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Tingkat Cemaran Mikrobia pada Tanaman Biofarmaka Curcuma domestica setelah Proses Pengeringan
Full text linkSolar food processing is an emerging technology that provides good quality foods and economist. Traditional medicinal plants product such as turmeric (C. domestica) drying product from local industries on Gunungpati Semarang have not meet its standards quality yet, in terms of microbial contaminants. The purpose of this research is to test the drying product resulted from heating process of simplicia by sunlight and oven. Observations of focusing on microbial contaminant from treatment after 3 month incubation. The research method conducted by drying simplicia of C. domestica at variant a temperature of 300C, 400C, 500C and 600C for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours. The results showed that drying at a temperature of 500C and 600C for 24 hours and 48 hours showed the lowest contamination and still in accordance with ISO standard for simplicia which is number of mold and yeast <1´104 cfu, while the total plate count were <1´107cfu
Penerapan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Berorientasi Green Chemistry untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Kimia SMA
Full text linkLearning chemistry require laboratory work to support good teaching and learning process. SMA Muhammadiyah plus Salatiga is the limited number of laboratory and chemicals are available resulting in chemistry learning process is not managed well. Critical thinking skills are underdeveloped learners and learning outcomes prior to remedial classes is low. Green chemistry approach oriented constructivism is one of the alternatives used in solving chemistry problems learning process in SMA Muhammadiyah Plus Salatiga. This approach uses nature as a learning medium. Conservation efforts in the field of education. This study aims to improve critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes. This study uses a class action research consisting of three cycles .. The results showed a significant difference to the cognitive learning and critical thinking skills in each cycle. Completeness average for cognitive learning outcomes in each cycle reaches 70%, 82% and 88%. Critical thinking skills were observed through the activities of students in the class average for each cycle is 90. More than 75% of students responded positively to the learning chemistry with green chemistry oriented constructivism approach. Learners become actively involved in the learning process and have high initiative in developing the subject in class
Biolitik Enzim Bekicot (Achatina fulica) Sebagai Agen Fusi Protoplas Pichia manshurica Intraspecifik
Full text linkEnzymes were an important role both in the food or beverage industry, but there is also an enzyme that acts as a breaker of the organism or cell wall of microorganisms. The enzyme known as biolytic enzyme. Extraction enzyme taken from the snail (Achatina fulica), especially in the abdomen, as in this section contains compounds glukorononidase β, and beta-glucanase and endo arylsulphatase (Ezeronye and Okerentugba, 2001). This enzyme was an important role before the fusion process takes place, namely for protoplast isolation. Furthermore, the enzyme used to break down the cell wall of the yeast Pichia manshurica. The yeasts are indigenus located around dahlia tubers and has the ability to produce inulinase (EC 3.2.1.7). Protoplast fusion is one way to improve the strain, so hopefully we will get a new strain and superior compared to its parent. The purpose of this research was using enzymes from snail to break the cell walls of yeast (protoplast isolation) and to obtain new fusan. Protoplast isolation performed enzymatically by using enzyme biolytic of snail. Fusion process was done by mixing the two parental pellets in solution osmotic stabilizer sorbitol solution of 1.0 mol / L containing 30% PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol) and 10 mM CaCl2 for 20 minutes. The results showed that the concentration of biolytic 100% can be utilized as an agent biolytic enzyme and capable of producing protoplasts of 8.1 x 109 and it has been found that 3 fusan namely were Fusan D F1, F4 and F7 D
Model Green School di Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kota Bandung: Studi Pendahuluan
