Makara Journal of Health Research
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A Simple Photometer as a Helping Device in Measuring Blood Glucose
No full textMeasurement of non-invasive blood glucose is one way to increase the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). For NIR reflectance spectroscopy, its application in non-invasive constrained by high value of standard error of prediction. The mean standard error of prediction was 25 mg/dL. Theoretically, NIR reflectance spectroscopy still can be used to predict blood glucose levels in certain conditions such as hypoglycemia (<55 mg/dL), controlled fasting blood glucose (FBG) (70-115 mg/dL), and hyperglycemia (>225 mg/dL), which the difference between the three conditions is more than 25 mg/dL. The results showed that there are significant differences in standards values of photometer measurement between controlled FBG and hyperglycemic conditions (P = 0.002). The results also showed that the photometer can be used to assist the monitoring of blood glucose in FBG under control and hyperglycemic conditions. It can be seen from the average percentage of the daily controlled FBG conditions in patients conducting SMBG in photometer-assisted compared to in patients only use SMBG once a day (28% versus 18%, P = 0.344)
Intestinal Worm Eradication Efforts on Primary School Students
No full textIntestinal infection caused by Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) is a public health problem of Indonesia. Eradication efforts and disease prevention in Indonesia started in 1975 and its coverage can reduce the prevalence to 8.9% in 2003. But in Jakarta, the last decade prevalence of worm infection increased. Factors influence of high worm infection is a clean healthy behaviors. One effort to combat STH infection to do provision to improve personal hygiene behavior which can prevent the infection. This study aims to determine rates of STH worm to 113 students of SDN Paseban Central Jakarta after counseling about Soil Transmitted Helminths infection. The study was conducted from December 2010 to June 2011 by analytic observational through stool examination and questionnaire about personal hygiene. Rate of infection before counseling was 11.5% with species are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiuraand mixed infection A. lumbricoidesand Trichuris trichiura. Six month later after counseling infection rate decline signifacantly to 0.9% (p= 0.002) with a double infection type A. lumbricoidesand T. trichiura
The Supplementation Effects of Iron and Folic Acid Compared with the Multivitamin and Mineral on Female Workers of Childbearing Age in the Pineapple Agribusiness
No full textFemale workers of childbearing age (WUS) as a major of human resources in many agribusiness exposed to anemia. This study aims to improve the iron status of anemic WUS workers with low hemoglobin (Hb) levels, who work in a pineapple agribusiness by iron supplementation. This study was conducted two periods, using a double-blind randomized trial design. Subjects were divided into two treatment groups supplements, namely IF that was given iron + folic acid and MVM that was given multi vitamin and mineral containing 15 different vitamins and minerals including iron and folic acid. The subjects of period-1 were 25 married WUS (IF=13, MVM=12) and of period-2 were 15 single WUS (BF=7, MVM=8). Supplementation performed three times weekly for 10 weeks. After supplementation, the levels of Hb, haematocrit (Hc) and serum ferritin of BF-group increased, whereas there were declines in MVM-group. The increase in Hb and Hc in married WUS was higher than the single. However, their Hb was fallen down when supplementation was continued without supervision and getting down when not given the supplements anymore. Supplementation with iron is a must for WUS workers, because they are not able to increase their Hb if only rely on their food
Direct PCR: Alternative Diagnostic Method for Diagnosis of Diphtheria Rapidly, Easily and Cost Effective
