Hemera Zoa
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MP-11 Eimeria pragensis Induce Immune Mediated Intestinal Hypomotility in C57BL/6 Mice
Get PDFThe manifestation of intestinal dysmotility of coccidiosis has never been briefly reported before. From murine Eimeria study we concluded that Eimeria pragensis (Ep) is capable to induce intestinal hypomotility described to be similar to pan-enteric ileus.In comparison with the intestinal dysmotility in postoperative ileus which is orchestrated by TH1 immune response [1], a local injury to some part of intestine could trigger pan-enteric ileus. If the TH1 immune response could also be induced in Ep infection, the delay in intestinal motility could be explained as similar mechanism as the post-operative ileus. Since the Ep infestation occurred in the ileocecal part of the intestines, with similar mechanism of post-operative ileus, the pan-enteric ileus could be triggered. In this study, we tried to find a relationship between intestinal dysmotility and TH1 immune response in murine coccidiosis
FA-9 Reproductive Efficiency of Brahman Cross Cattle Using Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen from Bali, Brahman, Limousin, and Simmental Cattle
Get PDFDemand and consumpsion of beef meat increases every year in Indonesia. The increase of demand is not followed by the availability supply of beef cattle production nationaly. Statistical data from Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan Indonesia showed that on the year of 2016 the demand of beef was 604.968 ton and the production of beef was only 354.770 ton. The goverment imported of beef and cattle to fulfill the lack of supply, as of 2016 there was 116.761 ton beef and 1.298.560 cattle imported to Indonesia(1).Indonesia has determined to achieve beef self–sufficiency by 2024. To achieve that goal the goverment want to increase the cattle population nationaly by requiring the cattle and buffalo farm industry to oblige the breeding programe. The goverment made some policy including Upsus SIWAB and an obligation of the feedloters of imported cattle to do breeding. According to PERMENTAN no 49 thn 2016 and it’s add on PERMENTAN no 2 thn 2017, importation of beef cattle must meet the ratio 1:5 between breeding cattle and feeder cattle.Reproductive efficiency is a parameter used to determine the success of breeding programe. Reproductive eficiency is a measure of the ability if a cow to become pregnant and produce offspring(2). Optimalization of reproductive efficiency can be one of means to increase national cattle population.Brahman Cross is one of the most common imported cattle breed to Indonesia. Husbandry and reproductive management play an important role to achieve the best result on cattle breeding programe. Feedloters who conduct breeding programe of Brahman Cross cattle (Breedlot) have the capacity and potential to increase the reproductive efficiency of their breeding programe due to they have capital and good management. Thus it is important to assess and measure the reproductive efficiency of Brahman Cross cattle artificially inseminated with frozen semen to increase the reproductive efficiency of beef cattle in the Breedlot
PAT-5 Update: Q Fever in Indonesia
Get PDFQ Fever is zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular obligate and negative Gram bacterium with pleomorphic shape (Kaplan and Bertagna 1955). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classify Coxiella burnetii as potential bioterrorism agent within B rank for its ability and characteristics (CDC 2013).The main reservoir animals for Q fever are ruminants (Maurin and Raoult 1999). Q fever infection whether in animal or human generally occur through inhalation, vector bites, or through oral ingestion—the last two routes are considered as secondary routes (Angelakis and Raoult 2010). Clinical symptoms of Q fever in both animal and human generally asymptomatic. Q fever can cause abortion in the third trimester of pregnancy and pneumonia in ruminants. Whether in human, acute Q fever can cause flu like syndrome and can develop into hepatitis, endocarditis, and for some severe chronic case, it caused death (Fournier et al. 1998). Office international des epizooties (OIE) classify Q fever into a re-emerging disease group (OIE 2010). Based on OIE data in 2012, the distribution of Q fever in animals occur in almost all country in the world including ASEAN (OIE 2012).Q fever was first discovered in Australia