Full text linkTelah dilakukan studi pendahuluan berkaitan dengan pengembangan model green school melalui mata pelajaran PLH dalam upaya penyediaan sumber belajar IPA di SMP. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengidentifikasi pembelajaran PLH dan IPA terutama materi keanekaragaman tumbuhan, (2) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang ada di pekarangan sekolah, dan (3) mengembangkan model green school. Subjek penelitian adalah guru-guru PLH dan IPA yang berasal dari lima SMP pilihan yang ada di Wilayah Timur Kota Bandung. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi: (1) Angket guru PLH untuk mengidentifikasi pembelajaran yang biasa dilaksanakan pada pelajaran PLH pada materi penghijauan dan angket guru IPA untuk mengidentifikasi pembelajaran pada materi keanekaragaman tumbuhan terutama klasifikasi tumbuhan, dan (2) Lembar observasi untuk mendata jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang ada di pekarangan sekolah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pada pembelajaran PLH yang biasa dilaksanakan oleh guru, kegiatan menaman tanaman merupakan salah satu tugas yang diberikan oleh semua guru PLH pada materi penghijauan; (2) pada pembelajaan IPA yang biasa dilaksanakan, menunjukkan bahwa semua guru yang menjadi subjek penelitian menggunakan media tumbuhan asli ketika membelajarkan klasifikasi tumbuhan; (3) Jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang ditanam di halaman sekolah masing-masing sekolah subjek penelitian sangat bervariasi; dan (4) adanya ketidaksesuaian antara tumbuhan yang dipilih untuk ditanam pada mata pelajaran PLH dan yang dibutuhkan guru IPA untuk media pembelajaran keanekaragaman tumbuhan serta tuntutan buku ajar, maka perlu dikembangkan model green school
Satwa Liar di Area Reklamasi PT Adaro Indonesia, Kalimantan Selatan yang Direvegetasi Kurang dari Dua Tahun
Full text linkThere was no monitoring specifically on fauna in the reclamation area of PT Adaro Indonesia. The objective of the research was to record fauna species in this area which had been revegetated less than two years ago. Diurnal birds as a main object were recorded through observation point and survey in four reclamation locations, but mammals, reptiles, and amphibians as supporting objects were recorded merely through survey. Data on birds was analyzed based on a five minute unit to obtain both relative frequency of presence and that of location utilization, but those of others were analyzed merely to list their presence. Thirty bird species, 1 mammal, 3 reptiles, and 4 amphibians were identified in the reclamation area, but each 1 species of mammal, reptile, and amphibian was not identified yet. Five bird species were always present in every location, although their relative frequencies of presence varied. They could be categorized as pioneer birds in the reclamation area. Nine bird species were found only in a certain locatio
Keanekaragaman Makro-invertebrata di Pantai Sepanjang, Gunungkidul, DI. Yogyakarta
Full text linkMacroinvertebrates is one of bioindicator for aquatic ecosystem. By assessing indicator species, diversity, functional groups of macroinvertebrates community, it is possible to determine water quality. Purpose of this research was to inventory and study the macroinvertebrates species diversity in Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. This research was conducted on Wednesday, November 25th 2014 at Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Sampling points was determined by line transect method. At each transect, sampling with 1x1 m2 plots was done. The data obtained in this study was the result of macro-invertebrates species inventory in each sampling point and the number of individuals of each species. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’). Result of this research showed that there were 63 macroinvertebrates species with 1033 number of individuals found in Sepanjang beach. Result of calculation of Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’) showed the diversity index of macro-invertebrates in Sepanjang beach was 1.24. The diversity index showed that the diversity index of macro-invertebrates in Sepanjang beach categorized by medium diversity
Pencemaran Pb dan Cd pada Hasil Perikanan Laut Tangkapan Nelayan di Sekitar Teluk Jakarta
Full text linkThis research aims to determine the concentration of Pb and Cd in marine fisheries in the Bay of Jakarta, this research began in February-December 2014, the research sites in Jakarta Bay waters. The method used in this research is laboratory test. Sampling of marine fisheries conducted in two periods of time, which are West Monsoon and East Monsoon. Sampling was conducted by buying directly from the fishermen who operate around the Bay of Jakarta with 4 groups of marine fisheries, which are Crustacea, Pisces, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda, each sample was taken 3 replications (triplo). The fishery product that has been collected, then taken to ABICAL (Agro Based Industry Calibration And Analytical Laboratoris) Laboratory Bogor, to test the content of Pb and Cd. Research data is processed by using qualitative descriptive statics. Result of the analysis of the average content of Pb in marine fisheries in Jakarta Bay on East and West monsoon generally undetectable (<0,042), whereas the concentration of Cd found in all types of sample and the highest found in blood cockle (0,747 mg/kg). This situation indicates that Pb and Cd in marine fisheries of Jakarta Bay is still below the treshold set by SNI (2009) of 1 mg/kg. Based on the result of this research concluded that marine fisheries in Jakarta Bay has been accumulated by Cd although the levels are still below the theshold. This indicates the presistence of harmful heavy metal pollution affect the most vulnerable communities around the Jakarta Bay. For that, the government of Jakarta is expected to address flooding in the future, so that the pollutants from around Jabodetabek are not easily contaminate the Jakarta Bay
