Jurnal Administrasi Publik
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Mencermati Eksistensi Pelayanan Sektor Publik: Pergeseran Paradigma, Tantangan, Kepemimpinan dan Pemberdayaan
No full textThe development of information technology and the increase of knowledge of Indonesian people are become a demand to the public service institutions to make some improvement. In fact, to make these improvement is not an easy things; in the contrary it is the, hardest thing to do. To achieve these goal leadership is mostly needed. Someone with strong leadership is needed to create empowerment for the institution and its members
Administrative Decentralization and Bureaucratic Reform ; India and Indonesia
No full textThe paper compares the broad outlines of decentralization taking place in India, dating from the last decade of the past century, with that of Indonesia in the first decades of the present one. When appropriate, material from China will be included in the essay. Of the usual subjects of political, administrative, and physical decentralization, the center of focus is on the generally acknowledged least successful in terms of reform, i.e. the civil administration. What the approach lacks in specific details concerning administrative decentralization in the respective republics, it makes up for in the emphasis on the key characteristics of each. Moreover, as public administration tends to reflect the individual countries’ prevailing norms, such an approach tends to be influenced by a new range of literature and researchers whose views challenge accepted wisdom and inspire new lines of thinking on the subject. Justification for the approach comes from expectations that cross fertilization can inspire ideas for a ‘new paradigm and conceptual framework’, ultimately leading to corrective action. The predominance of corruption/dysfunctional administrative behavior is explained by the fact that it draws upon an on-going project dealing with corruption in India and Indonesia, a joint venture of the Humanistic and Economics Faculties at Lund University. Represented by among others the author and Prof. Neelambar Hatti, the project has its origins in an earlier Lund-Parahyangan University project on Public Administration (1999-2006). The paper opens by listing several of the more important contrasts between Indian, Indonesian, and Chinese decentralization. These include governmental structure, respective colonial heritage, and the focus of decentralization efforts. A short summary of the process of decentralization drawing upon the work of the Lund corruption project follows. The heart of the paper is the question of whether administrative decentralization furthers, hinders, or is neutral with regard to bureaucratic reform in theory and practice. Weighing up successes and failures leads to consideration of continued, if not higher, levels of corruption/dysfunctional behavior at all levels. Possible improvements are postulated, not surprisingly originating from the application of principles derived from New Public Management (NPM), with a couple of new wrinkles from India. These and other types of reform depend on general public engagement, which is conspicuous by its absence in Indonesia, especially in comparison with India’s recent mass demonstrations, hunger-strikes, and high-level public condemnation of (mega) public corruption. Key words:Administrative decentralization, bureaucratic reform, comparative public administration, corruption, India, Indonesi
Facilitative Mediation on The Impasse in Papua
No full textIn regard to political aspirations shown by many Papuans and supporters and the ideal objective of mediation as a peaceful process of conflict management, this paper raises two questions: firstly, how is the likelihood of a third-party mediation to take place in Papua? Secondly, if a mediation facilitated by international actors took place in Papua, how should it be pursued? The objective of this paper is to investigate the opportunity for a third-party mediation to take place in Papua and for the problems in the region to be settled properly. This research will be guided by a synthesis of structural and social-psychological perspectives of third party mediation which emphasises not only the importance of resolving the problems but also the significance of improving communication between conflicting parties in seeking acceptable and applicable agreements. With such a perspective this research will examine how biased and facilitative mediation is able to frame the mediation and bring the low-intensity of conflict but complex problems in Papua to a sustainable peace settlement.This paper shows optimism that the problems in Papua can be settled peacefully. It also provides ground for an internationally mediated negotiation to happen for the GoI and Papuans find peaceful settlements. Based on both theoretical ground as well as empirical observation, the protracted but low-level conflict in the region is overlapped by security and development problems. Instead of continuing the fight and allowing the problems unsettled, the parties of GoI and Papuans believed that the problems to be better settled in peace, including the possibility of third party mediated negotiation. While the Papuans, supported by other parties outside Papua, have called for the international community to facilitate negotiation or dialogue between the GoI and Papuans, the GoI is hesitant. A third party mediator that could preserve the territorial integrity of Indonesia and at the same time protect and promote the lives of Papuans is the key for a mediated negotiation take place in Papua and be successful.Key words: conflict resolution, third-party mediation, international relations, Papu