in 1935 (Kaplan and Bertagna 1955). Q fever disease transmission in animal occurs almost in every country in the world. Based on OIE data, Indonesia was classified as no information region (OIE 2012). World Health Organization (WHO) reported that Q fever was first found in cow serologically in Indonesia in 1953 (Kaplan and Bertagna 1955). Q fever in ruminants was again reported by Indonesian researcher between 2006 to 2015 in Bali, West Java, Jakarta, and Medan (Mahatmi et al. 2007; Setiyono et al. 2008; Nasution et al. 2015).Positive Q fever result was obtained especially from ex imported cows, thus it was suspected that cows from abroad might play main role of transmission of Q fever in Indonesia. However, there was also report of positive result in local ruminants, such as Bali cattle, goat, and sheep (Mahatmi et al. 2007). Researches in various country also stated of potential local ruminant as reservoir animal, among them are Tibet sheep in China, Alpine and Saanen goat in Italia, camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Saudi Arabia, or Swedish dairy cattle in Swedia (Mohammed et al. 2014). Based on the historical study of Q fever in Indonesia, this research was performed by taken sample from both ex-import cattle and local ruminants in several region in East Java (Malang, Surabaya, Madura), Central Java (Boyolali), and West Java (Bogor, Bandung, Depok) which are known as regions with high population of ruminants in Indonesia. So far, surveillance data of Q fever has not been recorded from these regions
PCS-8 Oyster Shell Powder as Alternatives Macromineral for Synthetic Testosterone
Get PDFOyster is one of seafood produced in waters, especially in eastern Indonesia. During this time, oyster is known as aphrodisiac agents, an agent that can increase sexual appetite because it can remind testosterone levels and very high nutrient content of zinc, vitamin A iron, calcium, and selenium are also Vitamins A and Vitamin B12. Therefore, the oyster is known as the mineral\u27s potent testosterone-boosting abilities (Matsuda et al., 2003). Zinc is also very important, it can be used as a stimulant of enzymes, hormones and the immune system.Due to the abundance of oysters in Indonesia, only meat of oyster is consumed, while the existing shells are never used to consume and just thrown away. Therefore, a research plan will be made on the use of oyster shell waste, as a precursor of testosterone in Rat (Rattus norvegicus). Since many kinds of oyster, it would be compared among three kinds of oyster shell namely Kerang darah (Anadara granosa), Kerang hijau (Perna viridis) and Kerang keong (Telescopium telescopium).Based on function, Zn inhibits aromatase enzyme which convert estradiol to testosterone as a consequence, testosterone levels will increase (Michell et al. 2012).The purpose of this study were to determine the highest content of Zn among the three types of oyster shell; 2. To measure testosterone levels in rat after given shell powder containing highest Zn
PCS-14 Potential Reproductive Adaptation of Mice (Mus musculus) from Mild Stress using Dark Light Cycle Alteration
Get PDFStress regarded as a major cause of body destruction. Stress can trigger the gluconeogenesis mechanism that initiates new glucose production from another molecule in the body’s storage tissue depot. When the stress occurs, the body gives a ‘fight or flight’ response. In this condition, the body prioritizes to survive rather than multiplying itself. The reproductive system categorized as the highest rank in the body needs pyramid. Therefore, the reproductive system is on the first line to be sacrificed when the stress occurs.This research was conducted to observe the potential mice\u27s reproductive adaptation from mild stress using dark light cycle alteration. Mice considered as the small laboratory animal with rapid metabolism rate. This study expected to be able to enrich the information of mice’s biology reproductive adaptation
PF-11 Isolation and Identification of Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens of Bat Guano from Liang Bukal and Liang Petang Cave on Sumbawa Island
