Makara Journal of Health Research
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Study of Obstetric Emergency Lethal Cases in Purworejo Hospital, Central Java
No full textImproving the way of caring during delivery and pregnancy can reduced maternal and perinatal mortality. The improvement of caring on social, cultural, economic, and education aspects, can assist to overcome 64% of maternal mortality. The change of clinical management can eliminate 36% of maternal mortality. The awareness of the community about dangers during pregnancy and the knowledge on pregnancy minimize obstetric emergency, however many traditional beliefs and the practice of postponement decisions in searching treatment by health providers are still common in the community. The aims of the study were to trace four cases with obstetric emergency in the community and to know the role and knowledge of family members on this problem. The study used the qualitative method with indepth interviews with the husband or family member and seven key informants. The four cases were purposive samples. The maternal death was caused by medical and non-medical factors. Husbands or family members, who did not have any knowledge on signs of danger during pregnancy, were contributing to medical factors. The too late decision to use health facilities was made by the husband or senior family members. Health facilities such as blood bank in the hospital were minimal, which influenced the outcome of the cases. The existing of beliefs and tradition besides the socio-economic status also may contribute to the maternal mortality. The medical and non-medical aspects may have an impact on the decision-making process in managing obstetric emergency causing maternal mortality of the cases. 
The Pattern of the Use of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Children with Typhoid Fever in Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta, 2001-2002
No full textThis study was a retrospective study using a descriptive design on the treatment of typhoid fever involving 182 children at Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta. Chloramphenicol was still the drug of choice againts Salmolella typhi. It was also shown that ceftriaxone was an alternative drug used rather frequently for typhoid fever in children
Aedes aegypti Larva Density as an Indicator of the Success in Mosquito Breeding Place Irradication in East Srondol Village, Semarang
No full textInterventions have been done to reduce DHF incidence, such as fogging and suggestion to do 3M Plus, but ABJ (larva’s number) of Semarang is still under the target. The best intervention is by doing 3M Plus. The aims of this research are to know the relation between social characteristics, knowledge, and attitude with the habitual elimination 3M Plus of mosquito sites, the relation between the habitual elimination 3M Plus of mosquito sites with larva density, the larva density and also the prediction model of larva density from the habitual elimination 3M Plus of mosquito sites. The research has been done at Kelurahan Srondol Wetan, with observational, quantitative, and explanatory research by using cross-sectional survey method. The population were the houses with the respondent-the person who did the habitual elimination 3M Plus of mosquito sites. Sample number were 188 with stratified random sampling. The statistic test was the Kendalls Tau and multiple regresion. The result showed that there are relation between social characteristics such as education, family number, job, and salary, with the habitual elimination 3M Plus of mosquito sites but there is no relation with age, knowledge and attitude. There are also relations between the habitual elimination 3M Plus of mosquito sites at bath tub, water tub and also bucket with the larva density. Based on those results, Health Department of Semarang especially Community Health Center in Srondol Wetan expected to do health education about 3M Plus at bath tub, bucket and water tub. Suggestion also addressed to the next researcher to use purposive sampling and water storage classification for the same research
The impact of sosiodemographic and environmental factor on chikungunya outbreaks at Cinere, Limo Sub District, Depok City in 2006
No full textOn october 2005, in Depok occured chikungunya outbreaks that attack 200 citizen at Cinere, Limo Sub District, Depok City. This study purpose is to know the impact of sosidemographic and enviromental factor on chikungunya outbreaks at Cinere, Limo Sub District, Depok City. Research design is case control study. The number of case group and control group is 118 patient. Factor studied are education, knowlwdge, house density, age, occupation, sex, mobility, anti-mosquito chemical, existance of mosquito-larva, container, and wire netting. The result of the study suggest that there are three variabels that involved in chikungunya outbreaks, namely education (OR=1,9: 1,12-3,23), age (OR= 2,1: 1,22-3,46), and house density (OR=2,2: 1,25-3,80). Multivariat analysis showed that the most dominant factors are house density, and followed by education. Probability of chikungunya outbreaks is 2,1 for low house density and low education
Association Between Out of Pocket Patient's Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention at Wisma Jaya's Community Health Centre, Municipality of Bekasi, 2007
No full textNumber of out of pocket patient tends to decrease during 2005 - 2006. Patient satisfaction affects to patient’s repurchase intention of health services. This research aim is to identify the association between out of pocket patient’s satisfaction and their intention to repeated visit to Puskesmas Wisma Jaya Bekasi in 2007. Research design used cross sectional approach. Data were collected from 219 respondents. Statistical multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analysis the data. The result shows proportion of respondent who wanted to re-utilize Puskesmas Wisma Jaya is 93.2 %. This study found out of pocket patient who satisfied will have 7.5 times to repeated visit Puskesmas Wisma Jaya than out of pocket patient who don’t satisfied after education, age and expenses are controlled. Health District Office of Bekasi City should use service coverage and patient satisfaction as indicators to asses the efficacy performance of Puskesmas
Knowledge and Attitude of Junior and Senior High School Counselors on Health Reproduction Counseling in Semarang
No full textTo provide of in dissemination of information on reproduction health (RH) is important for adolescents. This research aimed to assess both knowledge and attitude towards RH among counselors of junior as well as senior high schools in Semarang. Using a cross sectional survey, data was gathered using pre-test before and post test after intervention that measure knowledge and attitude. Thirty respondents were participated in the study. They consisted of 15 counselor teachers from 8 junior high schools and 8 senior high schools in Semarang City. The results showed that there were significant increase in knowledge score on RH before and after intervention in both groups. There was also significant improvement in each group in their supportive attitude toward RH education. The result shows that respondents’ knowledge after the research is good junior high group, (80%) and high school group (100%). Respondents support RH education both from junior high group (93.3%) and high school group (100%). There was a significant knowledge increase (p = 0.001), and significant attitude change (p = 0.003) after RH education for junior high counselor. In senior high group, there was a significant knowledge increase (p = 0.0095) and significant attitude change (p= 0, 0095) after RH education for high school counselors. It is recommended that similar RH education is conducted among both junior and high school counselor. 
