BioWallacea Journal of Biological Research
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Pengaruh Bokasi Daun Gamal Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) dan Sifat Kimia Tanah Pada Tanah Ultisol
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to determine the effect of gamal leaf bokasi on the growth and yield of tomato plants as well as the chemical properties of the soil in Ultisol soil. This research was carried out from May to July 2023 in Mokoau Village, Kendari City. The research design used was a Randomized Group Design (RAK). The treatment tested was the dose of gamal leaf bokashi which consisted of 5 levels, namely B0 (Control) 0 g polybag-1, (BG1) 150 g polybag-1, (BG2) 300 g polybag-1, (BG3) 450 g polybag-1 and (BG4) 600 g polybag-1. Each treatment was repeated three times resulting in 15 research units. The variables observed were plant height (cm), number of branches, number of fruit, fruit weight (g) and soil chemical properties (pH, H2O, P-available and C-Organic). Observational data were analyzed using variance, while differences between treatment means were tested using the BNJ test at a confidence level of 95%. Data from the analysis of soil chemical properties in the laboratory are compared with the criteria for soil chemical properties (Soil Research Institute, 2009). The results of the research showed that giving a dose of gamal leaf bokasi had a very significant effect on plant height, number of branches, number of fruit, fruit weight and improved the chemical properties of the soil (pH H2O, P-available, C-organic. A better treatment was treatment (BG4) with a dose of 600 g polybag-1
Key words: Bokasi, Solanum lycopersicum, ultiso
Efisiensi Kombinasi Metode Anaerob dengan Penambahan Koagulan Kapur (CaO) untuk Menurunkan Kadar BOD dan COD pada Limbah Cair Industri Tahu
Get PDFLimbah cair tahu berpotensi mencemari lingkungan karena kandungan bahan organik yang cukup tinggi. Hal ini ditandai dengan tingginya kadar BOD dan COD sehingga perlu adanya proses pengolahan sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Beberapa proses yang mampu menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD ialah proses anaerob dan koagulasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efisiensi kombinasi perlakuan anaerob dan koagulasi dalam menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD. Proses anaerob dilakukan menggunakan tangki anaerob dengan penambahan bioball, dilakukan dengan waktu kontak 96 jam. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses koagulasi dengan menambahkan koagulan kapur 3 dan 5 gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai efisiensi penurunan BOD dan COD pada proses anaerob yaitu 78,5% dan 79,3%. Kemudian setelah dikombinasikan dengan proses koagulasi nilai efisiensi penurunan BOD dan COD tertinggi terjadi pada penambahan kapur 5 gram yaitu, 88,8% dan 91,7%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi proses anaerob dengan penambahan koagulan kapur mampu menurunkan kadar COD dan BOD secara signifikan
Karakteristik Morfometrik Collembola Pada Areal Lahan Karst Bekas Kebun di Kecamatan Gu dan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the morphometric characteristics of Collembola on ex-garden karst land areas in Gu and Lakudo Districts, Central Buton Regency. This research is a kind of explorative research. which is descriptive quantitative. There are four stations, namely station I where the land is temporarily cultivated, station II, which is land that has been abandoned for ± 10 years. Station III is land that has been abandoned for ± 20 years. Sampling using purposive sampling method. Soil samples were taken using the Soil Ring Sampler and then the soil samples were extracted using the Tullgren Funnel. Collembola morphometric measurements were carried out using a digital stereo microscope. The environmental parameters measured included light intensity, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, air temperature, air humidity and soil water content. The results of this study obtained as many as 6 species of Collembola with a total of 148 individuals which were carried out at four study sites. The parameters measured were body length and antenna length. The body length of species 1 ranges from 0.15 to 0.87 mm. The second species ranges from 0.20 to 0.39 mm. Species 3 ranged from 0.17 to 0.63 mm. Species 4 ranged from 0.18 to 0.78. Species 5 ranges from 0.17 to 0.68 mm. Species 6 ranges from 0.19 to 0.40 mm. The observation results show that the longer plantation land is abandoned, the greater the morphometric character of Collembola.
