Makara Journal of Health Research
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The Carrageenan Dietary Fiber Suplementation in Feed to Improving Blood Lipid Parameters of Hypercholesterolemic Mice
No full textCarrageenan is example of food with high content of fiber. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of carrageenan supplementations on blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice. The experiment were done at animal cages Departemen of Biology Education, Indonesia University of Education and Fisiology Laboratory Faculty of Veteriner Medicine, Bogor Agricultural Institute on August 2011 until March 2012. The experimental mice were assigned into a completely randomized design with 5 treatments i.e., negative control group; normocholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet, positive control group; hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet without carrageenan supplementation, treatments group; hypercholesterolemic mice feds with supplemented with 15%, 30%, and 46% carrageenan. The nonsoluble content of dietary fiber in the experimental treatments were 6.92, 8.75, 10.48, 12.27, and 14.05%, respectively. The parameters measured were body weight, cholesterol levels of blood serum, liver and feces, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glucose levels. Supplementation of carrageenan as a source of dietary fiber increased serum HDL concentrations, and decreased body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL concentrations of hypercholesterolemic male mice without a significant effect on serum glucose consentrations. Hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a supplemented with 46% carrageenan decreased body weight by 7.99%, total serum cholesterol by 18.78%, triglyceride by 17.53%, LDL by 71.33%, and increased HDL by 15.59−20.47%. Carrageenan supplementation reduce liver cholesterol levels by 38.46% and increased cholesterol excretion through feces by 57.07%. Supplementation of 46% carrageenan in hipercholesterolemic fed is effective in improving blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice
Evaluation on Conventional Antihypertension Use and Natural-Conventional Combination on Patient with Hypertension
No full textThe proportion of hypertensive disease in Depok city was 57.4% in 2002. Primary health centers had given antihypertensive medication. In addition to the drugs commonly given by a doctor (conventional), many patients took medicinal plants (natural medicine). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combination therapy of convensional-herbal on blood pressure in hypertensive patients in five primary health centers in Depok. This retrospective cohort study used samples of hypertension patients who came to primary health centers. Patients who were willing to join the study were 123 patients and grouped in to conventional therapy group (74 people) and combination of conventional-herbal therapy group (49 people). The majority of hypertensive patients who came to the health centers area of Depok were women, aged 50-59 years old, married, came from ethnic Betawi, less educated, unemployed/ housewives, low income and suffering from hypertension stage II. Combination therapy of convensional-herbal had better effect on diastolic and convensional therapy had better effect on systolic. However, no significant difference between them (p>0.05). The continuity of treatment affected systolic blood pressure (p<0.05). This study showed that had not seen clearly influence of herbal that is used combination with conventional drugs in lowering blood pressure
Hypertension among on Shore Oil Selected Workers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
No full textHypertension is an increase of blood pressure (systolic or diastolic) in the arteries (>140/90 mm/Hg). Hypertension is a primary risk factor for heart disease and stroke. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors of hypertension in the workers on-shore oil and gas company in East Kalimantan, 2008. Study design was a cross sectional study. The subject of this research was employees of on shore of oil and gas company (male) aged 35-55 years of age in East Kalimantan were eligible for inclusion and exclusion criteria (n=294). The results showed that the prevalence of hypertension in the on-shore workers was 18.9%. Age and body mass index were associated with hypertension(p<0.05). The most dominant factor associated with hypertension was age (OR=4,2;95%CI: 1.224-14.340). The high prevalence of hypertension in the oil and gas company need more serious attention from the company (especially the medical unit) through the efforts of health promotion activities are carried out regularly and continuosly; how to change a life style such as body weight management including balancing diet, and check the blood pressure regularly
Mothers' Dental Health Behaviors and Mother-Child's Dental Caries Experiences: Study of a Suburb Area in Indonesia