Breastfeeding and Early CHildhood Caries (ECC) Severity of Children under Three Years Old in DKI Jakarta
No full textThe prevalence and severity of caries in children under three years old are constantly increasing. One of the cause is the increase consumption of cariogenic carbohydrate. Breast milk have buffer capacity that eventually able to prevent caries. The aims of this research are to discover the correlation between breastfeeding with the severity of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in children under three years old, to provide information on prevalence and severity of caries in children under three years, and to explain factors influencing the incidence of ECC. This research designed cross sectionally and conducted upon 565 children aged 12-38 months, selected using multistage cluster random sampling. The ECC prevalence of children under three years in DKI Jakarta is 52.7%, with average score of def-t 2.85. Bivariate analysis showed that, variables which correlate with the level of ECC are; the way to deliver (p=0,012), frequency (p=0,002), duration (p=0,002), salivary buffer capacity (p=0.013), habitual consumption of sugary diet (p=0.005), child’s dental hygiene behavior (p=0.002), and mother’s education (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that ECC can be explained by these variables: age, mother’s education, the way to deliver and frequency of breast milk complements/replacement of consumtions, child’s brushing habit, plaque pH, and salivary buffer capacity. Resulting determination coefficient 32.1%. There is no significant correlation between breastfeeding and the level of Early Childhood Caries (ECC). The role of protective qualities of breastfeeding are not shown because of bias in obtaining data influence the incidence of caries
Analysis of the Cost Effectivity in Treating Typhoid Fever in Children with Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone in Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta 2001 – 2002
No full textThis study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data related to treatment of typhoid fever in childhood. A total of 97 patients received chloramphenicol and 45 patients received ceftriaxone. The patients ranged in age from 1 to 15 years. Length of stay in hospital range from 3 to 12 days (mean 4,408 days for patients receiving ceftriaxone and 6,598 days for patients receiving chloramphenicol). Ceftriaxone is a more cost effective alternative drug compared to chloramphenicol to treat typhoid fever in childhood
Comparison of Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome as Acid-Fast Bacilli Staining Methods in Sputum
No full textBecause of its simplicity, rapidity, low cost and relatively sensitive, sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy is the primary tool for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis and follow up of therapy. This experiment is aimed to determine the best acid-fast staining method that can be used for routine laboratory examination, especially in the high burdened clinical laboratory. We compared the sensitivity, specivity, and the positive and negative predictive value of 3 kinds of methods : Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome, using culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media as the gold standard. The smear results were observed using IUTLD scale. Twenty seven of 98 sputum specimens from 98 patients with clinical suspicion of tuberculosis (27,6 %) were positive by culture. The sensitivity of Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome were 62,9%, 81,5% and 92,6%, while the specivity were 92,9%, 91,6% and 91,1% respectively. The positive predictive value were 77,3 %, 78,6 %, 71,4 % , and the negative predictive value were 86,8 %, 92,9 %, 96,8 % respectively. Although fluorochrome gave the highest sensitivity, it needs special expensive equipments. We conclude that Ziehl Neelsen is still the method of choice for detecting AFB in sputum microscopically
The Utilization of Additional Cassava Starch (Manihot utilisima) for Alginate Dental Impression Material
No full textIn Indonesia alginate which is a common impression material used in dentistry is still imported. Since the economic crisis in 1998 the alginate price becoming four times more expensive. This situation resulted in efforts to modify the commercial alginate as had been conducted by a dentist in South Sumatera province in Indonesia. He who had added cassava starch into the commercial alginate used to make partial denture impression. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of additional cassava starch into the commercial alginate on its ability to produce reproduction detail using type III gypsum the amont of 120 specimens were divided into 6 group of various additional cassava starch 45–55%. The specimens then being impressed with detail reproduction tool (ISO No. : 1563/1978) and the result is then analyzed under a stereo microscope. Conclusion: the alginate impression material with cassava starch with ratio up to 47,5% can be used as an impression in 50μm and 75μm in depth line.