Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro
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Average Voltage and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network Based Scheme to Predict Transient Stability Status
No full textThis paper presents a technique that predicts the transient stability status of a power system after a disturbance. It uses generator bus voltage as input parameter and a trained single-input multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) as decision tool. When activated, the scheme samples voltages of all generator buses. Two sets of voltage values are extracted from each sampled generator bus voltage. For each set, the minimum voltage value is obtained. An average value is computed from the minimum voltage values extracted from the first sample sets of the various generator buses. The average value is then used to compute the deviations of the minimum voltage values from the second sets of data. The deviations are then summed and used as input to a trained MLPNN which indicates the stability status. The technique was tested using the IEEE 39-bus test system and its accuracy found to be 98.97%
Vector Form Implementation in Three-Phase Power Flow Analysis Based on Power Injection Rectangular Coordinate
Get PDFThis paper aims to propose the vector form implementation into three-phase power flow analysis. The developed algorithm is based on Newton-Raphson method with voltage is represented in rectangular coordinate. The Python programming language and its mathematical libraries are used in this works. Three-phase power flow analysis in vector form utilizes sparse matrix ordering algorithm, so the elements of the coefficient correction matrix can be rearranged easily. This method was used to solve three-phase power flow for balance or unbalance network in two actual distribution system feeders in Lampung, i.e. 119 nodes and 191 nodes. Comparison with traditional Newton-Raphson method (non-vector) shows the vector form is able to solve computation up to eight times faster than non-vector. Keywords: Three-phase power flow, Vector form, Newton-Raphson, Rectangular, Pytho
Analisa Potensi Embung Itera Sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Pico Hydro (PLTPH)
Get PDFInstitut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) has 5 reservoirs with lip embankment construction higher than the normal water level and have steep elevations with different catchment areas (DTA). By using the Google Earth Pro software, it is known that DTA reservoirs A, B, C, D, and E are respectively 1.728 ha; 1,146 ha; 1,052 ha; 0.844 ha; and 9.562 ha. This study aims to determine the potential energy that might be generated from the 5 reservoirs while still considering the integrity of the ecosystem. The power plant is in the form of a Pico hydro power plant that can be used as a power plant practicum media by Itera students, especially electrical engineering study program students. The power plant's rapid pipe is designed to be installed 1 meter below the normal water level and the operating time is based on the rain discharge that is accommodated by the reservoir in one month. The method used is field observation, rainfall data collection, calculations using practical rational methods and hydropower hydraulics. The results of data processing of five reservoirs owned by ITERA show that the greatest potential that can be used as a source of electricity generation is reservoirs E. The analysis shows that the discharge capacity of 0.216 m3 / s and an effective head of 5.46 m can produce an electric power generated of 7,071 kW with operational time at April.Keywords : Discharge, Rain Intensity, Pico Hydro.AbstrakInstitut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) memiliki 5 embung dengan konstruksi bibir embung lebih tinggi dari batas muka air normalnya serta memiliki elevasi curam dengan luasan Daerah Tangkapan Air (DTA) masing masing-nya berbeda. Melalui software Google Earth Pro diketahui luas DTA embung A, B, C, D, dan E secara berturut-turut yaitu 1,728 ha; 1,146 ha; 1,052 ha; 0,844 ha; dan 9,562 ha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi energi yang mungkin dibangkitkan dari 5 embung tersebut dengan tetap mempertimbangkan keutuhan ekosistemnya. Pembangkit berupa pembangkit listrik tenaga pico hydro yang dapat digunakan sebagai media praktikum pembangkit tenaga listrik oleh mahasiswa Itera, khususnya mahasiswa program studi teknik elektro. Pipa pesat pembangkit listrik didesain terpasang 1 meter dibawah muka air normal dan waktu pengoperasian berdasarkan debit hujan yang tertampung oleh embung dalam satu bulan. Metoda yang dilakukan adalah observasi lapangan, pengumpulan data curah hujan, perhitungan menggunakan metode rasional praktis dan persamaan daya hidraulik tenaga air. Hasil pengolahan data lima embung yang dimiliki Itera didapatkan potensi terbesar yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pembangkit listrik adalah embung E. Hasil analisa menunjukkan debit tampungan 0,216 m3/s dan head efektif 5,46 m dapat menghasilkan daya listrik terbangkitkan sebesar 7,071 kW dengan waktu operasional pada bulan April.Kata Kunci : Debit, Intensitas Hujan, Pico Hydro
Kinerja Panel Surya Apung Pada Kulong Pasca Tambang Timah
