Makara Journal of Health Research
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Indoor Air Quality in X’s University Libraries (Physical, Chemical and Microbial Aspects)
No full textThe objective of this research was to identify mould in university’s library using cross sectional design. The existence of mould and physical and chemical quality of air in library have been investigated and observed in three faculties; they were in FA, FB, and FC. To identify the mould, it used petri dish in Potato Dextrose Agar medium. There were 6-9 samples from each library. The temperature in three libraries were higher than standard, the intensity of light were very low in location FB and FC, and the dust concentration in FA was very high. It was found the pathogenic mould; they were Aspergillus fumigatus in FA, Scopulariopsis candida in FB, and Fusarium verticilloides in FC. In general, the physical, chemical and microbial quality of air in libraries exceeded the legal standard
The Relationships of Nurse’s Characteristics, Job Content and Job Context to Levels of Work Satisfaction in the Inpatient Care of Gunung Jati Cirebon General Hospital
No full textThe nurses' work satisfaction is an important factor to achieve high quality of services. This study aimed at finding out the relationships between Nurse’s Characteristics, Job Content, and Job Context with the levels of work satisfaction in the Inpatient facilities of RSUD Gunung Jati Cirebon. This is a descriptive quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The data were analyzed using Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate analyses. This study was conducted involving 216 nurses who worked in the Inpatient Facilities. The results showed that the levels of work satisfaction ranged between 30%-62.9%. Salary and Policy were dissatisfaction factors of the nurses. Corcerning Job Content, Awards, Appointment and Otonomy were dominant satisfaction factors, and concerning Job Context were Relationship with Colleague, Relationship with Supervisor and Work Place Condition. Marietal Status had a significant relationship with work satisfaction (p<0.01). There were significant relationships between Nurse’s Characteristic, Job Content, Job Context with Work Satisfaction, i.e.: Career Development with p = 0.282 (sig 0.000) and Relationship between Nurse and Supervisor with p = 0.254 (sig 0.000)
Infants Growth Faltering in District of Indramayu, West Jawa
No full textNewborns in Indramayu were examined for their birth weight and length and their subsequent length at the age of 1,2,3,4,5,6 month, 9 and 12 month. This 2 years cohort study included 720 newborns who were able to be measured at birth, 534 newborns up to 3 months of age, 408 newborns up to 6 months of age and 271 newborns up to 12 months of age. Out of 720 newborns, there were 516 normal babies, 63 preterms, and 141 IUGR. Growth faltering was calculated bi monthly up to 6 months old. This study suggested that growth faltering had started at early stage of life and in an inconvenient environment normal babies suffered most, but the IUGR API babies had the highest degree of faltering (cm)
Analysis of Y Chromosome Microdeletion in Indonesian Males
No full textThe aim of this study is to find out Y chromosome microdeletion in Indonesian azoospermic men. This study used the PCR method with five STS to locate deletion on three different subregions (AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc) of azoospermic men and one STS to amplify SRY gen which act as an internal control. In this study we detected two of 35 (5,7%) azoospermic men had microdeletion Yq. One had microdeletion on subregion AZFa (sY84) and AZFb (RBMY1) and the other one on subregion AZFc (sY254 and sY255). Therefore microdeletion of the Y chromosome in Indonesian azoospermic men excist. Examination of microdeletion of Y chromosomes in azoospermic men is important if they are going to participate in the Intra Cytoplasmic Infection Program to avoid genetic disorders of their descendants
Factors involved on Vessel Sanitation in Pangkalbalam harbor of Pangkalpinang 2005
No full textThe aim of this research was to assess the factor related to sanitation level at ship anchored in Pangkalbalam Harbor, Pangkalpinang. The design was crossectional study. The ship anchored in Pangkalbalam harbor in good sanitation level is 16,3 %, middle ship sanitation level is 18,5%, and bad ship sanitation level is almost 65.2%. This result showed that ship sanitation which anchor in Pangkalbalam harbor still low. Standard operating procedure (OR = 98,3), leadership of Captain (OR = 22,7) and time-used to improve ship sanitation (OR = 24,1) have great association to sanitation of ship anchored in Pangkalbalam Harbor. The most variable involved in improvement of ship sanitation is standard operating procedure variable with OR value is 21,01. From this result research is expected that every cargo ship anchored in Pangkalbalam port have a good standard operating procedure to guide crew how to manage ship sanitation. To control this standard operating procedure need supervising or routine observation from sanitation staff in port health office at Pangkalpinang. 
The Effects of Carbon Tetrachloride Administration on Liver and Renal Function
No full textCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) that induces liver damage is widely used in hepatoprotector experiments. Carbon tetrachloride at a single dose 0,1; 1,0; and 10 ml/kg body weight was administrated intraperitoneally in male rats to investigate liver and renal damage. Liver damage was monitored by increased alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and serum total protein. Increased serum creatinine is an indicator of renal problem. Futhermore, liver and renal tissues were subjected to histopathological studies. Compared with control, injection of 0,1 and 1,0 ml CCl4/kg body weight increased ALT and decreased AST, and at dose 10 ml/kg body weight both ALT and AST decreased to a greater extent (p<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and total protein were not different in all treatments (p>0.05). Carbon tetrachloride at dose 0,1 and 1,0 ml/kg body weight increased creatinine. However, injection of 10 ml CCl4/kg body weight decreased creatinine (p<0.05). Histopathological studies confirmed the presence of steatosis in hepatic cells at single dose of 1,0 and 10 ml CCl4/kg body weight, with no significant effect in glomerulus. Administration of single dose of CCl4 can induce liver and renal damage that dependent on CCl4 received. 