Keywords: Morphometric Collembola, Karst Land, Central Buton Regency
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfometrik Collembola pada areal lahan karst bekas kebun di Kecamatan Gu dan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian ekploratif. yang bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Terdapat empat stasiun yaitu stasiun I lahan yang masing sementara diolah, stasiun II yaitu lahan yang telah ditinggal selama ±10 tahun dan stasiun III yaitu lahan yang telah ditinggalkan selama ±20 tahun. Sampling menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel tanah diambil dengan menggunakan alat Soil Ring Sampler kemudian sampel tanah diekstraksi menggunakan Tullgren Funnel. Pengukuran morfometrik Collembola dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop stereo secara digital. Parameter lingkungan yang diukur meliputi intensitas cahaya, suhu tanah, pH tanah, suhu udara, kelembapan udara dan kandungan air tanah. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan sebanyak 6 spesies Collembola dengan total 148 individu yang dilakukan pada tiga lokasi penelitian. Parameter yang diukur yaitu panjang tubuh dan panjang antenna. Panjang tubuh spesies 1 berkisar antara 0,15 sampai 0,87 mm. Spesies kedua berkisar antara 0,20 sampai 0,39 mm. Spesies 3 berkisar antara 0.17 sampai 0,63 mm. Spesies 4 berkisar antara 0,18 sampai 0,78. Spesies 5 berkisar antara 0,17 sampai 0,68 mm. Spesies 6 berkisar antara 0,19 sampai 0,40 mm. Hasil pengamatan diketahui semakin lama lahan perkebunan ditinggalkan maka karakter morfometrik Collembola semakin besar.
Kata Kunci: Morfometrik Collembola, Lahan Karst, Kabupaten Buton Tenga
Profil Senyawa Kimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombucha Daun Senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the chemical content profile of kombucha preparations from Senggani leaves and determine the antibacterial activity of Senggani leaf kombucha (Melastoma candidum D. Don) against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The determination of flavonoid and phenolic profiles was carried out qualitatively using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. Testing of antibacterial activity was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Senggani leaf kombucha was successfully made which was characterized by the formation of a SCOBY cellulose layer on the surface of the kombucha production medium and the presence of a distinctive fermentation aroma. KLT screening results showed that pure extracts of Seggani leaves, decoctions of Senggani leaves and kombucha of Senggani leaves contained flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Senggani leaf kombucha has antibacterial activity against the bacteria that cause body odor Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Thin layer chromatography, Kombucha, Senggani leaf.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan profil kandungan kimia pada sediaan kombucha dari daun Senggani dan menentukan aktivitas antibakteri kombucha dari daun Senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penentuan profil flavonoid dan fenolik dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Data hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis secara statistik One Way ANOVA dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%,α <0,05%. Kombucha daun Senggani berhasil dibuat yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya lapisan selulosa SCOBY di permukaan larutan kombucha yang difermentasi dan adanya aroma khas fermentasi. Hasil skrining KLT ekstrak murni daun Senggani, rebusan dan kombucha daun Senggani mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat paling rendah diperoleh pada kombucha dengan konsentrasi 10% dengan nilai 1,45 mm, sedangkan rata-rata aktivitas antibaktei tertinggi kombucha daun Senggani berada pada konsentrasi 100% dengan nilai 6,23. Kombucha daun Senggani memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap baktei Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Kata Kunci: Antibakteri, Daun Senggani, Kombucha, Kromatografi Lapis tipi
Analisis Kepadatan Lalat (Musca domestica) Di Lingkungan Peternakan Ayam Desa Waworaha Kecamatan Soropia, Sulawesi Tenggara
Get PDFThis research aims to determine the level of House fly (Musca domestica) population density in residential areas around chicken farms in Waworaha Village, Soropia District, Southeast Sulawesi. This research is a type of observational research with a survey approach. The variables observed were the observation distance from the drum, the observation distance from the settlement and the density of flies. Observations were carried out in 2 zones using fly grills placed at a distance of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 m in each observation zone. Data collection was carried out for 30 seconds, at each distance and carried out 10 repetitions, analysis was carried out on the 5 highest fly population calculation results. Data were analyzed to determine the density, distribution and frequency of fly density. The research results showed that the density of flies in residential areas around chicken farms in Waworaha Village, Soropia District in two locations was classified as high, namely in zone 1 at 8.7 and in zone 2 at 7.0. Most of the sampling areas show high population density which indicates that the livestock location has a bad category.