No full textSome diseases require immediate and appropriate treatment to decrease the fatality risk patients incident, for example diphtheria. Time to help patients is very crucial since delay of therapy may increase the mortality cases up to 20 times. In other hands, conventional diagnostic methods (the gold standard) for diagnosis of diphtheria is time consuming and laborious. Therefore, an alternative diagnostic method which is rapid, easy and inexpensive is needed. In this case, direct PCR has been proved to reduce time and cost in laboratory examination. This study aimed to develop direct PCR as alternative diagnostic method for diagnosis of diphtheria rapidly, easily, and inexpensive. Fifteen samples include 10 isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae (toxigenic) and 3 isolates of Corynebacterium non- diphtheriae (nontoxigenic) and 2 clinical specimens (throat swab) was examined by performing direct PCR method and a standard PCR method was used for optimizing the protocols. Result showed that direct PCR can be used to amplify target genes correctly as well as standard PCR. All of C. diphtheriae samples showed bands at 168 bp (dtxR gene marker) and 551 bp (tox gene marker) while no band appeared in others. Direct PCR detected at least 71 CFU/uL of bacterial cells in samples. We concluded that direct PCR can be used for alternative diagnostic method for diagnosis of diphtheria which is rapid, easy and cost effective
Audio Recorded Guided Imagery Method to Reduce Stress Hospitalisazation in School Age Children in Palu Hospital
No full textHospitalization is a condition of a person because of illness and hospital admission. Research objectives determine the influence of audio recorded guided imagery method to stress of hospitalization in school-age children in hospital in Palu. Quasi-experimental research design with pre and post test design with control group. The sample of children aged 7-12 years were 26 respondents intervention group and 26 control group respondents. Intervention is the method of audio recorded guided imagery, three times a day for two days (one session equal to15 minutes). The results showed the significant difference mean stress score of hospitalization after the intervention (Pv = 0.004). No contribution of confounding variables. Based on these results, audio recorded guided imagery intervention can be applied to care the sick pediatric in hospital
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Mapping: Study Case in Karawang District, West Java Indonesia
No full textThe DHF prevention efforts have been continually conducted by the local health office, but some technical obstacles such as surveillance system is still very weak, and this is known as an important part in decision making process to handle the problem using evidence based information. The research objective is to obtain information on dengue endemic mapping through GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to strengthen district surveillance system in district level. Most DHF cases occur in the productive age and located in urban areas with the larva-free rate is low. The direction of movement of the case are local diffusion. Karawang district is a low-lying areas prone to flooding. The rainy season occurs in late October to early May, but the rise of dengue cases at the turn of the rainy season to dry season, this indicates that the humidity in Karawang district supports the mosquito vector breeding. Foging will only kill adult mosquitoes, dengue control programs need to involve community participation and emphasized on public areas like schools and offices because a lot of dengue cases occurred in the productive age. GIS is capable of producing a map factors of risk and map of the case to allow for planning and evaluation of area-based dengue eradication program. GIS is useful in surveillance environmentally based disease, health interventions, and disease prevention strategies
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are Associated with a High Incidence of Gastrointestinal Side-Effects
No full textInhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme is the basis for both the efficacy and toxicity of NSAIDs. The aim of this study was to avaluate the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used in neuro polyclinic hospital of Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta, and to evaluate gastrointestinal tolerability of meloxicam 15 mg compared with diclofenac sodium 100 mg. The methode of this study was cross-sectional observation and cohort prospective on December 2010-March 2011. The data of dyspepsia associated were used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs consist of pain in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal bloating and early satiety collected with PADYQ (The porto alegre dyspeptic symptoms questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used in neuro polyclinic hospital of Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta were meloxicam (48.21%), diclofenac sodium (31.07%), mefenamic acid (15.36%), piroxicam (3.93%) dan acetaminophen (1.43%). Insiden of adverse event after 2 weeks treatment was significantly lower in the meloxicam group compared with diclofenac sodium group in pain in upper abdomen and upper abdominal bloating (p=0.020 and p=0.037). These result suggest that meloxicam was much better tolerated than diclofenac sodium after 2 weeks treatment
