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Perhitungan Energi Kinetik Pada Sistem Pengereman Regenerative Mobil Listrik
Get PDFThis research is early step of the research developing on regenerative breaking system of Jember University electric car. This research focuses on the energy recovery system application using kinetic energy on electrical while do breaking. Application of KERS (Kinetic Energy Recovery System) is expected to improve the performance of electrical energy storage systems and increase the mileage of electric cars with regenerative system on the battery charging system.The regenerative braking system in this research is to create a prototype system that consists of three main components namely CVT (continuously variable transmission), flywheel and clutch. Data obtained on the experimental results showed that the relationship parameters i.e. car wheel speed, the flywheel speed and duration of the flywheel during braking. At one of the results of data is obtained wheel speed data of 680 rpm, speed flywheel of 128 rpm with duration of flywheel rotation after braking of 21.42 seconds
FABRIKASI SERAT NANO BERBASIS POLIMER MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI ELECTROSPINNING
Get PDFNano fibers can be fabricated using electrospinning technology using local components at low cost. Electrospinning technology also has advantages to control the morphology, uniformity, porosity and composition of nano fiber by pumping a solution of the gel through the nozzle of a metal-needle high voltage electrified. Based on the results of the research, the general parameters required for the manufacture of electrospinning machine is a resolution rate of spraying the solution (μℓ / min) and the magnitude of the high voltage power source (kV). A human hair is approximately 60 μm size looks larger than the size of the resulting PVA fiber electrospinning machine. These results were confirmed by the results of fiber characterization using the AFM in the area of ​​fiber 50 μm x 50 μm, fiber size in the range of <1 μm are included in the order of 1000 nm. It can be concluded that the electrospinning machine that has been made in this study has been able to create nanometer-scale fibers
Karakteristik Pembakaran Difusi Campuran Biodiesel Minyak Jarak Pagar – Etanol / Metanol Pada Mini Glass Tube Dan Mini Copper Tube
No full textDiffusion is performed combustion in diesel engines, biodiesel as a biofuel that is used to replace fossil fuels. Many studies have looked at the effects of a mixture of biodiesel fuel ethanol-methanol-diesel with different percentages in terms of engine performance and exhaust emissions, but have never done research on combustion characteristics. This paper discusses how the mix ratio diffusion combustion characteristics of biodiesel - ethanol / methanol on a mini glass tube burner and a mini copper tube burner. the results showed that the use of mini glass tube burner produces more explosions flame than mini copper tube burner. This is because the temperature of the mini copper tube is higher than the temperature of the mini glass tube, and fire explosion occurred because of thecohesionof theglasstubeto thefuel, so that theliquid fueloftenjumpoutofthe burner tipand thenthere was an explosionof fire, and alsocoolingthe fuelvaporwhen passing theminiglasstube. The lower of viscosity and boiling point properties can reduce explosion flame, and making the evaporationfuelmore better. Conclusion, the use ofmini copper tube burner, producesmore stable flamethanmini glass tube burner. and properties of biodiesel-methanol is better than biodiesel-ethanol. Keywords :Biodiesel, diffusion flame, combustion characteristics, mini glass tube burner, mini copper tube burner
Identifikasi Delaminasi Batang Komposit Rami dengan Metoda Respon Frekuensi
Get PDFIdentification of delamination composite beam for four layers by using piezoelectric sensors. Damage index is based delamination area (cross-sectional area ratio of delamination of the beam cross-sectional area). The purpose of research is to determine the location and cross-sectional area of delamination in composite materials beam four layers. Test bean   varied in five variations of fiber orientation;  [002]s , [4502]s , [9002]s , [±450]s dan [00/900]s,  five variations defect distance from the tip of the beam; 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm, five variations of the damage index; 0:17, 0:22, 0:25, 0:28 and 0:33. Testing method used by the impulse frequency response method. Impulse testing in accordance with ASTM E 756. The results showed the natural frequency of the composite beam influenced by the orientation of the fiber direction, the distance from the tip of the beam defects and damage index