Profil Birokrasi Pemerintahan Dalam Semangat Otonomi Daerah
No full textSumber daya manusia birokrasi pemerintahan daerah merupakan salah satu sentral permasalahan dalam era otonomi daerah. Sumber daya manusia birokrasi dengan mutu yang rendah, bagaimanapun, tidak akan mampu merumuskan kebijakan publik yang berkualitas dan mencapai kinerja optimal, apalagi jika tidak memiliki moralitas yang terpuji dan tanggung jawab atas profesinya. Di samping sumber daya manusia, juga terdapat dimensi lain yang menentukan potret birokrasi pemerintahan, seperti : struktur, kultur, prosedur dan figur yang kesemuanya belum kondusif bagi birokrasi pemerintahan daerah untuk melaksanakan otonomi daerah.Untuk itu diperlukan usaha-usaha pemberdayaan birokrasi untuk membenahi potret birokrasi pemerintahan yang wajahnya makin carut marut. Satu hal penting ialah kemauan elit politik dan pemerintahan untuk menempatkan profesionalisme di atas yang lain. Ini dapat dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa upaya pembenahan seperti: sistem manajemen kepegawaian, proses seleksi pegawai, netralitas birokrasi, gaya hidup birokrasi, budaya kerja birokrasi. Pembenahan dilakukan secara simultan dan menyeluruh di semua lini melalui review seluruh pejabat publik oleh badan independen, misalnya, Komite Etika PNS independen, jujur dan non partisan yang keanggotaannya diakses dari berbagai kalangan
Good Regulatory Governance Sebagai Wujud Akuntabilitas Pelayanan Publik
No full textAutonomy, at the moment, misinterpreted as auto-money; is providing money as much as possible for the local autonomy government. Therefore, since UU No. 22 tahun 1999 is implemented, a lot of local regulation problems has emerged, especially entail to local taxes and local retributions that may distort economic activities. Some cases in West Java Province, Kota Bandung, Kabupaten Garut, Kabupaten Ciamis, and also Kabupaten Cirebon showed the problem. To prevent the appearance of local regulations problem, experiences in some state, such as : United States of America, Australian, English, Denmark, Dutch, and Japan, they run a cheerful concept Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA), as a representation of Good Regulatory Governance. There are four matters which are need to be paid attention in policy formulation --especially entail to local taxes and retributions-- namely: The Principle of Competitive Neutrality, The Principle of Minimum Effective Regulations, The Principle of Transparency Participation and The Principle of Costs-Benefits Effectiveness
Pembenahan Strategi Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Aparatur Sebagai Upaya Mendongkrak Kinerja Birokrasi Pemerintahan
No full textThere have been so many kinds of training and development designed to improve the professionalism of government apparatus on managing public organization and delivering public services. The results, however, still show ineffectiveness. Based on this fact, this article try to give some suggestions on designing competence-based training. This training should be designed appropriate with strategic planning of the organization that there is a guarantee for good performance of the organization could be achieved. Besides, the training should be arranged with quality control mechanism by evaluation model on reaction level, behavioral level and result level. T his mechanism will support good feedback for training quality improvement.Kata Kunci: diktat, kompetensi, rencana strategis, model evaluas
Signifikansi Struktur, Kultur, Prosedur, Dan Figur Dalam Reformasi Administrasi Publik Daerah Otonom
No full textKegagalan Orde Baru dalam menangani krisis multibidang tahun 1997-1999, telah menimbulkan gerakan reformasi yang menuntut perubahan pada segala bidang. Dilihat dari sifat dan prosesnya proses reformasi administrasi publik di Indonesia termasuk proses perubahan yang bersifat “discontinues” dengan pendekatan strategi penciptaan ulang atau pembuatan kesisteman yang baru. Dengan demikian diperlukan proses transformasi yang sistemik, komprehensif dan holistik serta perlu adanya langkah-langkah strategis dalam penyehatan organisasi. Struktur, kultur, prosedur dan figur merupakan dimensi-dimensi strategis baik sebagai input maupun output dan proses perubahan administrasi publik.UU Otonomi Daerah lahir sebagai salah satu wujud dan proses reformasi administrasi publik yang diskontinyu. Dikaji dari berbagai dimensi strategis di atas, menunjukkan bahwa, dari elemen struktur masih terdapat paradoks dimana unsur pusat dan propinsi masih enggan melepaskan kewenangan dalam bidang pemerintahan kepada daerah Kabupaten dan Kota. Dari dimensi kultur, masih ada hambatan seperti budaya kerja Orde Baru yang tidak inovatif, ketidakjelasan aturan, egoisme kedaerahan serta aktivitas anggota DPRD yang lebih berorientasi ke