Makara Journal of Health Research
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The Evaluation of The Official Development Assisstance Programme from Jica on The Maternal and Child Health Handbook at The Telogo Asri Village, Central Java
No full textThis article will describe one of the Official Development Assisstance (ODA) programme which had been introduced by the Japan International Cooperation Agency to increase the health condition of mother and children in such areas in Indonesia. The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) handbook programme had been undertaken for about 10 years and has shown different results in many different areas in Indonesia. This article will show the effect of the MCH handbook programme to the mother’s child health behaviour in one village in Central Java (for confidentiality, the name of village and informants used are pseudo names). The Telogo Asri village was chosen because of their involvement in the MCH handbook programme for about the last 9 years
Several Factors Influencing Irrational Antibiotics Treatments in Intensive Care Unit at Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta 2001 – 2002
No full textA study was conducted in the intensive care unit at Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, concerning a factor influencing the inappropriate use of antibiotics, proven by the resistance against a certain antibiotic, however this antibiotic was used for therapy. Cases in the control group were resistant cases against an antibiotic and therefore were given another antibiotic, against which the patients were sensitive. A total of 34 cases were selected as research subjects, whereas 41 cases were included in the control group. The factor influencing the use of antibiotics against which patient were resistant was “having a job of the patient” (odds ratio = 0,25 and 95 % CI 0,09 – 0,71). In comparison the group of patients with a job with the group without a job: the group with a job had a 75 % lower risk in using ineffective antibiotics. 
Isolation and Identification of Fenolic Acid in Katu Leaves (Sauropus Androgynus (L.) Merr. )
No full textTo improve traditional drugs in changing to fitofarmaka studies should be conducted on the chemical content of plants used as drugs. In this study, fenolic acid compounds in katu leaves, which are used for traditional medicine, were isolated and identified. From 95% ethanol extracts of katu leafs could be isolated a fenolic acid compound through continuous fraction using ether, with or without hydrolysis process. The ether fraction was then separated with the two dimension paper chromatography. The first solution developed was 2% acetic acid in water, and the second was benzene–acetic acid–water (60 : 22 : 1,2). Spots were identified with ultraviolet light, diazo p-nitroaniline solution and to enhance the color 15% sodium carbonate was sprayed. After separation p-hidroxy benzoid acid, ferulic acid, cafeic acid and vanilic acid were identified. In addition more than 7 spots were found which were supposed to be fenolic acids. Quantitative analysis was done using the spectrophotodensitometer for 4 kinds of identified fenolic acids. The highest percentage in katu leafs was p-hydroxibenzoid acid
The Sensitivity Pattern of Microorganisms against Antibiotics at the Intensive Care Unit of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta 2001 – 2002
No full textA preliminary study was conducted on the sensitivity pattern of microorganisms against antibiotics at the intensive care unit of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta. Retrospective, secondary data were collected on results of antibiotics sensitivity tests and kind of microorganisms of 205 patients during the years 2001 – 2002. Pathogenic species found were Pseudomonas sp. Klebsiella sp. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus β haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The pattern of resistance showed that pathogenic microorganisms were most resistant agains ampicillin, amoxycillin, penicillin G, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The highest sensitivity levels were shown by fosmicin, amikacin, ceftriaxone to Pseudomonas sp. netilmicin, amikacin, ceftriaxone to Klebsiella sp. ceftriaxone, amikacin, ceftizoxime to Escherichia coli
Construction of Recombinant Plasmid pcDNA3.1/BMP-2 and its Involvement in Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp-Derived Cells into an Odontoblastic Lineage
No full textExperimental studies have shown that dental pulp tissue has potential to regenerate dentine in response to adverse stimuli, such as caries and associated operative procedures. However, the potential of dental pulp regeneration seems to be limited by regenerative capacity of the cell involved. In this study, we report the effect of transfection of a recombinant plasmid containing human BMP-2 gene in proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp tissue in vitro. The regenerative capacity was analyzed by ALP production and calcium content. Results showed that the transfected dental pulp cell was able to differentiate into the odontoblast phenotype, indicating the presence of odontoblast progentitor cells in dental pulp tissue
Baby Soothsayers are Still in Birthing Process by Indonesian Community
No full textOne of health case which still many happened in Indonesia, born children with helped by baby soothsayer. In reality, most all Indonesia publics either that is who live in rural and also more even a urban love to be helped by soothsayer. The thing because of local tradition and mores. Purpose of research. Finds strategic to build cohesive network between the prominent as of themes, public, soothsayer and midwife in executing health service of maternal and perinatal joinly. Research method. Applies qualitative method. Technique done is in-depth interview. Informan is baby soothsayer, nurse and delivering birth mother helped by delivering birth baby soothsayer and mother helped by midwife. Research is done in Kabupaten Kendari (South-east Sulawesi), countryside Tobimiita and countryside Inalobu and countryside Lapulu; Sub-Province Cirebon (West Java), countryside Bode Sari and countryside Karangasem and countryside Gombong. Analysis. Effort for improvement of service of health of like the one mirror in soothsayer program to train that of course not aim to eliminate role played by system treatment of old health and changes it with system treatment of new health. Education given in soothsayer program to train that is justri realized as confession to carry out (enforcement) health service to baby soothsayer institute. Moreover, with education given, baby soothsayer is assumed can replace presence of new health facility assumed able to increase public health level. Conclusion. Partnership is one of solution for this problem most off all will develop cloistered areas where access every very limited health service. 
