Makara Journal of Health Research
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Severity of Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria in RSUP Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang
No full textThere were differences in clinical finding among authors about autologous serum skin test/ASST result in chronic idiopathic urtikaria/CIU. Some research reported there was no significant differences in clinical features of CIU, whereas other research found significant differences in duration and itch of CIU patients. The prevalence of urticaria in General Hospital Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang showed increased tendency but there was no data about CIU and the severity of clinical features. The objectives of this study were to find out the significant correlation between ASST and severity of clinical features of CIU, and compared the difference of clinical features of CIU with and without positive ASST. This study was an observational analytic study, with cross sectional design. Fifty four subjects included in this study after following selection. Ethical approval was obtained from Bioethics and Humanities Unit, Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University and Dr. Moh. Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The clinical feature of 54 patients with CIU were evaluated. The data of physical examination and the anamnesis about clinical scores collected and analyzed using SPSS software and Spierman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between clinical severity of CIU and ASST result. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the differences in clinical severity of CIU with and without positive ASST. There was significant correlation between the severity clinical feature of CIU and ASST result (p=0,00; R=0,598). Patients with positif ASST results (46,3%) had more duration of illness (0,00), higher pruritus score (0,00), and angiodema score (0,024). The CIU patients with severity clinical score of 27 (cut-off point), 11 times more likely to develop autoimmune urticaria than the patients with cut-off below 27 (p=0,00)
Incubation of Denatured Samples Increased Reproducibility and Quality of Proteomic Profile of SELDI-TOF MS
No full textProtein profiling with high-throughput proteomic technology, SELDI-TOF, is a new potential tool for diagnosis of human diseases. This advanced technique has increasingly been used for the detection of disease biomarker. However, analytical reproducibility is a significant challenge in SELDI-TOF profiling in order to have confidence in the results. Here, we showed a simple step to improve its analytical performance. Incubation of denaturated samples overnight at 4oC increased significantly reproducibility and quality of proteomic profile of SELDI-TOF MS for IMAC30-Cu ProteinChip. This strategy could be concerned and apply to address reproducibility issue in this system. 
In-House RT-PCR Assay for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
No full textSerologic assays are commonly used for screening (ELISA) and for confirmation (Western blot) of HIV-1 infection; however, both assays have potentially yielded the false-positive or false-negative results. In this study, a diagnostic RT-PCR assay as an alternative test for detection of HIV-1 was developed. Forty-six plasma specimens from highly risky groups, who visited a voluntary counseling and testing for HIV (VCT) in Sanglah Clinic of General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, were tested by RT-PCR assay with specific primers for Pol region of HIV-1 genome. The results of the RT-PCR tests were then compared with those of serologic tests to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR assay. The results of this study showed that the RT-PCR assay could detect 17 (sensitivity: 65.4%) of 26 serologically positive specimens and was unexpectedly able to detect 2 (specificity: 90%) of 20 serologically negative specimens. Thus, the RT-PCR assay developed in this study is potential to be used as an alternative test, even though there are numerous aspects, particularly the sensitivity, that need to be improved in further research
Consumers’ Perception in Pharmacy Services in Three Cities in Indonesia
No full textBetter health services have a strategic role and take part in public health improvement (Blum, 1974). Better quality of pharmacy service and pharmaceutical care may provide public needs and demands, ---which always change and increase, as well as reduce risks, and should be improved continually and be patient (consumer) oriented. To increase the quality of pharmacy service and pharmaceutical care, we need to know what the consumers’ impression about the pharmacy services they received currently and what the ideal pharmacy is according to consumers’ opinion. Consumer’s impression to pharmacy services in this survey is assessed, based on tangibles dimension (physical facilities, men power etc.), reliability and responsiveness of the services, assurance and empathy. The consumer’s impression is categorized as good and bad. Result: overall, 74.5% of consumers had a good impression about the pharmacy although pharmaceutical care they obtained had not yet complied with the community pharmacy standard. In three cities (Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Makassar), pharmacy services and pharmaceutical care were still based on drug-oriented, and had not yet based on patient/consumer oriented. Pharmaceutical care which fulfilled the community pharmacy standard (such as drug information provided by pharmacist, counseling, medicine use monitoring and treatment evaluation, health promotion and education for patients), had not yet turn out to be a reason for consumers’ preference of a pharmacy
The Equation of Prediction Stature Based on Age and Ethnic in Six Institutionalized Elderly at DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, Year 2005
No full textHeight is an important clinical indicator to derive body mass index (BMI) predicting the nutritional status. However, height measurement in the elderly may impose some difficulties and the reliability is doubtful. Equations estimating height from knee height parameter to predict stature in elderly i.e. Chumlea have been developed, but no one study has developed an equation for Indonesian population according to variety of ethnics. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to develop equations using two types of anthropometric measurements (knee height and arm span) for estimating stature in Indonesian elderly. A total of 217 elderly (aged 60 to 92 years old) from three major ethnic groups Javanese (56.7%), Chinese (31.3%), and others (12.0%) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurement included body weight, height, arm span, and knee height were carried out by trained nutritionist. Inter and intra observer errors was calculated for each anthropometric measurement of arm span and knee height of elderly. Main findings of this study were the mean of age of Chinese was the highest among other ethnics; the most elderly suffered from underweight (43%); the distribution of mean knee height and arm span was almost similar in each ethnic group; there was a significant difference between knee height with stature in elderly women, and the highest correlation indicated by knee height in elderly women and arm span in elderly men. Chumlea equation showed tend to be under-estimate in stature of elderly men and over-estimate in stature of elderly women. In conclusion, standing height is an ideal technique for estimating the stature of elderly. However, in cases where its measurement is not possible or reliable, height can be estimated from proxy indicators of stature. In this study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height in elderly men, and knee height in elderly women
Junior High School Student’s Parents Knowledge about Narcotics, Alcohol and Addictives in Depok 2002
No full textAt present drug abuse is a major issue among teenagers/students. It does not only involve teenagers/students it selves, but also their families, the neighborhood, the school environment, law enforcement as main factors as well as anticipators. Parents should have knowledge about drug abuse among family members. Therefore the aim of this study is to obtain information of the junior-high school parents on knowledge about drugs, alcohol and addictives i.e. type of drugs, appearance of drugs, the way using drugs and the physical individual characteristics of drug users. The study was conducted in selected schools of Depok, West Java. The analytic descriptive cross-sectional method was used to measure the level of knowledge of the parents. The level of knowledge of the parents on alcoholic beverages, sedative group such as diazepam (BK tablet), nitrazepam (mogadon) and flunitrazepam (rohypnol), cannabis (ganja / marijuana), opiate (heroin / putaw), amphetamine (shabu-shabu, ecstacy) and cocaine. The parents did know at the most, two kinds of drug among six. Among them 26.5% did not know about alcoholic beverages and 49.6% about sedative group. Of the parents 44.4%, 62.4%, 57.3%, 75.2% did not know about the different appearances of cannabis, opiate, amphetamine and cocaine type respectively. A total of 13.1% , 57.3%, 57.6%, 44.4%, 62.6%, 68.7% and 78.8% did not know how to use alcoholic beverages, sedative group, cannabis, opiate, amphetamine and cocaine Most parents did not know well the physical, individual characteristics of drug users. Information about drugs was obtained from magazine, newspaper or television, followed by counseling and seminars. Schools should cooperate with parents to overcome the problem of NAZA and knowledge of parents should be improved through multimedia. 
