Makara Journal of Health Research
Not a member yet
289 research outputs found
Sort by
Taeniasis/cysticercosis among Family Members in Villages of Jayawijaya District, Papua
No full textThe area of Jayawijaya, including the Subdistricts of Wamena and Assologaima, is a hyperendemic area of taeniasis/cysticercosis. The disease is considered as a household disease because often if one family member is infected with the disease we can also expect other family members with the same disease. The aim of this study is to obtain data on the condition of taeniasis/cysticercosis in families living in a complex of houses (silimo) and to know the distribution of cysticercosis patients living together with taeniasis patients (adult worm carriers). A limited study was conducted using a test on the detection of antibodies against antigen Taenia solium and the ELISA-coproantigen test. The immunoblot test used purified glycoproteins (GP) as a Taenia solium antigen. Antibodies anti-cysticercosis were detected in 51.7% of 89 human sera samples. The seroprevalence of families in Wamena (68.4%, 26/38) was higher in comparison with that in Assologaima (35.3%, 18/51), men (61.2%, 30/49) were more infected than women (40.0, 16/40). In addition positive ELISA-coproantigen was found in 2.4% (3/42) of the families in Assologaima, whereas in 5 families in Wamena as well as in Assologaima family members were found seropositive without an individu with coproantigen positive in their families living in their respectively silimo’s. In hyperendemic areas of taeniasis/cysticercosis one can be infected by his family living in the same complex of houses as well as by other families. All adult worm carriers are contaminating the whole environment
Smoking Cessation Therapy
No full textCigarettes are regarded as being highly addictive. Consequently, if the smoker quits their habit, they will feel physically and mentally stressed. The purpose of this research is to understand, successful methods of quitting smoking, and factors which ease quitting smoking. It is also hoped to be able to lay a base for and bring into reality every element of society to create a social etiquette in smoking. Research using qualitative method by case studies among 3 smokers was undertaken in 2004. The criteria of the informant was age more than 40 years old, married, successfully in smoking cessation, and 10 years more as a smoker. The interview to informants was hold by recorder. The principle model of successful quitting smoking was the strong will and determination of the smokers themselves. The reasons to stop smoking were also health, religious organisation, and, family factors. Health factors are related with disease suffered by the informants such as hypertension, fever, cough and headache. Religious organisation factors are related to religious organization that prohibit to smoke. Family factors were related to the family of the informants who followed in their footprints as smokers. Besides that, the informants also had young children who should not be exposed to cigarette smoke. The methods used by the informants to smoke cessation were therapy, changing behavior, and positive encouragement. All the above incidents resulted in a smoker quitting their habit. The wisdom behind all this is a smoker who has a strong will to quit smoking
Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique Intervention to Reduce Pain in Cancer Patients
No full textSpiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) represents an combination technique from body’s energy system and spiritual therapy by tapping at certain points of the body. SEFT focuses on certain words or sentences pronounced several times in a rhythm, follows by resignation to God as in patients’ belief. This research was aimed to explore the effect of SEFT intervention to reduce of cancer pain patients at the Dr Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya. Quasi experimental were used in this study using pre test and post test design with control group. Samples, 20 respondents (in 2 groups) were recruited using consecutive sampling. The intervention group received SEFT intervention combined with analgesic therapy and the control group given only analgesic therapy. SEFT intervention implemented after administrating analgesic, for 5-10 minutes every day during five days. Pain was measured using numeric rating scale (NRS). The combination SEFT intervention and analgesic therapy was more effective than only analgesic therapy. SEFT can be employed for cancer patients to relieve their pain. Nursing intervention with SEFT encourages nurse’s role autonomy and steps to reduce patient’s dependency on analgesic therapy
The Effect of Coumarin Derivate from the Stem Bark of Calophyllum biflorum on the In Vivo Growth of Transplantable C3H Mammary Tumor Cells
No full textCalanone, is a coumarin derivate which was isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum biflorum.To know the effect of calanone on the in vivo growth of transplantable C3H mammary tumor cells, C3H mice were used which were divided into : one group of untreated control, one group of solvent control (injected with 0,1 mL PEG 400) and four treated groups, each of which were injected subcutaneously near the tumor with 0,1 mL of 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 8 mg/mL of calanone in PEG 400 solvent respectively. The injections were given three times a week, for four weeks. By using Friedman test, for non parametric statistical analysis of the weekly observed tumor volume, it was shown that there was a significant decrease in the tumor growth of the group treated with calanone solution of 4 mg/mL dosage, compared to the control or other groups. 
