Makara Journal of Health Research
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Characterization of Adenocarcinoma’s Autofluorescence Properties Using Multiexcitation Analysis Method
No full textGeneral purpose of this research is to get an early cancer detection method based on the properties of optical analysis between normal and adenocarsinoma tissue using the multiexcitation autofluorescence method. Observation of autofluorescence properties was done on the biopsy sample of adenocarcinoma tissues, GR mice transplanted by adenocarsinoma, and cell culture SM 1. Excitation on tissue was done by using the lamp Light Emitting Diode (LED) at some visible light wavelength range. This research obtained that the value of Intensity Auto fluorescence (IAF) at range red wavelength of cells and adenocarsinoma tissues tend to lower compared to the cells normal tissues if its were excited by blue LED. On the contrary, the value of IAF at infra red wavelength from cells and carcinoma tissues tend to higher compared to the cells and normal tissues if its were excited by red LED
Antibacterial Activity of Siwak (Salvadora persica Linn.) against Streptococcus mutans (ATC31987) and Bacteroides melaninogenicus
No full textDental diseases with high prevalences in Indonesia and also in some other countries are periodontitis and caries. Both diseases are until now still a health problem. Bacteria causing dental diseases are for examples Streptococcus mutans and Bacteroides melaninogenicus, which both can spread to other organs and cause fatal diseases. Salvadora persica (arak, siwak) has been used for a long time ago as a tool for teeth cleanser in the Middle East, Africa and several Asian countries. In this study, we have done antibacterial tests of the extract and crystal of siwak against Streptococcus mutans and Bacteroides melaninogenicus. In determining the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the macro and micro dilution methods were used. The result showed that MIC of siwaks’ extract against Streptococcus mutans was 6.25%, and against Bacteroides melaninogenicus 1.56%. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of siwaks’ crystal against Streptococcus mutans and Bacteroides melaninogenicus was 12.5%, and 3.12% respectively. This study showed that the antibacterial activity of siwak’ crystal and extract were more potent against B. Melaninogenicus; it may be either that B. melaninogenicus was more susceptible than S. mutans or S. mutans was more virulent than B. melaninogenicus
The Impact of Breastfeeding Duration to the Child Survival in Indonesia
No full textBreastfeeding can decrease risk of infant death. But, it is not clear yet the effect of breastfeeding duration to the infant survival after controlled for the other determinant factors. This research is aimed to know the effect of duration of breastfeeding to infant survival in Indonesia after controlled for mother, infant, and environment factors. Data was analyzed by using multiple cox regression models. The result showed that duration of breastfeeding had a significant effect to infant survival in Indonesia. Infant who breastfeed for 6 months or more had 33.3 better survival than those who breastfeed less than 4 months. Infant who breastfeed for 4-5 months had 2.6 time better survival than those who breastfeed less than 4 months. Others determinant of infant survival in Indonesia are the number of under five year children in family and their residence. Its recommended to all party were expected to support the policy conducted by Department of Health to improve the duration of breastfeeding up to 24 months
Ascaris lumbricoides Eggs and Human-Intestinal Protozoan Cysts found in River Water of Angke River, Jakarta
No full textFecal contamination is a serious environmental problem at Angke River Jakarta. A cross-sectional study was conducted during April-June 2007 and the aim of the study is to assess the water quality of Angke River by detection of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs and the protozoan cysts. A total 24 L water of Angke River was collected from 8 sampling locations consisted of Kembangan/Duri Kosambi (upper reaches of river), Pesing Polgar (lower reaches of river), Teluk Gong (lower reaches of river), Pantai Indah Kapuk (estuary), River Mouth, left side of River Mouth, right side of River Mouth, and outer side of River Mouth. The water specimen was examined microscopically for A. lumbricoides eggs and protozoan cysts using a concentrated technique. Of 8 locations, 4 locations (50 %, 4/8), Kembangan/Duri Kosambi, Teluk Gong, Pantai Indah Kapuk and left side of river mouth were positive for A. lumbricoides eggs and 2 locations (25%, 2/8), Kembangan/Duri Kosambi and Pesing Polgar positive for Entamoeba histolytica cysts. Overall, 60 A. lumbricoides eggs and 2 E. histolytica cysts were found in 24 L water specimens. Among sampling locations, the most number of A. lumbricoides eggs were found at eastuary. The water of Angke River, Jakarta, has been contaminated by human feces contained A. lumbricoides eggs and E. histolytica cysts. The water was unsafe for drinking water
Type B Gelatin Gel Strength in Granule Formulation and its Mucoadhesive Characteristics
No full textMucoadhesive test of polymer excipient is important for development of oral sustained release dosage form in mucoadhesive system to increase bioavailability of a drug. The study focused on mucoadhesive strength of gelatinus granules in stomach and intestine of rat using bioadhesive and wash off tests. Gelatin is a substance obtained from partially hydrolyzed collagen of skin, white cattle bones and animal bones. Gelatin derived from acid process is called type A gelatin and those from alkali process is called type B gelatin. This research studied the influence of various gel strength of type B gelatins, particularly their mucoadhesive characteristics. Mucoadhesive tests were performed at the concentration of 7.14%, 3.66%, and 2.45% and with gel strength of 328 g Bloom, 230 g Bloom and 119 g Bloom respectively. The results showed that granules formula with 230 g Bloom gel strength showed the best mucoadhesive strength, with adhesion percentage of 100%
Drug Management Reviews in District Drug Management Unit and General Hospital