Anti Inflammation Effects and Acute Toxicity of Jintan Leaves (Plectranthus amboinicus) Extract on Arthritis Induced Rats
No full textJintan plant (Plectranthus amboinicus) is known as bangun-bangun plant and known as one of medicinal plants for Indonesian people. The purposes of this study were to analyze jintan leaves extract activity and to understand acute toxicity effect on arthritis induced rats. Extract were obtained from fresh jintan leaves by ethanol 96% maceration method, then diluted with CMC-Na. White rats strain wistar aged 2–3 months were divided into 5 groups: Control; treatment arthritis induced (P1), treatment arthritis induced given extract dose of 19 g/kg BW (P2); treatment arthritis induced given extract dose of 38 g/kgBW (P3) and treatment group with allopurinol dose of 2.5 mg/kg BW. Arthritis induced was done by uric acid 2% and oxonic acid 1.5% intraperitoneal for 15 days. After formed a lesion arthritis, jintan extract and allopurinol were given for 7 days. Blood serum sample were collected before and after treatment to measure Monosodium Urea (MSU) concentration. Acute toxicity test using 4 groups of Wistar rats given jintan extract starting dose of 1900 mg/kgBW, 3800 mg/kgBW and 5000 mg/kgBW. The results showed that jintan extract contain relative fraction of flavonoid, saponin, polyphenol, terpen and antraquinon. Activity test of jintan extract showed decrease concentration of MSU (p<0.05) in group P2 and P3, while in group P1, P4, and control no differences (p>0.05) before and after treatment. Acute toxicity test showed no lethal dose 50% and there were no toxic symptoms of neurological disorders and physical activity disturbance in all treatment group, so that jintan leaves extract can be classified as “practically nontoxic” herbal plant
The Affecting Factors of Fasciolopsiasis in the Elementary Student in Endemic Area
No full textFasciolopsis buski is a one of trematodes parasites which can infect human infestation of Fasciolopsis buskiinto human body due drink un-boiled water and consume uncooked water plants such as supan-supan, lotus and genjer. Incidence of Fasciolopsiasis in Indonesia is endemic in Babirik Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Utara District South Borneo Province and prevalence is 1.2-7.8%. Until now the prevalence rate Fasciolopsiasis events showed no tendency to fall, it shows the spread of disease to other areas. In Fasciolopsis buskiguess is spread through environmental sanitation and poor personal hygiene. The research objective was to analyze the relationship between house basic sanitation and Fasciolopsiasis Elementary Student in Hulu Sungai Utara District, South Borneo. During January to July of 2010. This Type of observational analytic study was performed in a cross sectional of elementary student aged 7-13 years as many as 110 students. Data collected through, interviews and observation. The data collection with laboratory examination, observation, and interview. Data analysis used multiple logistic regression. The result show that the prevalence ratio of Fasciolopsiasis incidence was 4.0% and there was relationship between incidence Fasciolopsiasis with house basic sanitation OR=97.745, drink un-boiled water, OR=2.0, consume uncooked water plants OR=39.869, Play on swamp OR=0.015, Lack of knowledge OR=0.03. It was concluded that the five variables studied house basic sanitation is not related to the incident. Fasciolopsiasis.It needs to supervise and increase school health program done by Education Office and Primary Heathcare at subdistrict level
Growth Pattern of Body Dimension of Arfak Children
No full textGrowth pattern of body height and weight reflect the nutritional status and health condition of a population. Assessment of growth pattern and nutritional status of children and adolescence is urgently needed because during this growth period there is a transition period frominfant to adult with fast growth spurt, secondary sexual character maturation, and dramatic body proportion change. A cross-sectional study of the physical growth status was done to 514Arfak children consisted of 231 girls aged 6-19 years and 283 boys aged 6-23 years, in Manokwari, West Papua Province.The study was conducted to find out the growth pattern of the body size of Arfak children. Anthropometry measurement consists of body height (cm) and body weight (kg). Growth charts of these variables showed increase with age in both sexes. Growth rate of body weight of Arfak children at juvenile phase was higher than those of other populations, such as India, Purwakarta, and Karawang, except American population.