ANALISIS KEKERASAN, CACAT LAS, DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO PADA SAMBUNGAN T PADUAN ALUMINIUM 6061 T6511 HASIL GAS METAL ARC WELDING (GMAW) DENGAN VARIASI KUAT ARUS
Get PDFAA 6061 T6511 is an aluminum alloy with composition Al 96,61 Wt %, Cr 0,04 Wt %, Cu 0,15 Wt %, Fe 0,7 Wt %, Mg 1,15 Wt %, Mn 0,15 Wt %, Si 0,8 Wt %, Ti 0,15 Wt %, and Zn 0,25 Wt %. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is a welding process that the energy obtained from an electric arc. Arc welding to occur between the surface of the workpiece with the electrode wire coming out of the nozzle together with the protective gas. GMAW AA 6061 T6511 using filler metal ER 5356 with composition of 0,2% Mn, 0,25% Si, 0,4% Fe, 5,5% Mg, 0,2% Cr, 0,1% Cu, 0,2% Ti, 0,1% Zn, and 0,0003% Be. From a visual test known GMAW process with strong currents 120 amperes generates heat input of 0,504 kJ/mm, GMAW process with strong currents of 150 amperes generates heat input of 0,837 kJ/mm, and the GMAW process with strong currents of 180 amperes generates heat input of 1,168 kJ/mm. From inspection of defects on the surface was found that the results of GMAW are undersize weld, excessive convexity, excessive undercut, overlap, and incomplete fusion. From inspection of surface defects in GMAW welding of AA 6061 T6511 are spherical porosity and wormholes porosity. The area has the highest hardness in the heat affected zone is located at GMAW AA 6061 T6511 180 amperes is equal to 51,33 BHN, the lowest hardness of 24 BHN which is located on the base metal area on GMAW AA 6061 T6511 120 amperes, and microstructure observations show an increase in diameter the highest point on the AA 6061 T6511 from 61 μm after GMAW process 180 amperes becomes 21 μm. Keywords: AA 6061 T6511, Gas Metal Arc Welding, hardness, microstructure, weld defects
EFEKTIVITAS VARIASI CAMPURAN RADIATOR COOLANT DENGAN AIR TERHADAP LAJU PEMBUANGAN PANAS
Get PDFRadiator adalah alat yang berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mendinginkan air yang telah menyerap panas dari mesin dengan cara membuang panas air tesebut melalui sirip-sirip pendinginnya. Penelitian bertujuan untukmengetahui laju pembuangan panas dan efektifitas pada radiator dengan beberapa komposisi campuran air dengan radiator coolant.Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian perbandingan laju pembuangan panas antara komposisi campuran 90% air dengan 10% radiator coolant, 70% air dengan 30% radiator coolant, 60% air dengan 40% radiator coolant, dan 50% air dengan 50% radiator coolant. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengambil data setiap 5 menit selama 30 menit. Dari penelitian tersebut diambil data antara lain temperatur masuk dan keluar radiator dan volume aliran fluida (Q) yang kemudian dilakukan pengolahan data untuk menentukan laju aliran massa (), panas spesifik fluida (Cp), laju pembuangan radiator (q), dan pengolahan data secara grafik. Hasil penelitian dari beberapa komposisi campuran air dengan radiator coolant menunjukkan bahwa variasi dengan = 1,02 yaitu pada komposisi campuan 70% air dengan 30% radiator coolant yang memiliki nilai laju pembuangan panas yang paling tinggi, hal ini disebabkan nilai Cp pada komposisi ini lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang lain. sedangkan untuk nilai efektifitas paling tinggi untuk variasi komposisi campuran dimiliki 50% air dengan 50% radiator coolant, hal ini disebabkan (beda suhu rata-rata) berbeda jauh dibandingkan variasi komposisi campuran yang lain. Â Kata kunci: Radiator, air, radiator coolant, heat exchange
SIFAT MEKANIK DAN CACAT PENYUSUTAN (SHRINKAGE) AKIBAT VARIASI KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN DAUR ULANG POLYETHYLENE PADA INJECTION MOULDING