Tracer Pathway of Malathion Insecticide and the Impact of Malathion to the Mouse’s Liver and Brain
No full textThis research was aimed to settle on the pathway of insecticide contamination in the aquatic environment forwarding toward aquatic plants and animals by using radioisotope 14C labelled malathion. Then by using the same labelled malathion, its pathway to the mammals, i.e. mice, was also determined. The first step of the research was aimed to detect the pathway of malathion residues in water moving toward aquatic plants i.e. Hydrilla verticillata and aquatic animals i.e. fishes. Subsequently, in the second step of the research, the pathway of this labelled malathion from aquatic animals (fish) to mammals (mice). Then, in the third step of this research, the influence of polluting dose of malathion 96 EC, which was frequently found in vegetables in Indonesia, on the mammals’ organ i.e. liver and brain of mice. All of the treatments’ results were compared to the controls’ using Student t-test. Analysis of the results showed that the residual insecticide can be absorbed by the aquatic plans and then entered the fish body through food chain, and also through the gills, skin, scales. Furthermore, it was substantiated that the mammals obtained residual malathion through its food chain, that is, when the fishes were eaten by the mice or other mammals. The concentration of the insecticide observed, malathion, absorbed by water plants, fish organ and mice organ found to be different. This study also proved that the concentration dose of malathion found in vegetables in Indonesia can cause abnormality in the livers of the mice, if it was taken consecutively for 60 days. It was also shown in this study that the brains of the treated mice did not show any significant abnormality. Keywords: brain; Hydrilla verticillata; liver; Malathion isotops 14CDOI: 10.7454/msk.v13i2.361 
Classification of Several Skin Cancer Types based on Autofluorescence Intensity of Visible Light to Near Infrared Ratio
No full textSkin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin caused by many factors. The most common skin cancers are Basal Cell Cancer (BCC) and Squamous Cell Cancer (SCC). This research uses a discriminant analysis to classify some tissues of skin cancer based on criterion number of independent variables. An independent variable is variation of excitation light sources (LED lamp), filters, and sensors to measure autofluorescence intensity (IAF) of visible light to near infrared (VIS/NIR) ratio of paraffin embedded tissue biopsy from BCC, SCC, and Lipoma. From the result of discriminant analysis, it is known that the discriminant function is determined by 4 (four) independent variables i.e., blue LED-red filter, blue LED-yellow filter, UV LED-blue filter, and UV LED-yellow filter. The accuracy of discriminant in classifying the analysis of three skin cancer tissues is 100%
Under-Utilization of Community Health Centers in Purworejo Regency, Central Java
No full textThe basic strategy of the Ministry of Health to achieve Health For All In Indonesia 2010 is through health paradigm, decentralization, professionalism and health service management. Community health centers play an important role to achieve the goal. Unfortunately, underutilization of community health centers is still a problem in Purworejo. The purpose of this study was to know the utilization of community health centers using a sociological health approach. Qualitative research by observation, in-depth interview and focus group discussion were done among different types of group. The study was done in Purworejo District on February and March 2000. The main problems related to under-utilization of community health centers are mostly on administration (less quality services, un-efficient, long hours waiting), strong bureaucratic system (physician has a dominant power, overlapping programs, poor coordination and integration with other divisions) and cultural behavior of the community (labeling/stigma, self-care dominant, lack of community participation). To overcome under-utilization of community health centers the administration and bureaucracy should be changed into more efficient, not bureaucratic management. In addition social changes of the community culture is needed. As a consequence through these changes the staff of the health centers will be more efficient and effective.  
Low Immunity Response in the Elderly
No full textAging is related to a number of changes in the immunity function, mainly the reducing of Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI). The immunocompetence of elderly worsen with age including the rate of immune respons against infection. It means that older people have a high risk of getting diseases such as infection, cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune disorder, or other chronic diseases. All of these diseases occured in elderly due to the immunoglobulin production decrease. Thus, vaccination given to elderly often might not be effective against diseases. Older people who commonly suffer from a decrease of macro and micronutrients will have a low function and response of the immune system. Therefore, malnutrition cases in elderly should have early specific attention including consideration in given vaccination for preventing diseases. Infectious diseases mostly suffered by older people can be prevented or reduced through improving nutrition efforts because the immune system will be improved. If the immune function of the elderly can be improved, the individual quality of life increases and the health cost can be suppressed.