No full textDrug is one of the essential elements in healthcare that should be effectively and efficiently managed. Following the decentralization in 2001 in Indonesia, drug management has changed in district drug management units and also in District General Hospitals. Certainly this condition influences the sustainability of drug access in primary health care such as in Community Health Center and District General Hospital, especially in drug financing policy. A cross sectional descriptive study to obtain information on drug management in public healthcare in district had been carried out between July and December 2006 in 10 District Public Drug Management Units from 10 district health offices and 9 district general hospitals as samples. Data were collected by interviewing heads of Drug Section in District Health Offices and heads of Hospital Pharmacies using structured questionnaires and observing drug storage in District Drug Management Units, Community Health Centers, and Hospital Pharmacies. Results of the study show that drug planning in District Health Offices and General Hospitals did not meet the basic real need in some districts nor District Hospitals. The minimum health service standards had not been achieved yet. Furthermore, drug procurement, storage and recording as well as reporting was not good enough either, such as shown by the existence of expired drugs. Lead time for drug delivery to community health centers in some districts was longer than the average of lead time in the past 3 years
HIV/AIDS Prevention Factors from Contagious Risk Behavior Among Middle School Students
No full textThe High prevalence of HIV/AIDS can lead to a less in productive age in Indonesia. This problem can be attributed to the risk behavior of school age children, a risk group for HIV/AIDS infection. This study aims to analyse HIV/AIDS prevention factors among junior high school students. The research used a descriptive correlation and a cross sectional approaches. The sampling method employed a purposive sampling at SLTP X in Jakarta whose subjects fulfilled the inclusive criteria. The intrinsic and extrinsic factors were explored. The intrinsic factors,—perception on understanding, attitude, and HIV/AIDS prevention—were significantly correlated with the contagious risk behavior among junior high school students. The extrinsic factors (involving external source of information, information from parents, facilities, information from other people, and community stigma) were significantly correlated with contagious risk behavior among students. Based on this findings, it is imperative to improve knowledge through communication, information, and education on HIV/AIDS prevention factors from contagious risk behavior of junior high school students. It is also important to improve guided supervision and counseling ability from teachers and intensive assistance from parents
Relationship between Maternal Nutrition Knowledge with Diet Autistic Child
No full textThis research aims to get empirical data on eating pattern and the relation between mother knowledge of nutrition with autis child food consumption. This research was executed in three special schools of child growth trouble, that is: (1) Special Elemantary School of Pantara (2) Special School of Permata Hati and (3) Special School of Mandiga all are un South Jakarta, in April–May 2005. This research sample done at housewife having child of school age autis, that is 7-13 years. Sample that is accurate 30 persons who selected at random in this case. Sampling technique applied is technique purposive sampling. Hypothesis test conducted by using equation of Y regresi = 50.50 + 1.29X. Equation show result which are positive between accurate variable. Correlation coefficient (rxy) between mother knowledge of nutrition with autis child consumption is equal to 0.57, later then got determinasi coefficient by correlation square (rxy)2 obtained by value 32.19%. Calculatioan of coefficient determinasi above indicating that autis child food consumptioan determined by mother knowledge on nutrition equal to 32.19
Negotiating Motherhood: The Difficulties and Challenges of Rural First-Time Mothers in Parung, West Java
No full textoai:journal.ui.ac.id:article/8A hermeneutic phenomenological study was carried out to explore the difficulties and challenges of being a first-time mother in a rural area in Indonesia. The purposes of the present study were to provide health care providers with a greater understanding of the difficulties and the challenges of early motherhood. The thirteen Indonesian women who participated in this study described their experiences of first-time motherhood during early motherhood. Data were collected through semi structured conversational interviews. Three majors difficulties and challenges were identified: (1) being a new mother is not easy (2) a new mother is not as free as she was before and (3) trying to be a good mother. These challenges have offered insight, information and understanding into the experiences of Indonesian women with early motherhood. Also, this study will give a richer and deeper understanding of the needs of women during this period and about their feelings on the mothering role, which is useful for health care providers and others, who are concerned about this issue. 
Intenstinal Parasitic Infections in Primary School in Pulau Panggang and Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu
No full textStool samples were collected and examined for soil-transmitted helminthic and protozoal infection in the first grade of three primary schools, located on Pulau Panggang and Pulau Pramuka, which are parts of a group of islands not far from the north coast of Jakarta. The stool examinations were part of activities during a control program on soil-transmitted helminthic infections. The schools have never participated with control programs on soil-transmitted helminthiases. For the examination of the samples a semi-quantitative Kato thick smear method was used and the direct smear with a 2% iodine solution. Four intestinal helminth species and five protozoa species were found in a total of 101 stool samples. Ascaris and Trichuris infections were found in 68.8% or more. Hookworm infection was only found in one school (2.9%). Eggs of Hymenolepis nana were detected in one sample. Cysts of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli were both found in 5.0% of the samples, whereas Endolimax nana was recovered from 2.0% of the samples. High prevalence rates were detected for Blastocystis hominis (36.0%) and for Giardia lamblia it was 30.0%. Most of the Ascaris infections were categorized as light infections at School I (69.0%) and not a single heavy infection were found in this school. In School II and III most of the infections were moderate i.e. respectively 51.4 and 81.8%. Also in Schools II and III heavy infections were detected, respectively 11.4 and 5.8%. Fertilized Ascaris eggs were detected in 93.1%, 100% and 95.5% at School I, II and III respectively. As a whole among 86 positive samples 96.5% were recorded as samples with fertilized eggs, whereas 3.5% contained unfertilized eggs. The high prevalences of Ascaris and Trichuris infections in this area could be expected due to the low level of environmental hygiene and sanitation. Among the protozoal infections B. hominis and G. lamblia were the dominant species