Get PDFInjection moulding is one process to form plastic by compress the melted plastic in a closed die. The raw material for the process either pure plastic pellet or mixed with recycled plastics. this research focused on finding the acceptable percentage of recycled the raw material in term of tensile strengh and shrinkage. The composition is varied from 0% to 100% of polyethylene. Tensile test shows that the more percentage of recycled the lower is the tensile strenght. on the other hand, the more the recycled composition the highernis shrinkage number. Both decrease of tensile strengh and increase of shrinkage are linearly. Recycled plastic in the raw material makes the composition be not uniform. It leads misrun defect, i.e. the melted plastic solidified before it reach the destined cavity in the mold. Moreover, it also creates more void in the parts. The highest tensile strength of 19.10 N/mm2 when no recycled mixed in, whereas the minimum of 12.05 N/mm2 achieved when 100% recycled was applied. Recycled Composition of 100% also increased by 9,82% compare to pure plastic. Keywords: Recycled plastic, tensile strength, shrinkage
ANALISIS SIFAT MEKANIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO ALUMINIUM PADUAN Al-Mg-Si HASIL PENGELASAN FRICTION WELDING DENGAN VARIASI KECEPATAN PUTAR
Get PDFAll metals can be done, but welding on some metals, especially aluminum alloys with certain hard to do welding . Various ways and development has been carried out to obtain an alternative method which can connect the hard metal welded. Friction welding (friction welding) is one of the solutions to solve difficult problems connecting metal done with fusión welding (welding liquid). Greatly affect the temperature distribution of welding friction welding results, by varying the rotational speed of the obtained heat more evenly. So that welding can be achieved maximal results. From the results of the largest study of tensile strength at a speed of 1169 rpm is 18.67 MPa, while the tensile strength of the lowest rotational speed of 867 rpm is 16.38 MPa. For the highest hardness values contained in the base metal region (Zud) is 114.5 VHN. while the lowest violence occurred in the HAZ (ZPD) is 52.28 VHN. Keywords: friction welding, rotation speed, hardness, Al-Mg-S
PENGARUH WAKTU AGING TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO KOMPOSIT Al-Si-Mg/Al2O3 DENGAN METODE STIR CASTING
Get PDFAluminum composite needs proper aging period to achieve its optimum mechanical properties through precipitation hardening process. In this research, alumina (Al2O3) particulate reinforced aluminum alloy 6061 composite which is fabricated by stir casting method, undergoes T6 treatment in 175°C for 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours. Mechanical properties evaluations such as tensile testing, hardness testing, and wear rate testing; also microstructure and SEM observation are conducted. Research shows that the optimum artificial aging period for the aluminum composite is 6 hours in 175°C. Wear rate decreases after T6 treatment applied. Hardness increases after T6 treatment applied with aging period of 4 and 6 hours. Tensile strength decreases compared to as-cast composite due to formation of void at interface when T6 treatment conducted. Manufacturing factors will affect the mechanical properties of composite. Keywords: Aluminum composite, billet Al.6061, T6, aging period, stir castin
SMALL-HOLE DRILLING USING DIE SINKER ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINE
Get PDFBanyak kesulitan dihadapi pada pemesinan lubang kecil. Terutama jika prosesnya dilakukan dengan proses drilling mekanik. Untuk mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi, proses pemesinan non-tradisional seringkali diterapkan. Tulisan ini melaporkan hasil studi pemesinan lubang kecil (diameter kurang dari 1 mm) menggunakan EDM die sinker. Lubang dibuat pada aluminium dengan ketebalan 3 mm. Kawat tembaga berdiameter kurang dari 1 mm dipergunakan sebagai elektroda. Untuk menghindari keausan elektroda yang berlebihan, pemesinan dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter yang menghasilkan energi rendah. Pemilihan parameter ini juga dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan kualitas lubang yang baik. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kualitas lubang yang dihasilkan. Selain itu studi juga dilakukan pada pengaruh parameter pemesinan terhadap keausan elektroda dan waktu pemesinan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa lubang dengan diameter kurang dari 1 mm berhasil dibuat dengan mesin EDM die sinker. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk pemesinan berkisar antara 5 – 6 menit. Lubang yang dihasilkan memiliki kebulatan yang relative baik dan permukaan yang tajam. Peningkatan energi pemesinan menambah keausan elektroda dan memperpanjang waktu pemesinan.  Keywords: EDM, small hole, drilling, electrode wea