Jurnal Administrasi Publik
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Modern Indonesian Administration: Collegial, Abdi-Dalem, Rational-, or Ideological- Bureaucratic?
No full textMeskipun rezim Suharto telah Jatuh) selama lebih dari dua tahun dan Indonesia telah melaksanakan pemilu yang paling adil selama setengab abad usia kemerdekaan, namun tetap belum juga muncul hasil yang cukup berarti dalam reformasi di Indonesia. Tipe birokrasi Indonesia diduga telah menjadi factor penyebab kemandegan langkah reformasi ini. Tulisan ini mencoba mencari penjelasan mengenai sebab-sebab buruknya implementasi kebijakan dari akar kesejarahan yaitu dari keterbatasan-keterbatasan kelembagaan.Kata kunci : collegial, abdi dalem, rational bureau, ideological burea
Perpektif Kritis Kebijakan Pembaharuan Agraria Indonesia dari Rejim Orde Baru ke Rejim Reformasi
No full textThe agrarian problems in Indonesia have revealed the various gaps of resources occupation which has received inadequate atttention by the regimes throughout the time. The anaysis of agrarian reform history in Indonesia has expounded the sistemic state suppression toward the public. The characteristics and patterns of the existing agrarian policy have illustrated the resonance of many ideological struggles happening at the macro praxis level of development. The public struggle, manifested in various communal property right is fronted by the state who is highly productive in making hegemonic public policies in the social setting arena. The horizon of this struggle is characterized by a tug and war between the state center approch views and the society center approach views with some stream variants. Analysis has shown the different articulation values between the Old Order and new Order regimes. In the light of class analytic approach, the Old Order regime put more emphasis on a more populous agrarian policies based on neo-Marxist views. The New Order dominantly implement agrarian policies which are based on state center perspectives with the choice of state interest approach, strengtened by policies which take the side of liberal capitalist with growing systemic repression level. The Reform regime uses advocacy coalition framework approach for agrarian policy. The most important hypotetical implication of this analysis is if the state functions are not capable in becoming the articulator of public policy, the public itself will pursue collective policy which is known as land-reform by leverage.Kata kunci : state center approach, society center approach, land reform by leverage, agrarian reform, advocacy coalitio
Akuntabilitas NGO dan Kontrol Publik
No full textIn the essence of NGO as living organization in public domain which is born from the public, acted as public agent and perform the mission on behalf of public, actually the public have the right to demand its accountibility. The accountability of NGO should be horizontally and vertically spread out into interrelated stakeholder. The expected accountability should be supported by the responsibility of their actions in the midst of public. The accountability will be effective if supported by trust and political will from the whole of stakeholder, so the accountability will manifest as founded control interaction on the base of positif social value of public. Kata Kunci : akuntabilitas NGO, publik, trust, good governanc
Kesiapan Masyarakat Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Langsung
No full textThe system of Directly Regional Head Election (Pilkada) will be held in Indonesia constitute the expected process to enhance the quality of democratization in this country. Nevertheless there is still a hesitation related to opinion about unreadiness of public to be involved in pilkada. This paper put the public Indonesian factual practices forward to neutralize the hesitation. There are some theoritical approach explained as tool of analysis to predict the active actualization of voters behavior in Indonesia.Kata kunci : pilkada, demokratisasi, partisipasi politik, kesiapan pemilih dan prilaku pemilih
RELEVANSI KEBIJAKAN HUMAN-CENTERED DEVELOPMENT DAN PERBAIKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KUALITAS SUMBERDAYA MANUSIA INDONESIA
No full textSumber daya manusia yang mandiri dan memiliki rasionalitas yang tinggi untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup merupakan syarat mutlak yang harus dimiliki Indonesia untuk survive di era globalisasi. Namun demikian kebijakan pembangunan yang selama ini ditempuh Indonesia justru telah menempatkan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam area subordinatif dibandingkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sehingga upaya pengembangan yang dilakukan tidaklah memperhatikan harkat dan martabatnya sebagai manusia. Pemaknaan sumber daya manusia dalam hirarki semacam ini tentunya menempatkan Indonesia pada posisi rawan dalam kancah persaingan global. Kondisi inilah yang mendorong beralihnya paradigma pembangunan Indonesia pada paradigma human-centered development yang memberikan penekanan pada pembangunan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang kritis dan inovatif agar mampu mengaktualisasikan potensi diri sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat kemanusiaannya.Tulisan ini memandang bahwa upaya pemerintah untuk memperbaiki kualitas pendidikan haruslah diarahkan pada perbaikan dalam tiga hal yakni peningkatan kualitas tenaga pengajar, perbaikan kurikulum dan manajemen pendidikan. Ketiga upaya pembenahan tersebut diterjemahkan ke dalam program yang lebih konkrit berupa pencanangan visi pendidikan 2004 yang disertai dengan peningkatan anggaran pendidikan, pemberlakuan kurikulum berbasis kompetensi, Gerakan Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan serta pemberlakuan otonomi pendidikan. Program-program tersebut diharapkan akan mampu menciptakan manusia Indonesia yang memiliki kompetensi akhlak, moral, pengetahuan, kemampuan, sikap dan perilaku kehidupan yang menguatkan mereka sebagai individu dan anggota masyarakat serta bangsa
Keuangan Publik Dan Sumber Daya Manusia
