Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter
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Compost Oil Palm and Indigenous Endophytic Fungi Effect on Basal Stem Rot in Oil Palm Seedling
No full textBasal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma is an important disease of oil palm in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Control of BSR is complex, because the disease occurs in the dynamic environment at the interface of the roots with soil. Compost with endophytic fungi as a biological fertilizer offer possible advantages and eventually suppressed ganoderma growth. A study using two compost oil palm (empty fruit bunch and palm oil midrib-leaf compost) containing indigenous endophytic fungi (Trichoderma koningii, T. viride, and Aspergillus sp.) singly and in a mixture was conducted to determine potential of them to control Ganoderma. The result showed that 16 weeks after artificial inoculation, all treatments aren't significant difference reduced BSR incidence but compost containing endophytic fungi have potential to inhibit the pathogen showed BSR incidence in a mixture treated lower than singly treated seedling
Roots Bioassay of Upland Rice Varieties on Several Soil Moisture Gradients
No full textWater availability is a major factor affecting rice production especially in upland. The Production of upland rice is low because of the low of water availability in upland. Roots play an important role in upland rice adaptation to drought conditions. This study aimed to identify the characteristic of upland rice variety root development under soil moisture gradients. This study use randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors and 3 replicate. Factor I : 12 upland rice variety, ie: Silumut, Batutegi, Limboto, Situpatenggang, Situbagendit, Towuti, Cirata, Danau Gaung, Gajah Mungkur, Inpago 4, Inpago 5, Inpago 6. Factor II : gradien of soil moisture level, ie: 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % field capacity. The Result of research indicate all the upland rice variety were classified tolerance based on relative value of root leght. The highest root lenght and the heaviest root dry matter were generally from combination uplandrice varieties with 60 80 % field capacity except Inpago 4 and Situbagendit showed the highest root lenght at 20 % field capacity and combination The heaviest root dry matter at 40 %were Inpago 4 and Jatiluhur generally from characteristic of root gro field capacit
Adaptation of Some Clones of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the Lowlands and the Use of Manure
No full textThis study aims to determine adaptation of some clones of sweet potato in the lowlands and the best manure application on the growth and yield of sweet potato as well as the interaction betweenthe two factors. Research conducted at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture SyiahKuala University, Banda Aceh, with a height of 4 m above sea level, from March to September 2014. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement (2x8), using a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is a manure treatment (control and manure 20 ton/ha), and the subplot is a treatment of types of sweet potato clones (CIP-LSQ, CIP-1945,CIP-MAN, CIP-153, CIP-CER, CIP-BDG), and local clones (beige and orange). The results showed that the best plant growth was found on CIP-153 clone, while the best crop production was CIP- LSQ clone. Growth and crop production was found best on control treatment. There are interactions between manure and clones on weight of the fresh shoot (ton/ha), fresh weight and dry bulb per plant (g), the weight of large tubers (ton/ha) and tubers yield (ton/ha). The best plant growth and production was found on a combination treatment of CIP-LSQ clones and control (without manure)
Healthy House as Indicator to Realize Healthy City and its Relationship with the Role of Community in Medan City
No full textA healthy city connotes a city that is clean, comfortable, safe and healthy for inhabitants, which is achieved through the implementation of the arrangements and agreed activities between communities and local government units. Healthy house is one indicator of a healthy city. A healthy house meets the health requirements as measured by three parameters: components of house, sanitation facilities and the behavior of occupants. This study aimed to analyze if the houses in Medan qualify for the attainment of a healthy city, determine the knowledge of community in terms of healthy house, healthy city and the role of community, and to find out if there is a significant relationship between the role of community and having a healthy house. The study design used is survey with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Research sites were the 21 districts in the city of Medan wherein 400 respondents were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that in the city of Medan, only 30% of houses were healthy and 70% were not. 63.0% of the respondents have good knowledge about healthy house and 57.8% have good knowledge about healthy city. Furthermore, the community perceived to have played a good role as much as 75.5% in the effort to realize a healthy home/city. The communitys role has a positive and significant effect on healthy house in efforts to achieve a healthy city in Medan (p = 0.04). It is recommended that the government of Medan City draw up a program of healthy house and healthy city and involve related stakeholders, increase community participation from the beginning of planning stage in order to increase community involvement in the implementation of development and formation of Healthy City Forum
The Analysis of Constraints and Opportunities Development of Livestock in Aceh Besar
No full textThis research aims to analyze the constraints and opportunities of livestock business development in Aceh Besar. The data used in this research is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to the related parties such as Animal husbandry in Aceh and Aceh Besar, breeders, breeders association and manager of slaughterhouse. The data analyzed by using SWOT analysis. The research found that the opportunity of livestock development is great enough beside the availability of land, government participation in giving seed (calf) of Aceh cattle to a number of breeders, mowers/feed crusher, vaccination, administration, artificial insemination and land development for forage. In addition, the constraints experienced by cattle breeders are limited which based on the infrastructure, poor management of cattle breeders, lack of cage sanitation, limited forage during dry season, and the demands of industry/manufacture are still dominated by imported beef
Pharmacokinetics Interaction of Glucocorticoids with 99mTc-MDP Radiopharmaceuticals for Bone Imaging Agents and its Biodistribution Pattern
