Makara Journal of Health Research
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Demographic Factors and the Risk of Malnutrition and Nutrition for Less at Three Different Communities in West Sumatra
No full textThis study discussed the problem of malnutrition at three communities in West Sumatra, namely; urban community, fishery community and farming community. Data of this study were obtained by doing field study toward 572 families which were selected or chosen by using purposive random sampling technique. The result of studying on the evaluation of the status of nutrition of children under five years. Showed its implication (1) there were still many children under five years who have malnutrition in West Sumatra. Where the prevalence of malnutrition of about 17.6 persen and less nutrition about 14 persen, (2) poverty and the level of education of parents were main factors making less than five years children have malnutrition. This polemic becomes complex when the intervention of government for the poverty is weak so that poverty especially at fishery, urban and traditional farming community is not able to bring change on the welfare of society and this has implication for the existence of malnutrition for under five years children. In this case, systematic effort is needed to integrate the program for overcoming poverty and program for providing food in order to be able to minimize the risk of malnutrition in society
Effective Leadership of Head Nurse Increase the Implementation ofd Patient Safety Culture by Nurse Practitioners of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta
No full textLeadership effectiveness is one factor that contributes to successfully patient safety culture applied. This study aimed to identify the correlation of leadership effectiveness of head nurse to apply the patient safety culture in the wards. Research design used correlation analytic with cross sectional approach to 206 clinical nurses as samples. Data analysis used Pearson, Spearman, t independent and linier regression. This study shown there was a weak positive correlation between head nurse leadership effectiveness and the application of patient safety culture by clinical nurses. This study’s recommendation were 1) improvement of the head nurses’ knowledge related to organizational function, 2) appropriate job description, 3) patient safety culture training, 4) continuing nursing education program, and 5) relevant reward system based on patient safety achievement. 
Individual and Housing Environment Risk Factors Related to Malaria in Punduh Pedada, Pesawaran District of Lampung Province in 2010
No full textThe design of this study is the cross sectional with survey methods. The population was households in Sukajaya Punduh, Kampung Baru, Pulau Pahawang, Sukarame, Kota Jawa, Bawang, Sukamaju, and Pagar Jaya in Punduh Pedada with a sample of 414 persons from 82 households, selected through multistage cluster sampling. The results showed that the incidence of malaria infection prevalence in sub Punduh Pidada is 52.2% and the type of plasmodium is P. vivax. Knowledge, perception, use of mosquito nets, use of anti-mosquito drugs, the use of wire gauze, cover the body, activities outside the home that night and the job is the individual risk factors. Housing conditions, environmental brood of mosquitoes, cattle raising and the distance of the house with a brood is a residential environmental risk factors. Proposed research is to improve the behavior of individuals and improve the environment held by the community worked together with all stakeholders
The Difference of Food Pattern and Physical Activity between Obese and Non Obese Teenage Group
No full textObesity in teenage is a syndrome that happened because of fat accumulation in the body. Obesity occured because of complex interaction between parental fatness, food pattern, and physical activity. In Indonesia, prevalence of teenage obesity is gradually increasing. The aim of this research was to analyze about the difference of food pattern and physical activity between obesity and non obesity teenage group. This study was an analytical observational research with cross sectional design. The samples were 40 teenage from Santa Agnes senior high school Surabaya (age 15-17) that was taken by simple random sampling, that divers to 20 obese and 20 non obese teenage group. The data were analysed by Mann Whitney test for nutrition knowledge, pocket money, food pattern, fast food’s consumption, snack’s consumption pattern, consumption level of energy, carbohydrat, protein, and fat, physical activity and parental fatness. The result of the statistic test showed that variables significant difference are nutrition knowledge, pocket money, food pattern, fast food’s consumption, snack’s consumption pattern, energy consumption level, carbohydrate consumption level, protein consumption level, fat consumption level, physical activity and parental fatness between obese and non obese teenage group. The conlusion is that significant differences are food pattern and physical activity between obese and non obese teenage group. Recommendation is necessary to provide information and education to teenage about healthy food and adequate physical activity to prevent obesity