Keywords : Chicken Farm, Density, House flay (Musca domestica)
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepadatan populasi lalat rumah (Musca domestica) di lingkungan permukiman di sekitar peternakan ayam di Desa Waworaha Kecamatan Soropia, Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan survei. Variabel yang diamati adalah jarak pengamatan dari kendang, jarak pengamatan dari permukiman dan kepadatan lalat. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 2 zona dengan menggunakan fly grill yang diletakkan dengan jarak 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 dan 75 m pada masing-msing zona pengamatan. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama 30 detik, pada setiap jarak dan dilakukan sebanyak 10 kali ulangan, analisis dilakukan terhadap 5 kali hasil perhitungan populasi lalat yang tertinggi. Data dianalisis untuk mengetahui kepadatan, distribusi dan frekuensi kepadatan lalat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepadatan lalat di lingkungan permukiman di sekitar peternakan ayam di Desa Waworaha Kecamatan Soropia pada dua lokasi tergolong dalam kategori tinggi yaitu pada zona 1 sebesar 8,7 dan pada zona 2 sebesar 7,0. Sebagian besar wilayah sampling menunjukkan kepadatan dengan populasi yang tinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa lokasi peternakan memiliki kategori yang buruk.
Kata Kunci : Kandang ayam, Kepadatan, lalat rumah (Musca dsomestica)
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Selulotik Sebagai Agen Biokonversi Pakan
Get PDFAbstract
Forage and concentrate are the main feed for ruminant animals. However, forage is the most frequently used feed by farmers to meet the nutritional needs of their livestock. Abundance is the main reason why forage is the most favored by farmers. However, the deficiency of forage is the high fiber content, especially cellulose, which causes low digestibility. One way to reduce cellulose content is with the help of cellulolytic fungi. Cellulolytic fungi are known to have the ability to degrade cellulose. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify cellulolytic fungi found in the decomposed plant matter of odot grass, which is usually used as feed for ruminant animals. Fungi that can degrade cellulose are characterized by their ability to clear CMC media that has been given Congo red. The identification of fungi carried out includes morphological and microscopic characterization. The results showed that three genera of fungi were able to degrade cellulose, namely Aspergillus (isolates P1 and P2), Rhizopus (isolates P5 and P9), and Mucor (isolate P7). The fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Mucor can degrade cellulose in odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott).
Keywords: Fungi, Cellulolytic, Animal Feed,
Abstrak
Hijauan dan konsentrat merupakan pakan utama bagi ternak ruminansia, namun demikian pakan hijauan merupakan pakan yang sering digunakan oleh peternak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi ternaknya. Kelimpahan menjadi alasan utama pakan hijauan paling diminati peternak, namun demikian kekurangan pakan hijauan adalah tingginya kadar seratnya khusus selulosanya yang menyebabkan rendahnya tingkat kecernaannya. Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan kadar seluosanya yaitu dengan bantuan jamur selulotik. Jamur selulotik diketahui mempunyai kemampuan mendegradasi selulosa. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi jamur selulotik yang terdapat di serasa rumput odot yang biasanya dijadikan pakan ternak ruminansia.Jamur yang mempunyai kemampuan mendegrdasi selulosa ditandai dengan kemampuannya untuk menzona beningkan media CMC yang telah diberikan kongo red. Identikasi jamur yang dilakukan meliputi karakterisasi morfologis dan mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada tiga genus jamur yang mampu mendegrasi selulosa yaitu Aspergillus (isolat P1 dan P2), Rhizopus ( isolat P5 dan P9) dan terakhir Mucor ( isolat P7). Jamur genus Aspergiilus, Rhzopus dan Mucor memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi selulosa pada tanaman rumput odot (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott)
Jenis-Jenis Gulma Pada Lahan Budidaya Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) Di Desa Karya Jaya Kecamatan Lasalimu Selatan