Patient Characteristics and Performance of the TCM Unit of 'Harapan Bunda' Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
No full textThis study describes the characteristics of patients and treatment results of The TCM Unit in Harapan Bunda hospital in Jakarta during August - December 2005. The data were taken from medical records of all patients visiting the TCM Unit during the study periode. The results are presented in texts and tables. There were 271 patients registered during the periode, 58,30% were female. The dominant age groups were 41-50 years (23,62%) and 51-60 years (23,99%), followed by 61-70 years (17,71%), 31-40 years (13,28%) and 71-80 years (12,18%). Of the 271 patients, 207 were with tumors either clinically or pathologically assessed as malignant. Mammary carcinoma (31,88%) was most prevalent, then pulmonary (10,63%), liver (9,66%), large intestine (7,73%), lymphoma (6,76%), ovarian (5,31%), NPC (4,83%), mostly in stadium III or IV (26,57% and 41,55% respectively). For 54 patients (26,09%), no data to assess stadium. Therapeutic response was mostly evaluated clinically. Of 80 patients receiving at least 1 month treatment at TCM Unit, 29 pts (36,25%) showed improvement, 36 pts (45%) were relatively stable, 15 pts (18,75%) deteriorated. The improved and stabilized patients of mammary cancer were 38,71% and 41,94%, of lung cancer 30% and 50%, of colon cancer 25% and 62,50%, of NPC 66,67% and 16,67%, of hepatoma 16,67% and 50% respectively. It was concluded that the TCM Unit of Harapan Bunda hospital had received good attention from the public. Female visitors were more prevalent than male. Most prevalent age group was 41-50 years followed by 51-60 years. Mammary carcinoma was the most prevalent. Therapeutic response showed 81,25% either improved or stabilized, 18,75% deteriorated. 
Influences on Youth Sexual Behaviour in Central Java: Implication of Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy and Services
No full textIndonesian youth nowadays have been experiencing an increasing vulnerability to various kind of healthhazards specially related to reproductive and sexual health, including the growing threat of HIV/AIDS. This paperreports on findings from a study undertaken during the year 2003-2004 among urban youth in Central Java. The studyseeks to identify factors influencing youth sexual behavior and their need for services, in order to derive practical policyfor enhancing youth sexual and reproductive health services. The study involved a total of 2000 samples derived from ayouth population, aged 18-24 years old. A group of 1000 samples was randomly selected from a working youthpopulation through factory employers, whereas the other 1000 samples were from middle class youth among universitystudents. Social learning theory was applied as a base of the conceptual framework of the study with quantitativesurveys and qualitative methods The findings showed that the overall pattern of sexual and reproductive youth healthrisk were relatively low in comparison to that in many other countries, which was partly related to distinctive andpositive characteristics of the culture of the community in Central Java. The findings also showed that self efficacy wasthe strongest influencing factor on youth sexual behavior. Future policies and program development should be addressedto the ways in maintaining young peoples positive norms and values in line with the existing culture and religion byenhancing their self efficacy through school-based sexual and reproductive health education and services. Advocacyshould also be used continuously to address environmental constraints that impede the adoption of healthy reproductivehealth behavior
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Daun Johar (Cassia siamea Lamk.) on the Macropages Activities and Capacities
No full textDaun Johar (DJ) (Cassia siamea Lamk.) has already been reported to stimulate the immune response. The current study investigates the role of DJ on mice macrophages activities and capacyties. Twenty four Swiss mice were divided into 6 equal groups. The first control group (Group I), re­ceived aquadest. The second con­trol group (Group II), was given CMC Na 0,5% . The third con­trol group (Group III), was given phytohemaglutinin. The case group: group IV received 23,78 mg ethanol extract of DJ/20 g BW, group V received 47,56 mg/20 BW, and group VI received 95,13 mg/20 g BW. These were injected orally on day 1 until 7. On day 8, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) were injected intraperitoneally. The macrophages activities and capacyties were counted on slide smears of mice peritoneal fluid. According to enhancement of dose, either the macrophages activities or capacyties were found. The lowest activity encounter on the negative control (369,5±18,1384) followed by CMC Na 0,5% (378,5±13,1783), doses of 23,78 mg/20gBW (466,75±9,4296), doses of 47,56 mg/20 g BW (557±30,2324), positive control/PHA (670,5±10,0830) and doses of 95,13 mg/20 g BW (683,5±12,1244)