Get PDFBats are important reservoirs of many bacteria. The occurrence of infectious diseases that caused by Gram-negative bacteria has increased the interest in bats as potential reservoir hosts of many bacteria. Several bacteria, including Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, and Bartonella spp were isolated from wild bats in various country [1]. Despite the fact that little is known about the bats as a reservoir of gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Sumbawa, Indonesia.Gram-negative bacteria can cause human disease was isolated from fresh bat guano of Rousettus leschenaultii at the Robber’s Cave, Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra, India, including Escherichia coli, Yersinia, Enterobacter and Proteus [2]. In Pakistan, Gram-negative bacteria like Salmonella and Pseudomonas, Bartonella, and Klebsiella was isolated from guano of Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) [3].Bat guano was used as fertilizer with a farmer in Sumbawa Island. So, Close contact between human and bat guano, it is possible the gram-negative bacteria from guano can infect the human. The present study reported that close contact with both domestic animals and humans, contaminating houses with guano and urine, additionally, humans occasionally encroach into bat habitats [4].Sumbawa Island has many caves for breeding place of bats. Identification of gram-negative bacterial pathogens from bat caves which are a risk to human, animal and environment health on Sumbawa Island is needed as early detection of the presence of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens from bat guano
PF-17 The Development of Crude Testicular Cells in In Vitro Culture
Get PDFSpermatogenesis is a continuous process in which spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) develop into specific germ cells before terminally differentiating to form spermatozoa. The process is supported by Sertoli cells, which are in close contact with germ cells in the seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells provide essential hormonal signals, nutrients, and physical support to germ cells for successful spermatogenesis.The crude testicular cells (CTC) contains many cell types, like Sertoli cell, Leydig cell, spermatogonial stem cell (SSC), spermatocyte and other testicular somatic cells (Shah et all. 2016). Testicular cells are believed to secrete various growth factors that induced the spermatogenesis process. The spermatogonial stem cells are unique population of cells in the male testis, which dual function. First self-renewing their population to maintain the number of stem cells, secondary function is differentiating into spermatids in testis (Wang et al. 2015).Spermatogenic cells differentiation needed the similar microenvironment in vivo spermatogenesis. The essential nutrients was collected from healty culture and the culture contained mixed population of cells both the somatic cells and spermatogenic cells. To identification the spermatogenic cells using Periodic Acid Schifft (PAS) staining (Chang et al. 2011). The present study examined the development of crude testicular cells using PAS staining
PF-20 Successful Surgical Restoration with Enterorrhaphy after Rectal Prolapse in Experimental Animals
Get PDFComplete rectal prolapse is the protrusion of the entire thickness of the rectal wall through the anal sphincter complex. Women aged 50 and older are 6 times as likely as men to present rectal prolapse. Two thirds of women patients are multiparous and 15 to 30% report associated urinary dysfunction and vaginal prolapse.The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been used increasingly in recent years for studies in bio-medical fields. The primate institute in National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Japan was founded in 2005. Since then the number of marmoset gradually increased and 320 to 350 marmosets were housed in 2012. Averaged number of housed marmosets throughout the period is about 300. In the history of the institute, two cases of traumatic rectal prolapse, which had not been reported in marmosets, were found. This paper reports the etiology and the possible surgical treatment of marmoset rectal prolapse
KIVFA-1 Prevalensi Japanese Encephalitis pada Ternak Babi di Beberapa Lokasi Peternakan di Sulawesi Utara