No full textDespite the importance of conducting regular epidemiological surveys to monitor dental health in lower socio-economic citizens especially of preschool children, only few papers werepublished respectively. The aims of this study were to describe preschool children's and their mother's dental caries experiences and to describe mothers' knowledge and behaviors' towards dental health in a suburb area near the capital city of Indonesia. The samples were 152 mother-child pairs with children age less than 5 years old. Intra oral examination by decay-missing-filling-teeth index was performed. Moreover, interviews were conducted to gain information regarding mothers’ oral health behavior and knowledge. 70% children had caries with mean dmf-t = 3.7, consisting 100% of component decay. 90% mothers had caries with DMF-T=7.8, consisting 99% of component decay. More than 50% of mothers had low knowledge and behaviors towards dental health, which comprises of: (1) never checked their children’s dental health, (2) starting to clean their child's teeth after child's age is more than 1 years old, (3) don’t know that caries is an infectious disease, (4) frequently using same feeding and drinking equipments together with their children, (5) considering deciduous teeth are not important because it will be replaced with permanent teeth anyway. It could beconcluded that the prevalence of dental caries in studied sample were high, these were relevant to the findings that the mother's knowledge and behaviors' towards dental health were low. The results of this study demonstrated that mothers might have a high contribution in their child’s caries risk. Prevention should be undertaken at an early age and actively including caregivers is essential in planning and conducting any dental health interventions
Between Needs and Taboos: Sexuality and Reproductive Health Education for High School Students
No full textAdolescents’ knowledge on sexuality and reproductive health is still limited, although there have been initiatives to provide sexual and reproductive health education as indicated by previous studies. This paper examines reproductive health and sexuality education for adolescents that has been conducted by government and non-government at the high school level. This paper is based on a research using mixed methods of quantitative methods that are supported by qualitative. Quantitative methods are surveys conducted to 918 students and 128 high school teachers and supported by focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in eight cities in Indonesia. Focus group discussions conducted to civil society organizations, teacher forums, and youth groups, while in-depth interviews conducted to local government, parents, school committees, and religious/community leaders. The results show that the reproductive and sexual health education does not match the reality of sexual behavior and sexual risk faced by teenagers because: (1) reproductive health and sexuality education that is given to the high school level is more focused on the biological aspects alone, (2) There is still a notion that sexuality is a taboo to be given at school, (3) the sexuality education tends to emphasize the dangers of premarital sex from the moral and religious point of view, (4) the sexuality education has not looked at the importance of aspects of gender relations and rights of adolescents in adolescent reproductive and sexual health. The construction of adolescent sexuality and the discourse on sexuality education contribute to the content and methods of sexuality and reproductive health education for adolescents
Training Effect on Improving Cadres’ Knowledge and Skills of Obesity and Hypertension in Older People
No full textPoor skill of cadres on nutritional status assessment in older people with disability should be increased. BMI (body mass index) Meter tool has been developed to predict the nutritional status of the elderly. Interpretation of the measurement results in the form of nutritional status i.e. underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity need to be followed up with preventive efforts. Most nutritional problems which faced by elderly are obesity and hypertension. Therefore, obesity and hypertension counseling training for cadres posbindu and community health center staff was needed. The aim of this study is to assess the training effect on knowledge and skills in counseling obese and hypertension of elderly related to results of nutritional status asseesment of elderly using BMI Meter. Quasi-experimental design used in the study towards 38 cadres from 21 posbindus and 7 community health centers’ staffs in Depok City. The study results showed that most respondents knew the function of BMI Meter was to measure the predicted height of elderly with physical limitations at post-test (90%). Majority respondents aged between 40-49 years (42.2%) graduated from high school/vocational school (46.7%). At post-training, knowledge score increased almost 15 points and knowledge score at pre-training had significant difference with post-training (p = 0.000). Respondents whose previous nutrition and health training had significant difference with knowledge (p = 0.002). It also supported by increase their ability to conduct obesity and hypertension campaigns for elderly during twice observation field visit. Almost all respondents were able to counsel well in the delivery of media content sistematically and in interesting way. It was concluded that knowledge and skills can be improved through training and post training retention
Antiproliferative Activity of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) on 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]antracene (DMBA) Induced Mice Lung Cell