Nicotine Content Determination on Cigarettes Smoke
No full textThe purpose of this descriptive study is to assess the nicotine level of several types of cigarettes brand sold in the market. The study includes three brands of filtered cigarette and three brands of non-filtered cigarette. The nicotine content was measured from both mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke by using the HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). It was found that the nicotine content of nonfiltered cigarette was higher than the filtered cigarette. The highest nicotine content in the filtered cigarettes was the Filter-C, meanwhile the lowest was Filter-A. The highest nicotine content of the non filtered cigarettes was the Kretek-X with the lowest nicotine content the Kretek-Z. The nicotine content of sidestream smoke was 4 – 6 times than mainstream smoke. Nicotine content level in the cigarette package should be mentioned and further studies should determine the effect of cigarettes to the public healths
Diarrhea Risk Factors of Infant and Children Under Five Years in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Public Health Academic Studies
No full textDiarrhea is one of the national public health problems most researched academically in the school of public health. This systematic review research aimed at exploring risk factors of diarrhea involved 18 academic products in the form of graduate thesis and undergraduate final academic paper of School of Public Health University of Indonesia in the year 2000-2005. The subjects (3884, ranging from 65 to 500) of these academic research products were mothers, infants, and children under age of 5. Data were analyzed univariate & bivariate. Most of the literatures used as reference in these research were old diarrhea reference books, publication from Ministry of Health and previous academic research results (i.e. thesis and final academic paper). None of the research instruments reviewed was tested its validity and its realibility. Risk factors most researched were related to environmental factor, i.e. clean water & toilet. The significant mother’s risk factors were knowledge, behaviour and hygiene. The significant children’s risk factors were nutritional status & brestfeeding. Environmental risk factors associated with access to clean water were source of clean water (average OR=3.19), risk of being contaminated (average OR=7.89), and ownership of the clean water source (average OR=17.25). By t-test, the differences between thesis and undergraduate final academic paper were number of independent variables & literature references used. Overall, the quality of academic research products is not sufficiently qualified
Occupational Accident and Injury on Industrial Workers in Jakarta Pulo Gadung Industrial Estate
No full textOccupational accidents are stil high. There were 17 workers death each workday. Human factor is main caused risk factor of occupational accident. The objective of study to determine type of accidents and injuries related with accident at workplace in Pulogadung Industrial Estare. The study was operational research with cross sectional design. The study conducted 950 industrial workers at seven companies in 2006. Respondents were industrial workers who were worked in Jakarta Pulogadung industrial estate. Data collected based on interview with questionnaire and analyzed with statistic analysis. Result showed that industrial workers have ever been accident at workplace 29.9% with injury on hinge-hip-upper leg (40.2%), head (24,8%) and hand ankle (14.3%). Type of injuries were excoriasi (37.2%), superficial (29.6%) and an eyes injury (14.8%). Occupational accident often occurence on steel industry (11.2%) with an eyes injury (10%), spare part industry (8.2%) with pierced (6.1%) andi garment industries (3.7%) with pierced (43.1%). Occupational aacident correlated with male workers OR 3.25 (95% CI 2.29–4.62), moderate level of activity OR 2.08 (95% CI 1.48–2.92), distres OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.03–1.80), painful OR 1.50 (95%CI 1.13–1.98), and using safety tools OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.13–1.98). Physical condition correlated with occupational accident such as noisy OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.66–3.03), heat OR 2.19 (95%CI 1.63–2.93), close OR 2.32 (95%CI 1.57–3.41), extreme scent OR 2.01 (95%CI 1.42–2.85), dusty OR 1.87 (95%CI 1.41–2.48) and smoky OR 2.40 (95%CI 1.77–3.25)