No full textAlthough decentralization and autonomy is exercised since Indonesian republic is formed, but they are not developed such as in West Countries, because it is not a panacea for the ill state or especially local government. Theoritically, there are many prerequisites of decentralization and autonomy that should called attention to the civil servants whose governed the local government. Many theoriticians written down about decentralization, included the advantages and disadvantages of it, the prerequisites should be fulfilled to apply it.Decentralization means that there are transfer of authority and responsibility in public function from central government to local government, other semi public agenda and also to the private sector. Also there are opinion about form and type of decentralization. The interesting things is the type of decentralization which divided decentralization into 4 types namely political, administrative, fiscal, economic and market decentralization.The aim of fiscal decentralization is to transfer the source of the financial to local such as the right to own and manage their own properties and the right to manage their human resources. But it is restricted by the upper rules, the well being of the people and should be applied properly.Local government give more attention to how they can earn more revenue than how to used it. Actually many infraction is occurred in the expenditures area. Local government is facing constraint with the fiscal decentralization relating with the source of the revenue. Central government still have right to attract revenue from local government, the effect is the state give balance aid to complete APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah). So central government still become the importance role in public decentralizationThe expenditure part in APBD is consist of two parts, routine budget and development budget. In reality, both of them is used for the sake of the local government itself. Nowadays the routine budget is bigger than development budget. All of this constraint can be suremount if, the local government has human resources that competent in their tasks. Once again central government didn\u27t give a guide to the local government about the national Employee System, the effect is the local government can use by their own way about how to manage their civil servants
Anatomi Manajamen Publik dalam Konteks Perubahan di Indonesia Pascareformasi
No full textThere are three kinds of societies : high trust society, low trust society and zero trust society or distrust society. Indonesia tries to achieve democratization, therefore should provide civil liberties and political rights to all citizens, unfortunately in the Suharto’s regime those were not exist. Government only accommodate certain groups: entrepreneurs, bureaucrats and military.Many books reveal ways to change the authoritarian government to democratic government. Role of the elite, society involvement, and mix between elites and societies. Huntington mentioned three scenarios should be used. Transformation, replacements and transplacements. According to Larry, external intervention could be used to make the change.At the end of the 20th century, Indonesia has most dramatic political experience. Reformation Era arises and supported by the arises of freedom to speak (at the pers level). After five years of the transition time, many questions emerge and need answers. Where the reformation is leading? Indonesian citizen think that democratic movement is not congruence with many people wished and may be get worse than Suharto’s regime. The writer proposes the continuing new democratic way to support the reformation process. Based on that, the writer focuses on several problems. Civil society, local autonomy relate to socio economic development, civil-military relationship, gender and women representatives
Komunikasi Pemerintahan : Mengirim dan Menerima Informasi Tugas dan Informasi Publik
No full textGovernment communication is one of the important element in public organization, which is become a part of organizational communication. In the context of organizational communication, government communication can be separated by internal communication and external communication. Internal communication have a lot of purposes like sending and receiving task information between administrator and staff External communication intend to sending public information from administrator and staff to public and privat sector, instrument of administrative accountability to the public and also accomodating public opinion. In the Orde Baru era, there were dominated kind of the way which is communication exist, that are downward and upward communication. Government communication in good governance dominating by responsiveness, transparency, participation, and accountability. Blockages in communication could be eliminated by using the ‘right’ language, eliminating barriers and having knowledge about the audience, the message and the medium.Kata kunci : government communication, internal, external communicatio
REVITALIZE AND REPOSITION INDONESIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, THE LEGACY OF LAW
No full textTulisan ini mencoba menggunakan pendekatan atau perspektif historis dalam upaya untuk mencari model yang asli untuk pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Dengan pendekatan historis ditelusuri pelaksanaan administrasi publik yang bersumber dari adat istiadat Jawa, masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda dan Masa Republik pada tahun 1945. Pendekatan administrasi yang digunakan dalam adat istiadat Jawa adalah konsensus dan dekrit. Dalam pemerintahan Hindia Belanda terjadi penggabungan antara adat-istiadat dengan berbagai ketentuan yang dikembangkan oleh Belanda. Dalam era Republik terjadi tarik menarik antara peraturan yang bersifat positivisme dan romantisme. Model yang diajukan adalah adanya kombinasi antara adat, peraturan yang berlaku dalam masa kolonial dan peraturan yang dihasilkan dari penguasa yang ada sekarang ini
Health Policies Under The Special Autonomy Regime : An Evaluation Using Health Indicators
No full textIndonesian Law No.21/2001 on Special Autonomy regulates special autonomy given to the Province of Papua. Articles 59 and 60 of the law articulates the obligations of the provincial government to provide quality health care, prevent and manage endemic and life-threatening diseases, and improve the nutritional status of the people of Papua in cooperation with religious organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other qualified establishments. This study intends to evaluate health policies under the special autonomy law and its effects towards health indicators such as doctor to patient ratio, number of health facilities, infectious diseases, nutritional status and health programs including antenatal care, vaccination, birth planning and labor assisted by health professionals by collecting and examining statistics on the topics above.It reveals that budget allocated for health purposes is significantly increase from IDR 87,239,000,000 in 2002 (15.9% from total allocated budget) to 33,7% (862,383,000,000) in 2006 and has been utilized to improve health facilities both in quality and quantity.Wide range available secondary data are used and analyzed. It is concluded that, physical health infrastructure were built across the provinces. however, the implementation of health policies under the 2001 Special Autonomy Law does not translate into satisfying results using known health indicators.Keywords: special autonomy, health budget, health indicators, Papua