Factors Related to Contact Dermatitis on Workers at PT Inti Pantja Press Industri
No full textPT Inti Pantja Press Industri (IPPI) is an automotive manufacturing industry for car pressing body and car chassis. In the manufacturing process, its uses a variety of chemicals which may cause contact dermatitis for workers. There are other factors which may cause the contact dermatitis to workers worsen including indirect causes. The objective of this research is to investigate factors related to contact dermatitis in workers at PT IPPI. Research is conducted using a cross sectional design with quantitative approach which describe factors affecting the development of workers contact dermatitis. Research subjects are all the worker who uses chemicals during the work process (80 workers) consists from 4 (four) different sections: production (handwork), maintenance (plant service and die shop), quality control, and inventory finish part. Methodology used for data collection was using a questionnaire in which respondents were asked to fullfill a self-completion questionnaire. Results suggested that workers at PT IPPI experienced contact dermatitis are 39 workers (48,8%). There are 4 (four) factors were investigated using chi-square test (95% level of confidence) which are significantly related to contact dermatitis, including: type of work {p value 0,02, odds ratio 3,4 (1,305-8,641)}; age {p value 0,042, odds ratio 2,8 (1,136-7,019)}; working period {p value 0,014, odds ratio 3,5 (1,383-9,008)}; history of dermatitis at previous workplace {p value 0,042, odds ratio 5,9 (1,176-29,103)}. Factors which are not related to contact dermatitis are history of allergy, personal hygiene, and the use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Escherichia coli Food Contamination on Three Type of Food Establishment in South Jakarta, 2003
No full textFood with its nutrient constituencies is important and needed by all biological organisms including human live. On theaters hand through food could transfer some of diseases agent that could cause gastro-intestinal disorder and food intoxication. Food contamination prevalence is still height (by E. coli 65.5%) and diarrhea cases 116.075 in 1995, food out break intoxication 31.919 occur in 1997, and with CFR 0.15%. Prospective study has been done in order to identify the E. coli food contamination rate on food serve by food establishment in South Jakarta. Sample size of 255, with 85 food establishment each type food establishment group such as street food vendor, catering, and restaurant. Meat with height water activities is used for food sample and E. coli contamination on food is used as an indicator for pathogenic bacterial food contamination. Data analysis using multiple logistic regression, to identify food contamination factors. E. coli served food contamination was 12.2%, fresh cooked food E. coli contamination was 7.5%, row food E. coli contamination was 40.0%, water contamination was 12.9%, food handler hand contamination was 12.5%, and kitchen utensil especially for cooked food container contamination was 16.9%. Cooking processing temperature was 99.5 0C, average cooking period was 20.6 minute, food storage temperature and period were 28.9 0C and 409.2 minute, and room temperature of food served was 28.7 0C. Factors involved on E. coli served food contamination were cooking temperature and street food vendor (with OR=3.5 compare with restaurant and catering). 
The MDA and HSP70 Concentration in Preeclamptic Patient Placenta’s
No full textPreeclampsia is a disease in pregnancy and characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are the most causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity in Indonesia. Placental and systemic oxidative stress caused endothelial cell dysfunction and injury. Placental oxidative stress also linked to fetal growth restriction. HSP70 is essential for cellular recovery, survival and maintenance of homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to compare the MDA, a marker for oxidative stress and HSP70 production in placental of severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women. Placenta were collected after delivery from normotensive pregnancies (N=10), severe preeclampsia (N=10) and mild preeclampsia (N=10). Placenta was cultured in RPMI and 20% FBS, and supernatant were collected in day 3. MDA was measured using spectrophotometer and absorbance read in 530nm. HSP70 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean MDA concentration did not differ significantly between patients with severe preeclampsia (7.13+5.36 nmol/ml) and mild preeclampsia (4.82+2.47 nmol/ml) when compared with normotensive pregnancies (4.57+2.4 nmol/ml). The mean HSP70 concentration in mild preeclampsia is highest (10.15+12.39 nmo/ml) when compared with severe preeclampsia (3.78 +3.07 nmol/ml) and normotensive pregnant women (3.76+4.65nmol/ml), but the difference was not significant. Although the difference was not significant, is indicates homeostasis response in mild preclampsia women is relative good. This response was abated in severe preeclampstic women. Although MDA and HSP70 concentration did not differ significantly between groups, however the high HSP70 concentration is indicates homeostasis response relatively good in mild preeclamptic women
The Distribution of Liposomal-Methylprednisolone Palmitate (L-MPLP) in Several Organs in Mice after Intra-Peritoneal Injection
No full textThis study was to analyze the distribution of liposomal-methylprednisolone palmitate (L-MPLP) as a new drug formulation, in several organs of mice after intra-peritoneal injection. In a previous study, in vitro, the stability and the incorporation of methylprednisolone palmitate into liposome membranes were increased, from 70% to approximately 95% using tetra-ether lipid as a stabilizer of the liposome membrane. Based on this result, the stability of L-MPLP should also be proved, in vivo, that the drug, methylprednisolone palmitate, could be distributed into several organs more effective than in a control group (methylprednisolone palmitate and methylprednisolone as a standard of drug and liposome). Forty-two mice of C3H were divided into 5 study groups. Each group of animals was divided into 6 sub-groups of time from 10 minutes to 48 hours. Each drug was injected intra-peritoneal, blood was drawn from the vein of the tail and the organs i.e. liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow were extirpated after sacrificing the mice using ether. The distribution of the drug or their metabolites was higher at the minute of 180 and tended to decrease at the time of 48 hours after injection. The higher distribution was shown in the liver and rather high in the spleen, thymus, kidney, and bone-marrow respectively