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis gulma, indeks nilai penting dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis-jenis gulma yang terdapat pada lahan budidaya tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) di Desa Karya Jaya Kecamatan Lasalimu Selatan. Penelitian ekploratif menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk memberikan gambaran tentang karakteristik dari masing-masing gulma berdasarkan hasil identifikasi menggunakan literatur atau sumber pustaka yang relevan. Pengambilan sampel jenis gulma secara langsung di lahan budidaya dengan menggunakan metode transek pada tiga titik lokasi di dalam lahan budidaya. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 26 jenis gulma dari 23 genus dan 11 famili di lahan budidaya tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). Hasil perhitungan indeks nilai penting gulma yang tertinggi pada transek I yaitu Ageratum conyzoides L. (15,92%), pada transek II dan taransek III yaitu Chromolaena odorata (15,953% dan 15,83%). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman spesies (H’) pada ketiga transek tergolong tinggi, karena nilai (H’ ≥ 3), pada transek I sebesar 3,064), transek II sebesar 3,122 dan transek III sebesar 3,091.
Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Gulma, Tanaman Nilam dan Indeks Nilai Penting, Indeks keanekaragama
Analisis Kadar Asam Lemak Omega-3 dan Mutu Simplisia Herba Krokot (Portulaca oleraceae L.)
Get PDFOmega-3 fatty acids are plural unsaturated fatty acids wich have double bond located in the third hydrocarbon chain of the methyl group, which consists of α-Linoleic (octadekarrienoate), EPA (eikosampentaenoate) and DHA (dekosahesaenoeat), wich many have found in purslane plant. This study aims to determine the levels of Omega-3 fatty acids and the quality of simplicia herbs Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) from Southeast Sulawesi as a raw material for herbal preparations, based on two different drying methods, wich are direct sunlight drying and aerating methods. The parameters seen from the analysis of simplicia quality of purslane herb Portulaca oleraceae L.) include specific and non-specific parameters, which include organoleptic, water content, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content and fatty acid content omega-3. The quality of simplicia to be used as raw material must meet the quality requirements listed in the official monograph of the Ministry of Health such as Materia Medika Indonesia. Based on the results of the analysis of the quality of simplicia and the levels of omega-3 fatty acids that meet the requirements stated in the simplicia monograph. Is the direct sunlight drying method wich many water content of 8%, 7.6% of total ash, 1% of acid insoluble ash, 8.5% of drying loss, 15% of water soluble extract, and 13% of ethanol soluble extract. The CG test result of omega-3 fatty acids through using the drying method under the sun was 24.28% relative. While the aerated drying method result was 14.31% relative
Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Lipolitik Yang Diisolasi Dari Sedimen Mangrove Teluk Kendari: Molecular identification of lipolytic bacteria isolated from Kendari Bay mangrove sediments
No full textThe study aims to isolate and molecularly identify lipolytic bacteria from mangrove sediment in Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi. Lipolytic bacteria were inoculated into Nutrient Agar Rhodamin B containing an olive oil emulsion and 2% NaCl by spread plate, then incubated at room temperature for 24-48 hours. Genomics DNA was extracted using the saline tris-edta (STE) method, while 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR technique involving universal primers 63F and 1387R. PCR conditions consisting of pre-denaturation (94ºC for 5 min), denaturation (95ºC for 30 sec), primer annealing (55ºC for 30 sec), extension (72ºC for 1 min), and post extension (72ºC for 7 min) were carried out 35 cycles. Bioinformatics analysis of 16S rRNA gene include similarity analysis using NCBI Blast, genetic distance matrix as well as phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The results revealed that two bacterial isolates (LMA1 and LMB3) exhibited lipolytic activity and had 16S rRNA gene sequence lengths of 1292 and 1283 bp, respectively. According to the results of BLAST analysis, the LMA1 isolate had a similarity value of 99.69% and a genetic distance of 0.0023 with Vibrio fluvialis, whereas LMB3 had a similarity value of 99.69% and a genetic distance of 0.0008 with Acinetobacter junii. This is also compatible with the phylogenetic tree classification of the two isolates. As a result, based on the partial 16S rRNA gene sequence, isolates LMA1 and LMB3 have the most genetic resemblance and/or are the same species as Vibrio fluvialis and Acinetobacter junii, respectively.