uang. Dari elemen prosedur, masih terlihat tuntutan daerah akan otonomi yang lebih besar. Disamping itu koordinasi propinsi dengan kabupaten/kota menjadi sulit karena terputusnya hirarki kedua tingkat pemerintahan tersebut. Masalah lain dari dimensi kultur adalah adanya ketidakpuasan daerah atas sistem bagi hasil sumber-sumber seperti yang ditetapkan. Dilihat dari elemen yang terakhir yaitu figur kepemimpinan, dirasakan masih belum adanya komitmen yang kuat dari kepemimpinan pusat atas pelaksanaan desentralisasi. Dalam level daerah, belum didukung adanya mekanisme kepemimpinan yang visioner.Berbagai persoalan dalam empat elemen di atas menunjukkan beragam masalah dalam implementasi pelaksanaan reformasi pemerintahan daerah, sehingga bisa diambil sebagai pelajaran dan kajian evaluasi lebih lanjut
Kompetensi Aparatur Dalam Pelaksanaan Desentralisasi Dan Otonomi Daerah
No full textHistorically, there are rules that followed pasal 18 UUD 1945. the arise of rules No 22 and 25 /1999 based on TAP MPR No XV/MPR/1998, it is occurred because there are many constraints that are facing by the rules No 5/1974 and then opportunities that are realized by the government and the representative of the people to exercise decentralization and autonomy. The opportunities are realized by them, such as the effort of reformation, the strong need of democratization and decentralization, free trade, globalization etc.Rule No 22/1999 explicitely separate the autonomy between the central government and the local govemment. it is also declare the autonomy of the local government is to manage it\u27s own region in order to the public service in it\u27s own region.The rule No 25/1999 is made to complete the rule No 22/1999. Local government should realized that autonomy which is given to the local government costly. Local government should reanalyze and reidentify the source of the local income to increase local income and in order to exercise decentralization.The exercise of decentralization needed financial decentralization, it means that government need human resources that are competent and professional to increase the source of the local income and how to used it in local region. Education and trainings is a tool that can be used to increase the capabilities of the apparatus. Should be note, that the education and the training that are exercised before is not a good tool because it can fullfilled the need of their task. So education and training that will be used should be analyzed it\u27s own goals, such as what is the standard to become a good civil servant. The civil servant that are competent and professional is one of the basic tools that can help local government to increase public service and public welfare
POLITIK DAN BIROKRASI: Reposisi Peran Birokrasi Publik dalam Proses Politik Lokal
No full textBased on assumption that is politics and administration does not differents, this paper will be analyzed interrelation between politics and bureaucracy. This is a classical themes in public administration. But, after Indonesian government carrying out decentralization policy under UU No. 22 Tahun 1999, it is very interesting to elaborate this themes. Why? Because of decentralization policy have several impact to local political process. For example, legislative institution have more power than before. In this case, we can say that - in the hypothetic manner - legislative institution (as a real manifestation of politics) tend to donimated decision making process. For bureaucracy, it is not a good news. Under New Order regime, bureaucracy institution was very stronger than legislative institution. According to this change, this paper will be examined what it\u27s the meaning of this change, especially when we search for the better understanding on politic-bureaucracy nexus. This paper will be focuse on three questions: (1) what is the implication of these change to bureaucratic reform of local government; what is the imperative process for bureaucratic government reform; (2) deal with to justice values, how to carrying out these reform
Pengembangan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di Daerah
No full textThe Objective of Local Government is mainly to provide basic services in order to improve local community wellbeings. In Indonesia, the local government apparatus do not understand well about the issue of quality services, as they primarily give more attention on the issue of local revenues, based on local taxation and retribution. This has resulted in quality of services provided by most local authorities, that local community can hardly satisfied. With regards to such condition, the writer reccommends the local government to improve their quality of public services by establishing standards of quality public services and develop the capacity of local government aparatus to implement and to maintain excellences in the provision of local public services. In order to do that, the local governments need to understand the concept of excellence in public service, the principles in developing Minimum Standards of Public Services, and the model of quality services gaps.“With service excellence, everyone wins.Customers win. Employee win. Management wins.Stockholders win. Community win. The Country Wins.”(Zeithaml et.al.,1990: 2