Get PDFTin mining in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, leaving a basin called the kulong. Kulong has an irregular landscape and contains very small amount of nutrients. Basically, kulong can be a storage place for water reserves to support the fisheries sector. But often, kulong water has poor dissolved oxygen concentration so that it is not suitable for fish growth. Therefore it needs an aeration system that can supply oxygen. The development of integrated aeration technology with floating solar panels in the kulong area is an interesting alternative solution to be developed. The floating solar panel system consists of a 50 Wp solar panel which is floated on a rectangular 4” PVC pipe and connected to a solar charge controller (MPPT), sealed lead-acid battery 12V 12 Ah and a 12V DC aerator as a source of aeration. An aluminum heatsink is installed at the bottom of the solar panel to transfer heat from solar panel to the kulong water so that temperature gets drop and the solar panel can produce higher voltage than solar panel placed on land. The voltage of the floating solar panel with the heatsink is higher on average 0.41V so that the average power generated by the floating solar panel is also about 2% higher than the power generated by solar panel on land.Key Words: Floating Solar Panel, Tin Kulong and AerationAbstrakPenambangan timah di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung menyisakan cekungan yang disebut dengan kulong. Kulong memiliki lanskap yang tidak beraturan serta hanya mengandung unsur hara dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil. Pada dasarnya kulong dapat menjadi tempat penyimpanan cadangan air untuk mendukung sektor perikanan. Tetapi seringkali air kulong memiliki kadar konsentrasi oksigen terlarut yang buruk sehingga tidak baik bagi pertumbuhan ikan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sistem aerasi yang dapat menyuplai oksigen. Pengembangan teknologi aerasi yang terintegrasi dengan panel surya apung di area kulong adalah solusi alternatif yang menarik untuk dikembangkan. Sistem panel surya apung terdiri dari panel surya 50 Wp yang diapungkan di atas pipa PVC 4” berbentuk persegi panjang dan dihubungkan dengan solar charge controller (MPPT), sealed lead-acid battery 12V 12 Ah dan aerator 12V DC sebagai sumber aerasi. Heatsink berbahan aluminium dipasang di bawah panel surya untuk mengalirkan panas dari panel surya ke air kulong sehingga suhu turun dan dapat menghasilkan tegangan lebih tinggi daripada panel yang diletakkan di darat. Tegangan panel surya apung dengan heatsink lebih tinggi rata-rata 0,41V sehingga rata-rata daya yang dibangkitkan oleh panel surya apung juga lebih tinggi sekitar 2% dibandingkan dengan daya yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya di darat.Kata Kunci : Panel Surya Apung, Kulong Timah dan Aeras
Pemodelan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin Kecepatan Tetap Untuk Analisis Aliran Daya
Get PDFA simple model of fixed-speed wind turbine generating system for load flow analysis of an electrical power system is proposed in this paper. The proposed model is derived based on steady-state equivalent circuit of induction generator of the wind turbine generating system. Electric circuit theory (i.e. Kirchhoff and Ohm laws) is then used to obtain the proposed mathematical model. The proposed model has successfully been applied to 9-bus power system. Comparison with other model (PQ model) has also been carried out for validation purpose. Test results confirm that the proposed method is accurate. Keywords : Wind turbine generating system, Power flow analysis, Induction generator AbstrakTulisan ini menyajikan metode sederhana dalam memodelkan pembangkit listrik tenaga angin kecepatan tetap untuk analisis aliran daya suatu sistem tenaga listrik. Model yang diusulkan tersebut diturunkan berdasarkan rangkaian ekivalen keadaan-mantap dari generator induksi pembangkit listrik tenaga angin. Teori rangkaian listrik (hukum Kirchhoff dan Ohm) kemudian digunakan untuk mendapatkan model matematis yang dimaksud. Usulan model ini telah berhasil diterapkan pada sistem tenaga listrik 9-bus. Komparasi dengan model lain (model PQ) juga telah dilakukan untuk keperluan validasi. Hasil-hasil pengujian mengkonfirmasi bahwa metode yang diusulkan tersebut adalah akurat. Kata Kunci : Pembangkit listrik tenaga angin, Analisis aliran daya, Generator induks
Migration Between Two Inverse Time-Overcurrent Curves of Different Standard: Experience at Siguragura Power Station
Get PDFThe inevitable replacement of electro-mechanical protection relays with more recently-developed microprocessor-based protection relays poses challenges to engineer, one of which is migration from existing manufacturer’s non-standard inverse time-overcurrent curve to, usually, IEC 60255-151 or IEEE Std C37.112-1996 curve. To satisfy the required protection coordination, one may perform new study of protection coordination for the system in total, prior to replacement program. However, this exhaustive approach can be avoided by emulating existing non-standard inverse time overcurrent curve on the new microprocessor-based protection relay, provided that such curve is still adequate to be re-implemented. This paper aims to develop general procedure using nonlinear curve fitting to determine the most appropriate setting of microprocessor-based protection relay. The general procedure has been tested during renewal of feeder protection relay at Siguragura Power Station