Apocynoideae dan Asclepiadoideae dari Pegunungan Baturagung (Gunung Nglanggeran, Gunung Mintorogo, Gunung Parangan, Gunung Gedang, Gunung Ijo): Inisiasi Pencirian dan Konservasi
Full text linkFenomena kepunahan jenis tumbuhan mendorong timbulnya kesadaran pentingnya usaha konservasi. Langkah eksplorasi, pendataan dan penelitian mendalam merupakan tonggak awal penentuan strategi konservasi tumbuhan. Tulisan ini mempresentasikan keragaman tumbuhan subfamili Apocynoideae dan Asclepiadoideae di Pegunungan Baturagung Yogyakarta. Sejak eksplorasi tahun 2009 telah diidentifikasi dan ditemukan sekitar 17 species dari anggota subfamili Apocynoideae dan Asclepiadoideae tersebar di Gunung Nglanggeran, Gunung Mintorogo, Gunung Parangan, Gunung Gedang, Gunung Ijo pada wilayah Pegunungan Baturagung Yogyakarta. Species-species tumbuhan tersebut pada umumnya ditemukan dalam populasi yang sangat terbatas, teramankan pada lahan-lahan liar, tebing curam, tepi hutan rakyat, lahan-lahan yang tidak dibuka untuk peladangan. Tumbuhan tersebut hampir tidak dikenali lagi identitasnya oleh masyarakat, terutama yang berhabitus bukan pohon. Informasi yang berkaitan dengan tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut sangat sedikit dalam literatur maupun informasi internet sehingga proses identifikasinya relatif sulit dan bahkan beberapa diantaranya memerlukan publikasi penemuan kembali, redeskripsi, pencirian dan penemuan di Jawa. Identitas dan data taksonomik tumbuhan sangat penting dalam mengawali tindakan konservasi dan pemanfaatannya
Aplikasi Jamur Antagonis Trichoderma viride Terhadap Pengurangan Intensitas Serangan Penyakit Hawar Daun Serta Hasil Tanaman Kentang
Full text linkThe objective of this research was to studi ability of Trichoderma sp. fungal antagonist on reduction leaf blight intensity disease and potato yield. The in vivo experiment was carried out at potato land area located at BALITSA in Cikole Sub District, Lembang District and Bandung Regency. Completely Randomized Design was used with six treatment and five replicates. The treatment tested consist of control (without pathogen fungal and antagonists fungus application too), control (with pathogen fungal application and without antagonist fungal application), chemical fungicide application, antagonist fungal application 2 weeks before planting, application 1 week after planting and both application 2 weeks before and 1 week after planting. Result of the research showed that application of antagonists fungal could decrease disease intensity and tended to improve crop potato yield. Research repeatment with more quantity pouring the antagonist was needed. These antagonist could be used as biological agents initials to control leaf blight disease
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Alkohol Bekonang Menggunakan Proses Fermentasi
Full text linkThis study aims to determine: (1) Wastewater treatment Bekonang alcohol industry using fermentation methods; (2) The content of wastewater alcohol Bekonang; (3) Glucose levels contained in wastewater alcohol Bekonang; (4) The optimum time alcoholic fermentation of liquid industrial waste Bekonang to produce the highest ethanol content. This study used an experimental method. Alcohol industry wastewater comes from Sembung, Bekonang, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo . The first step is to test the alcohol industry wastewater Bekonang with benedict test, Seliwanoff's test and the iodine test. Then analyzing glucose levels using Somogyi Nelson method. The second stage is fermentation process, namely in the form of liquid waste mixing with 0,529 grams of urea, NPK much as 0,106 g and 0,212 g Saccaromyces cerevisiae as to the erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer sealed and allowed to stand for 24 , 48 , 72 , 96 and 120 hours. For the standing variation, waste water settling in advance for 2 , 6 and 10 days and then fermented for 96 hours . The third stage is the process of distillation of the fermented at a temperature of 70-800C. The last stage is to determine the concentration of ethanol by using Gas Chromatography (GC) by comparing the area of standards and an area of the sample. Based on this study it can be concluded that : (1) Waste water treatment Bekonang alcohol industry can use the method of fermentation to produce ethanol again; (2) Alcohol industry wastewater containing dextrin identified by test benedict , Seliwanoff's test and test iodine; (3) Glucose contained in wastewater alcohol Bekonang is 1,3285 %; (4) The optimum time alcoholic fermentation of liquid industrial waste Bekonang is 96 hours due to ethanol results obtained showed the highest ethanol content is 81.83