No full textA drug therapy can alter the pharmacokinetic profiles and biodistribution patterns of radiopharmaceuticals. Glucocorticoids are pharmaceutical drugs for anti-inflammatory by preventing phospholipid release and decreasing eosinophil action. To achieve an optimum diagnostic outcome, this research was focused on pharmacokinetics interaction and biodistribution pattern between two kinds of Glucocorticoids drugs i.e. dexamethasone and prednisone with 99mTc- MDP using animal model Mus musculus stock Swiss. 99mTc-MDP has been developed as radiopharmaceutical for bone imaging in nuclear medicine. Mice were divided into three groups, which were treated with dexamethasone by oral administration for 5 days continously, treatment with prednisone by oral administration for 3 days continously and without treatment (control). Pharmacokinetics interaction was conducted by injecting 200mL 99mTc-MDP intravenously administrated using a dose 1 mCi/mL. Biodistribution pattern was conducted by injecting 200 mL99mTc-MDP intravenously administrated using a dose 1 mCi/mL. After 3 hours after intravenousinjection of 99mTc-MDP each of these groups of animals were killed with chloroform and then dissected. Radioactivity of blood samples and selected organs were weighed and counted by using single channel analyzer. The results of pharmacokinetics study showed that the elimination half-life of animal model that given with dexamethasone and prednisone are 4.61 h and 4.63 h more faster than control animals (20.67 h). The results of biodistribution study showed that uptake of 99mTc- MDP in bone using animal models decreased which were given dexamethasone and prednisone compared to normal animals, which following results 3.53 0.49%, 3.47 0.5% and 11.54 4.36% (control)
Colonization Ability of Biological Control Agent Tricoderma spp on Cocoa Pod and Seedling
No full textSome of Trichoderma species as antagonistic fungi are usually considered soil microorganism, They colonize plant roots, some- times forming a symbiotic relationship. Three species of Trichoderma (T. virens, T. harzianum and T. asperellum) have been inoculated on cacao seedling and cocoa pod. Trichoderma species can be re-isolated from surface sterilized cacao seedling, including the stem and leaf, root, and pod then observed their colonization ability. Fungal hyphae were observed under the microscope emerging from the leaf, steam, root of seedling and pod as soon as 1 day after their isolation from surface sterilized cacao seedling and pod. All Trichoderma species were able to enter and make colonization. The highest percentage of colonization occurred in the T. harzianum by 73.3% (leaves), 46.7% (trunk) and 86.7% (roots). While colonization on the skin cocoa pod (epidermis) also has a different percentage, the highest percentage indicated in the treatment of T. harzianum by 63.3%. We conclude that T. harzianum better biological control agent base on their ability to colonize all part of seedling and pod. Trichoderma species into the cacao stem, leaf, root and pod allowing systemic colonization of this tissue
BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LUMBRICUS RUBELLUS POWDER AGAINST DRUG RESISTANT MICROBES
No full textInappropriate uses of antimicrobial drugs have contributed to the development of resistant microbial pathogens. This phenomenon requires discovery and development of potential antimicrobial compounds from organic materials. Lumbricus rubellus is the ubiquitous earthworm containing antimicrobial peptide named Lumbricin-1. The aim of this study was to determine the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of Lumbricus rubellus powder against several drug resistant microbes such as Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Fluconazole resistant Candida albicans. This experimental study was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatment groups consisting of 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg and 500 mg L.rubellus powder in 5 ml solvent (acetic acid and acetonitrile) and negative control groups. One percent of each concentration then was used in the antimicrobial activity testing using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data of this research were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that L. rubellus powder in each of the concentrations of 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg and 500 mg obtained an average inhibition zone of 14.33 mm, 14.17 mm, 14.00 mm, 15.00 mm and 13.00 mm respectively against MDR P. aeruginosa; 16.75 mm, 18.50 mm, 18.75 mm, 16.75 mm and 17.25 mm against MRSA; 16.50 mm, 18.00 mm, 17.50 mm, 17.75 mm and 16 mm against Fluconazole resistant C. albicans. Statistical analysis revealed that Lumbricus rubellus powder in the tested concentrations showed significant broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against drug resistant microbes (p0.05)
Inflammation and the Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell
No full textMesenchymal stem cells are adult non-hematopoietic stem cells with multilineage proliferation and differentiation capabilities. This type of stem cell has the multipotent ability to differentiate into osteocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes and bone marrow stromal cells. The migration mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell is not yet fully understood, but based on studies that have been done recently by the researchers worldwide shown that the inflammatory process plays an important role for mesenchymal stem cell migration. A number of chemokine that plays a role in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells such as MCP-1 (CCL2), CXCL8, RANTES (CCL5), LL-37, integrin 1, CD44 receptor, CCR2, CCR3, and tyrosine kinase receptors for the following growth factors: IGF -1, PDGF-bb, HGF and VEG
Rejuvenation and Characterization of Local Rice Germplasm (Orya sativa L.) Under Organic Cultivation Syste
No full textThe research was carried out to rejuvenate and evaluate the performances of plant characters of rice genotyps to produce a pure lines that are suitable for organic cultivation method. Thirty genotypes of the selected local rice were conducted to evaluate the phenotype performances under the organic cultivation method. The rice genotypes were utilized in this experiment to evaluate their morpho-agronomic characters under organic cultivation system. Characterization of seed performances of each accession was described and catalogued to identify their accession traits. In addition, genotypic differences and similarities were also characterized and catalogued. Duplicate accessions were eliminated from the same variety or nearly identical variants of a variety. The morpho-agronomic performances of plant height, number of tillers, lifespan, number of panicles, filled grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield potential, and harvest index were clearly affected by the genotype. The results showed that the genotypes were greatly varied the morphoagronomic performances. , if organic system was applied, it was found that the responses of rice growth and yield of local varieties of Aceh is better than rice varieties cultivated by the national and introduction genotype