The Risk of Type 2 Diabetic among Coffee Drinker in Palembang Municipality Year of 2006-2007
No full textPrevalence of Type 2 Diabetic approximately 4.7%, and expose people age of 40 year above with serious complications. The objectived of the research was to find out the association between cofee consumption dan the risk of type 2 diabetic. Method : The design of the research was case control study with type 2 diabetic as cases group and non diabetic type 2 as control group with matching of the aged group with sample size 482 for each group. Result: Pure coffee consumption of 1- 3 tea spoon the odd ratio was 0.65. and for group less than 1 year the odd ratio =0.49, 1-2 years the odd ratio = 0.55, 3-5 years the odd ratio = 0.13, 6-10 years odd ratio=0.42, 11- 20 the odd ratio =0.60 and more than 20 years the odd ratio=0.29 and it could concluded the risk of type 2 diabtetic inversely associated with duration of coffee consumption. The overall odd ratio of coffee consumption frequencies was 0.758 with spearman correlation = -0.121,or more frequently coffe consumsption the lowest risk of type 2 diabetic. By regresion analysis it was found out the overall coffee viscosities was protected factors for the risk of type 2 diabtetic especially mixed 3 spoon coffee with out sugar had high protected index
Antihyperglycemic Activity of the Mahkota Dewa Leaf Extracts as an Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
No full textAlpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) is a carbohydrase that catalyzes the liberation of a-glucose from the nonreducing end of the diet carbohydrate. In diabetic patients, inhibition of these enzymes causes the restraint of glucose absorption and decreases the postprandial hyperglycemia. The purpose of this research is to study the antihyperglycemic activity of mahkota dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.] leaf extracts by inhibition test to alpha glucosidase enzyme. This research was conducted in three steps: fractionation and extraction samples with methanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, followed by phytochemistry screening and alpha-glucosidase inhibition test. The alpha-glucosidase inhibition test was performed by using alpha-glucosidase enzyme and p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. The result of phytochemistry screening showed that Mahkota dewa leaves contain class of phenolics, thanins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and carbohydrates. The result of alpha-glucosidase inhibition test showed that ethyl acetate fraction extract had the highest inhibition activity with inhibition percentage at 50 ppm for old leaves which is 55.04% and for young leaves which is 56.92%. At 50 ppm, inhibition activity from the methanol extract and boiled water extract of old leaves is higher than that of young leaves with inhibition percentage of old leaves methanol extract which is 14.25% and 10.97% for young leaves and for old leaves; boiled water extract is 10.32% and 6.85% for young leaves. For n-butanol fraction extract, inhibition activity of young leaf extract (14.26%) is higher than old leaf extract (9.49%)
The Improving of Methylprednisolone Palmitate Potency After Incorporated With Liposome - an Antiinflammation Study In Culture of Mice’s Splenocytes
No full textGlucocorticoid has been used as an antiinflammatory and immuno-suppresive drug. Longterm utilisation at high dose of glucocorticoid is associated with serious side effects. In recent years, many attempts have been performed in searching the appropiate vehicles to deliver the drug directly into the target organ or the receptor. By incorporating the drug into its vehicle such as liposome, the systemic side effect can be minimized. Purwaningsih et al has successfully synthetized a novel preparation of liposome methylprednisolone palmitate (L-MPLP). The aim of the study was to learn the pharmacological effect of L-MPLP, especially on antiinflammatory effect of this novel preparation, compared with the standard methylprednisolone (MPL). The parameter was the potency of L-MPLP in reducing gamma-interferon production in T-lymphocyte culture after stimulation with concanavalin A in vitro as well as in vivo. Gamma-interferon was assayed by ELISA method. The reduction of gamma interferon, in vivo, after the administration of L-MPLP at the dose of 2,8 and 16 mg/kgBW respectively, showed significant difference than a control group, while MPL did not. The addition of both L-MPLP and MPL in in vitro culture at the concentration of 5.10-3, 5.10-2 and 5.10-1 mM have proved to suppress the gammainterferon production, where the suppression of L-MPLP was more effective than MPL, significantly