm wave length. The quantitative data from parameters were analyzed by descriptive. The results of the study concluded that repeated thawing beef in refrigerator at temperature of 6C could decrease the histamine levels
Biocompatibility of Chitosan/Collagen/PVA Nanocomposite Containing Calcium Apatite
No full textBiopolymer-based nanocomposites containing bone minerals have been used intensively as bone- graft in various broken bone accidents. Main objective of this work is to prepare and characterise biocompatible chitosan/collagen/PVA nanocomposites containing calcium apatite suitable for bone-graft engineering. The calcium apatite nanofillers were prepared by calcination of cow bones at 830oC for 3 hours, followed by ball-milling and ultrasonication processes and characterization using particle size analysis (PSA) and electron scanning microscopy (SEM). It was found that particle siz of the filler ranging between 100-8000 nm due partial aglomersation. The bone-graft nanocomposites specimens were prepared with various calcium apetite loading (0-10%) in constant ratio (1:1:1) of chitosan/collagen/PVA biopolymers. Compression strength of the nanocomposites containing optimum filler of 6% was found 2.01 MPa, its density was 1.19 g/cm3 and its water absorption capacity 58.3% and biodegradation rate 2.67%/day. Degree of biocompatibillity of the bone-graft was revealed after its implementation in mice tissue which did not show any histopathological effect after 14 days
Effect of Organic Matters And Water Stress On Performance of Rice in Vegetative Phase
No full textDrought become a major limiting factor in world cereal production. Various methods are used to solve this problem such as irrigation management by managing the soil moisture effectively for the plants to grow normally. Another way to improve the water holding capacity with the addition of organic matter in soil. Another way by planting drought tolerant rice varieties. Drought-tolerant rice varieties like Inpago 8 with various doses of organic matter and water stress at vegetative phase treatment done to analyze the change of rice plant performance at the vegetative phase of the rice crop due to drought and organic matter dose. At very low water content, which happened repeatedly during the vegetative phase causes the change in root growth, plant height, length and width of rice leaf significantl