Key words: Lipolytic bacteria, 16S rRNA, mangrove sedimen
Perubahan Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) Setelah Pemberian Bokasi Pupuk Kandang Sapi Pada Tanah Pesisir
Get PDFThe aim of the research was to determine the effect of cow manure bokasi on changes in soil chemical properties and the growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) on coastal soil. This research was carried out from July to September 2023 in Nanga-Nanga, Mokoau Village, Kendari City. The research design used was a Randomized Group Design (RAK). The treatment tested was the dose of bokashi cow manure in a 30x30 cm polybag container containing 5 kg of coastal soil, consisting of 4 treatments, namely P0 (Control) 0 g polybag-1, (PKS1) 250 g polybag-1, (PKS2) 500 g polybag-1 and (PKS3) 750 g polybag-1. Each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 12 treatment units. Variables observed: 1) Soil chemical properties: (pH H20, C-Organic, P-available and N-total, 2) Mustard plant growth: (Plant height and number of leaves). Soil chemical properties analysis data; pH H2O, C-Organic, P-available and N-total, compared with soil assessment criteria (Soil Research Institute, 2023). Mustard plant growth data, including plant height and number of leaves, were analyzed using ANOVA and the BNJ further test with a confidence level of 95%. The results of the research showed that giving cow manure bokasi had a significant effect on the chemical properties of the soil; pH H20, C-Organic, P-available and N-total. There was an increase in the pH value of H2O from 5.10 to 6.00, C-Organic from 1.89% to 2.55%, P-available from 6.17ppm to 9.21 ppm and N-total from 0.14% to 0.35%. Giving cow manure bokasi also had a significant effect on plant height and number of leaves at the age of 7, 14 and 21 HSPT. PKS3 treatment is better with a dose of 750g polybag-1 based on the BNJ test with a confidence level of 95%.
Key words: Bokasi, Brassica juncea, soil chemistry, coastal soil
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh bokasi pupuk kandang sapi terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pada tanah pesisir. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai September 2023 di Nanga-Nanga, Kelurahan Mokoau, kota Kendari. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Perlakuan yang diuji adalah dosis bokashi pupuk kandang sapi yang terdiri 4 taraf yaitu P0 (Kontrol) 0 g polibag-1, (PKS1) 250 g polibag-1, (PKS2) 500 g polibag-1 dan (PKS3) 750 g polibag-1. Masing-masing perlakuan diulangan tiga kali terdapat 12 unit perlakuan. Variabel yang diamati: 1) Analisis kimia tanah : (pH H20, C- Organik, P-tersedia dan N-total, 2) Pertumbuhan tanaman sawi: (Tinggi tanaman dan Jumlah daun ). Data analisis sifat kimia tanah; pH H2O, C-Organik, P-tersedia dan N-total, dengan cara membandingkan data hasil analisis dengan kriteria penilaian tanah (Balai Penelitian Tanah, 2023). Data hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman sawi meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun, dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova. Jika nilai F nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji perbedaan rata-rata menggunakan uji BNJ pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian bokasi pupuk kandang sapi berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan sifat kimia tanah; pH H20, C- Organik, P-tersedia dan N-total. Nilai pH H2O dari 5,10 naik 6,00, C-Organik dari 1,89% naik 2,55%, P-tersedia dari 6,17ppm naik 9,21 ppm dan N-total dari 0,14% naik 0,35%. Pemberian bokasi pupuk kandang sapi juga berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun tanaman tanaman pada umur 7, 14 dan 21 HSPT. Perlakuan (PKS3) lebih baik dengan dosis 750g polibag-1