The Use of Instrumentation Amplifiers and Voltage-to-Current Converter In a Process Control : Simulation and Implementation
No full textSignal in the form of voltage are often need to be transmitted when we deal with measurement. However, voltage signal transmission creates many problems. The series resistance that appears between the output of the signal conditioner and the load produces some voltage drop. Even a few millivolts of the voltage drops could significantly alter the percentage error of the measurement. Current signal is the same everywhere in a series loop. So, by converting the signal into a current and then sending the current signal will assures that the load will receive all of the signal we sent. In this paper, a simulation and an implementation of using instrumentation amplifiers and V-I converter for sending a voltage signal has been conducted. The process variable being measured is a differential pressure that is sensed by a pressure sensor. The output voltage signal was then amplified by an instrumentation amplifier and fed to a V-I converter for transmission purpose. The results is an increase in output current when the presssure was increased. It can be concluded that the instrumentation amplifier and V-I converter are the devices that are properly used for a voltage signal transmission. Keywords : Instrumentation amplifiers, signal transmission, V-I converter, voltage signal, current signal, pressure sensors
OTOMATISASI SENSOR LOAD CELL UNTUK MENGATASI OVERLOAD KENDARAAN
Get PDFKelebihan muatan merupakan suatu hal yang sering diabaikan oleh para pengemudi. Padahal, kelebihan muatan memberikan dampak di berbagai sisi. Peningkatan emisi gas buang, kerusakan badan jalan, bahkan kecelakaan lalu lintas dapat diakibatkan oleh kelebihan muatan kendaraan. Jembatan timbang merupakan seperangkat alat untuk menimbang kendaraan yang dipasang secara tetap merupakan solusi yang ditawarkan pemerintah untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Namun sayangnya masih sering ditemukan pengemudi yang mengangkut beban melebihi batas angkut yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Tujuan perancangan ini adalah menghasilkan prototipe kendaraan bak terbuka yang mampu mencegah mesin kendaraan tersebut beroperasi dengan kondisi beban berlebih dengan mengetahui hasil pembacaan sensor load cell. Perancangan sistem dan prototipe ini merupakan perancangan yang menyerupai sistem lift. Alarm peringatan, pintu tidak dapat ditutup serta lift tidak dapat dioperasikan merupakan indikator yang menandai bahwa lift dalam kondisi kelebihan muatan. Dengan mengadopsi sistem lift ini, maka dirancanglah suatu prototipe machine-stopping system suatu sistem built-in yang terdiri dari komponen berupa buzzer, relay, LED dan motor servo yang akan menghalangi suatu kendaraan beroperasi dalam keadaan kelebihan muatan
Penentuan Posisi Sudut Matahari Menggunakan ANFIS dalam Aplikasi Tracker Panel Surya
Get PDFSolar panels have constraints on output power that are not large enough and they are highly depend on natural conditions. Solar panel power depends on the intensity of sunlight received and the temperature of the surrounding environment. In order to get the maximum output power of the solar panel, an additional device called the solar tracker is needed. This research has contributed to increasing the output power of solar panels by directing solar panels perpendicular to sunlight. The use of this research is very useful in the application of the multi-axis tracker application from the sun. By knowing the rising angle of the sun every morning and the circulation angle to sunset, the tracker will work quickly so that the energy used for movement is very small. The reference angle generated by the ANFIS training algorithm is more accurate because the calculated data will be confirmed again by the sensor. And this system can work offline, without being connected to a data center, so it can be used in remote or isolated areas.Keywords : Sun Tracking System, MPPT, ANFIS, Solar Panels AbstrakPanel surya memiliki kendala pada daya keluaran yang tidak cukup besar dan sangat tergantung oleh kondisi alam. Daya panel surya sangat tergantung dari intensitas cahaya matahari yang diterima dan suhu lingkungan sekitar. Agar mendapatkan daya keluaran panel surya yang maksimal dibutuhkan perangkat tambahan yang disebut tracker matahari. Penelitian ini memiliki kontribusi dalam meningkatkan daya keluaran panel surya dengan mengarahkan panel surya tegak lurus dengan cahaya matahari. Penggunaan penelitian ini sangat bermanfaat dalam penerapan aplikasi tracker multiaxis dari matahari. Dengan mengetahui sudut terbitnya matahari pada setiap pagi hari dan sudut edar sampai dengan terbenam, tracker akan bekerja dengan cepat sehingga energi yang digunakan untuk pergerakan sangat kecil. Sudut referensi yang dihasilkan oleh algoritma pelatihan ANFIS, lebih akurat karena data hasil perhitungan akan dikonfirmasi kembali oleh sensor. Serta sistem ini dapat bekerja secara offline, tanpa terhubung dengan pusat data, sehingga dapat digunakan pada area terpencil atau terisolasi.Kata Kunci : Posisi Sudut Matahari, MPPT, ANFIS, Panel Surya