HIV Prevalence among Pregnant Women in Eight Provincial Capitals in Indonesia in 2003-2010
No full textThis study has aims to determine the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among pregnant women in the community and to estimate the number of babies born with HIV, using secondary data of 11.693 pregnant women from Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program conducted the Pelita Ilmu Foundation during 2003-2010 in eight provincial capitals in Indonesia. The HIV diagnosis was based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The HIV prevalence was calculated from those who participated in the post-test counseling. Mantel Haenszel Chi-square test was performed to see the trend. Of all pregnant women, 98% expressed their desire for HIV testing. The women, then, were given pre-test counseling. Of the pre-test counseled respondents, 95% were willing to do HIV test and of the HIV tested respondents 88% followed the post-test counseling to get the test result, and as much as 0.41% are HIV positive. HIV prevalence quite vary and there is an increasing trend from 2003 to 2009, from 0.36% in 2003-2006, rose to 0.52% in 2008, rose to 0.54% in 2009, then fell to 0.25% in 2010. An estimated 8.604 infants were born with HIV every year. However, if PMTCT program was implemented there will be 8.112 babies averted with HIV and will save around 42 billion rupiah per year. It is concluded that the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in the community were still low and vary in five-time observations. It is recommended that the government should implement a PMTCT program and integrated it with maternal & child health and family planning program
Identification of Comfort Level Based on Transforming Growth Factor β1 and Cortisol Levels in Patients with Chronic Wound
No full textComfort is one among several aspects that should be considered in the treatment of diabetic wounds. This study aimed to analyze the expression of TGF β1 and the level of cortisol in modern and conventional wound care techniques of diabetic wounds. TGF β1 expression and cortisol levels were measured on day 0 (pretest) and 4 (posttest). Samples were taken from patients with diabetic ulcer in the Saiful Anwar District Hospital at Malang. The expression of TGF β1 was measured by immunohistochemical methods in the Department of Physiology, Brawijaya University Faculty of Medicine. Cortisol level was measured with ELISA method. The results obtained from the modern group were increased TGF β1 expression and decreased cortisol level. The conventional group yielded decreased TGF β1 expression and decreased cortisol level. The cortisol level decrease was greater in the modern group. T test results showed no significant differences of modern wound care techniques and conventional on the expression of TGF β1 and cortisol levels in diabetic wounds (p value < 0,05). Pearson correlation test results showed a significant relationship between changes in cortisol levels with changes in expression of TGF β1 (p = 0,028). It can be concluded that the techniques of modern wound care is more able to increase the expression of TGF β1 and to decrease the cortisol levels compared with conventional techniques
Relationship between Maternal Nutritional Status and Infant Birth Weight of Vegetarians in DKI Jakarta
No full textInfant’s birth weight, especially low birth weight (LBW), are intergenerational issues that will affect the cycle of life. Vegetarian diets are at risk because limited food consumption could cause nutrient deficiencies. This retrospective study aims to determine the relationship between maternal nutritional status (pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy) and infant’s birth weight among vegetarians in Jakarta. The total sample of 85 children aged 1 month to 5 years was selected purposively. Results showed that the mean of pre-pregnancy BMI of vegetarian mothers is 20.2 kg/m2 (±2.2 kg/m2), pregnancy weight gain is 15.5 kg (±6.4 kg) and infant’s birth weight is 3212 gs (±417.7 gs). Pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain were significantly associated with infant’s birth weight of vegetarians. There is no relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain. Multivariate analysis found that pre-pregnancy BMI, protein, vitamin B12, iron, and Zn intakes and sex has relationship with infant’s birth weight. It is recommended that vegetarian mothers should get information about the importance of pre-pregnancy nutrition, optimal pregnancy weight gain, and maintaining adequate intake of protein, vitamin B12, iron, and Zn during pregnancy
Analysis of the Functional Independence Measure Value of Cervical Spine Injury Patients with Conservative Management