Get PDFJapanese encephalitis adalah penyakit viral zoonotik yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh arbovirus (arthropod borne virus) yaitu dari famili Flavivirus yang menyerang susunan sayaraf pusat (Central Nervus System). Di alam, virus ini dapat bertahan hidup dalam tubuh unggas liar (seperti pada bangsa burung bangau) dan juga hewan-hewan lainnya, terutama pada hewan babi. Infeksi pada manusia, virus tersebut dapat menyebabkan penyakit syaraf yang serius. Gejala umum penyakit tersebut antara lain seperti: sakit kepala, demam tinggi, leher terasa kaku (kaku kuduk), pergerakan yang tidak normal (tremor dan kejang-kejang pada anak-anak), mengganggu kesadaran dan koma. Tingkat keparahan (Case Fatality Rate) dari penyakit ini berkisar 20% - 40%. (Anonim, 2006).Virus J. encephalitis adalah virus yang dikelompokkan ke dalam Arbovirus (Arthropod Borne Virus) tipe B, sehingga sering disebut sebagai penyakit Japanese B Encephalitis. Nama virus ini adalah Flavivirus encephalitis. Selain menyerang manusia, virus ini dapat menyerang pada kelompok ternak seperti: kuda, keledai dan babi. Pada kelompok hewan lainnya, virus inipun dapat menyerang, seperti: sapi, kambing, kucing dan anjing, namun dengan gejala penyakit yang tidak spesifikAgen penyakit J. encephalitis dapat disebarkan melalui gigitan nyamuk yang terinfeksi sebagai vektor. Pada ternak babi yang terinfeksi, virus ini akan menyebar ke seluruh tubuh melalui peredaran darah (viremia) dalam kadar yang tinggi dan dalam waktu yang relatif lama. Oleh sebab itu, ternak babi merupakan hewan reservoir (Amplify Host) yang penting bagi penyebaran penyakit ini (Anonimous, 2011). Manusia merupakan dead-end bagi penularan virus J. encephalitis, karena viremia yang terjadi cepat dalam peredaran darah. Viremia pada penderita hanya beberapa jam saja sehingga sulit ditularkan ke orang lain. Siklus pemularan yang penting untuk suatu tingkat endemisitas suatu daerah adalah siklus penularan di hewan terutama pada babi yang didukung oleh populasi nyamuk sebagai vektor penyakit J. encephalitis. Beberapa penelitian berhasil menunjukkan bahwa babi dianggap sebagai reservoir utama penularan virus Japanese di Indonesia,Tidak adanya gejala klinis yang khas dari penyakit J. encephalitis pada hewan. diagnosa sulit dilakukan, sehingga pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap penyakit J. encephalitis mutlak diperlukan (Sendow dkk., 2000). Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dapat dilakukan meliputi pemeriksaan serologis, seperti uji inhibisi haemaglutinasi, netralisasi serum atau ELISA. Untuk mendeteksi adanya antibodi yang ditimbulkan oleh infeksi alami virus J. encephalitis, maka metode ELISA merupakan salah satu uji spesifik yang dapat dipakai sebagai diagnosa serologis terhadap adanya antibodi J. encephalitis (Hadi dkk, 2011).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran, prevalensi dan besarnya angka infeksi virus J. encephalitis pada ternak babi dengan mendeteksi adanya antibody J. encephalitis menggunakan uji Competitve Enzyme Lingked Immuno Assay (C-ELISA). Dengan diketahuinya penyebaran infeksi virus J. encephalitis pada babi di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, secara tidak langsung bisa dijadikan sebagai indikator kemungkinan adanya ancaman penularan virus J. encephalitis ke manusia, apalagi bila lokasi peternakan babi berdekatan dengan pemukiman penduduk.Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 4 (empat) lokasi kandang di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, dengan mendeteksi adanya antibodi yang ditimbulkan oleh infeksi alami virus J. encephalitis
PF-29 Worms Infestation in Stray Cats at North Bogor
Get PDFStray cats population are high in Indonesia, including in North Bogor area which is a part of Bogor City. North Bogor is the fourth largest area of 6 districts in the city of Bogor. North Bogor are an area of industrial with a lot of factories and housing. This vast area of North Bogor is a suitable place to live for stray cats. Stray cats can easy to breed and adapt in any environment. This is some of the factors in the increasing population of stray cats in North Bogor. Stray cats have a high interaction human life. The existence of this stray cats has the potential to cause zoonotic disease for humans. One of the problems caused by stray cats is the presence of zoonotic parasitic worms. Stray cats have the potential for occurrence of worm infections [1]. Research on zoonotic worm infections in stray cats is still rarely performed in Indonesia when compared to domesticated cats [2,3,4]. Specific worm infection studies such as Toxocara cati have been done in pet cats in Bogor city [5] and in Denpasar City, Bali [2,3] but have not been done to stray cats in the City of Bogor. For that it requires more studies on infection of worms in stray cats in the city of Bogor. This study aims to identify worms in stray cats in the area of North Bogor