No full textLung cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. Nigella sativa is a plant that has an anticancer activity. Previous research showed that the chloroform extract of N. sativahave cytotoxic effect on T47D cells. This study aimed to observe the effect of cloroform extract of N. sativaseed (NSS) on mice lung cell after initiation of 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene. Sprague Dawleystrain female rats were divided intofive groups. Each group consisted of 12 rats. The experiment consisted of five mice groups, corn oil as a solvent control group, the DMBA dose 20 mg/kgBW p.o. twice a week during five weeks, DMBA+NSS dose 250 mg/kgBW, DMBA+NSS dose 500 mg/kgBW, and DMBA+NSS dose 750 mg/kgBW. Extract which was dissolved into corn oil was administered daily by the oral route 1 week before and during the DMBA induction. At the end of the study, the experimental mice were sacrified and colon organs were collected and then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and AgNOR method. H&E staining showed there was a decrease damage inthe treatment group compare with DMBA group. In AgNOR staining result showed mAgNOR value in DMBA group was 1.47±0.558, in extract group (250, 500 and 750mg/kgBB) was 0.44±0.172, 1.38±0.140 and 1.25±0.164 respectively and in corn oil group was 0.65±0.050. The results showed that N. sativareduced the damage of colon cells and inhibit colon cell proliferation on mice induced DMBA. This study indicated that N. sativacan be developed into a chemopreventive agent for lung cancer
Risk Factors in the Incidence of Gouty Arthritis in Masohi Town, Central Maluku Regency in 2010
No full textThe gouty arthritis incidence rate in Masohi Townof Central Maluku Regency is 54 people based on the data from the general hospital in Masohi. The aim of study was to find out the risk factor in the incidence of gouty arthritis in Masohi Town of Central Maluku Regency. The study was analytic observation using a control case study. The number of respondents was 196 people consisting of 98 cases and 98 controls. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) and multiple logistic regression. The results of the study indicate that the risk factors in the incidence of gouty arthritis are hypertension (OR = 2.20 CI 95%; 1.24-3.90), central obesity (OR = 3.04 CI 95%; 1.66-5.55), alcoholic comsumption (OR = 2.28 CI 95%; 1.29-4.05), purine food consumption (OR = 5.14 CI 95% 2.80-9.44), gout history in family (OR = 3.10 CI 95%; 1.73-5.55), and soft drink consumption (OR = 1.33 CI 95%; 0.72-2.45). The multivariate analysis indicates that the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of gouty arthritis is purine food consumption (p = 0.000). Since the consumption of purine food is the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of gouty arthritis, diet pattern is necessary for the patients
Maya Index and Larva Density Aedes Aegypti Toward Dengue Infection
No full textSouth Denpasar District was of there as with the highest dengue cases in Bali province. The number of mosquito breeding places and larvae density become risk factor that influenced the spreading of mosquitoes. Maya index was an indicator to measure the amount of water reservoirs can be breeding places for mosquitoes. Knowing the relationship between maya index and density of larvae and pupae of Ae.aegypti toward dengue infection in South Denpasar District. The study was observational analytic with case-control design. Data was collected through interviews and field observations to 150 respondents. The survey entomologist with indicators maya index, house index (HI), container index (CI), breteau index (BI) and pupa index (PI) to see the density of larvae and pupae in survey area. Dengue transmission risk was categorized mild, moderate and severe based on density figure. Water storage containers inspected in 1215 containers that as many as 675 containers in the case and 540 containers in control. Water reservoirs (TPA) that the most larvae was tub (29.27%), dispenser (18.29%), container tirta (10.98%), wells (10.98%). Maya index status was lower in the case (24%) smaller than controls (37.33%). Value of HI = 23.33; CI=10.69; BI=55; PI=15.33. Based on HI and CI indicator South Denpasar District means have moderate the risk of transmission spread of dengue disease. Based on the BI, have a high risk of transmission to the spread of dengue disease. Based on the maya index showed house cases have highest risk as breeding place compare than control house. House index, Breteau index, container index, pupa index and maya index have correlation with dengue infection. Kind of breeding place have the high risk is bath tub
Motivation to Share Knowledge of Doctors in Teaching Hospital in Indonesia
No full textThe development of medical science and information communication technology recently cannot be separated. Its means that the rapid flow of information and knowledge, facilitated by information and communication technologies, makes the rapid development of medicine field and become a mandatory for all actors to keep improving their skills in the form of both soft and hard skills. This condition is followed with serious challenges, that many doctors still have a reluctance to share information and knowledge to their colleagues, especially with regard to the unique and complex cases. The main objective of this research was to determine the factors that affect the motivation of a doctor in conducting knowledge sharing with peers, especially at 4 (four) teaching hospitals in Indonesia. This research used a direct survey method through computer-based questionnaire. The number of questionnaires were collected and further processed as many as 76 examples with a participation rate of 34.55% (from a total of 220 examples of questionnaires were distributed using surveymonkey.com). The results of processing and data analysis using PLS-SEM showed that variables that had a significant influence on the motivation of doctors to share knowledge are enjoyment helping others and rewards. The main conclusion of this study is that doctors who determines the motivation to share knowledge with colleagues is coming from personal motivation and is not due to the stimulus coming from the head of the hospital's management, although the results showed that in fact there has been rewards mechanisms of the management, but the impact has not been felt particularly to increased motivation in performing activities of a doctor voluntarily sharing knowledge to colleagues