No full textCervical spine injury is one of the most common spinal cord injuries in trauma patients. From 100,000 spinal cord injury cases reported in the United States of America (2008), sixty seven percent involve cervical spine injury. American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) impairment score is used as an initial assessment but not enough attention prognostic outcome of these patients was paid to. The objective of this study is to analyze the value of functional independence measure (FIM) cervical spine injury patients with conservative management and its correlation with age, sex, type of trauma, onset of trauma, cervical abnormalities, type of cervical spine lesion and ASIA impairment score. A prospective cohort study was performed to all patients with cervical spine injury treated in Neurosurgery Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung that fullfiled the inclusion criteria. The subjects were classified based on age, sex, single/multiple trauma, acute/chronic, cervical abnormalities, complete/incomplete lesion and ASIA impairment score. The FIM examination was performed in Outpatient clinic of Neurosurgery. T-test and chi-square test was done to analyze the data. There were 17 cervical spine injury patients treated in Neurosurgery Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital during April 2009–April 2010. The average FIM value of cervical spine injury in those patients is 4+1.63 by cohort prospective study. There were no correlation between FIM value with age, sex, type of trauma, onset of trauma and cervical abnormalities. Significant correlations were found between FIM value with type of cervical spine lesion and ASIA impairment score in cervical spine patients. Type of cervical spine lesion and ASIA impairment score have significant correlation with FIM value of patients in 6 months after cervical injury
Examination of Acid-Fast Bacilli in Sputum using Modified Light Microscope with Homemade Light Emitting Diode Additional Attachment
No full textTypical clinical symptoms and chest X-ray is a marker of Tuberculosis (TB) sufferers. However, the diagnosis of TB in adults should be supported by microscopic examination. Currently, Bacilli microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) coloring is the most widely used. However, for reasons of convenience, especially for laboratories with a considerable amount of smear samples, and due to higher sensitivity compared with ZN staining, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of auramine-O-staining (fluorochrome staining), which is visualized by light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of modified light microscope with homemade LED additional attachment for examination of AFB in sputum using auramine-O-staining method. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of 2 kinds of AFB in sputum methods: ZN and fluorochrome, using culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media as the gold standard. The results showed auramine-O-staining gives more proportion of positive findings (81%) compared to the ZN method (70%). These results demonstrated that the sensitivity of auramine-O-staining was higher than ZN, however it gives more potential false positive results than ZN. The sensitivity of auramine-O-staining in detecting AFB in sputum was 100% while the specificity was 88%
Injection of Carica papaya L. Seed Extract of Cibinong Variety to Macaca fascicularis L. and its Effect to Quality of Spermatozoa and Level of Testosterone Hormone
No full textLack of contraceptive choices which meet the requirements is one of the contributing factors to less participation of man in contraceptive use. This research aimed to study the effectiveness of natural material for alternative male contraception, by injecting papaya seed extract with Cibinong variety (Carica papaya L.) to long tail monkey (Macaca fascicularis L). The research was conducted at Primates Study Center, Institute of Agriculture, Bogor. Total samples of this research were 8 monkeys, with three intervention groups and one control group. Papaya seed extract was injected via intramuscular in 21 days, with dose for each group were 40 mg/monkey, 80 mg/monkey, and 120 mg/monkey. Data analysis of spermatozoa quality (motility, viability, morfology) was done by using Cochran test before and after intervention stages, and during recovery stage. Meanwhile, data aalysis of spermatozoa concentration and testosterone hormone level was done by using Friedman test. Result of this reseach demonstrated reduction of motility, viability, and morfology of spermatozoa after inejction of papaya seed extract and increase to normal level at recovery stage (p ≤0.05). These results was supported with cement aglutination. The most effective dose was at 40 mg/monkey/day, with reduction of spermatozoa motility from 87.5 % to 40%, and reduction of testosterone level from 2.35 ng/mL to 1.83 ng/mL. Even though spermatozoa motility and testosterone hormone level reduced, but its conditions were still in good condition category